Security Threat Management in Prison: Revalidation and Revision of the Inmate Risk Assessment for Segregation Placement

Prison officials often rely on restrictive housing to promote institutional safety and security. However, a growing body of research indicates this type of confinement has little impact on inmate behavior or institutional order. An alternative approach involves providing the most dangerous and disruptive inmates with increased case management services and other proactive programmatic opportunities. The success of this strategy requires an ability to prospectively and accurately identify the most problematic inmates. The results of this study indicate that Risk Assessment for Segregation Placement (RASP) and its revised Oregon version (RASP-OR) are valid predictors of segregation placement and institutional misconduct. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Ordering Institutions: The Judicial Function of the Permanent Court of International Justice in Relation to Interwar Organizations

The Permanent Court played a vital role in the emergence of the law of international organizations. Existing accounts of this development focus on the Court’s conception of organizations. This paper argues that this interpretation underappreciates the controversy regarding the performance of the Permanent Court’s judicial function and its place within the inter-war institutional order. Crucially, it is claimed that initially the Permanent Court adopted the perspective of an authoritative interpreter, limiting the scope for recognising the autonomy of organizations. However, the Court began to adopt a more restrained conception of its judicial function and recognised that international organizations possessed a form of compétence de la compétence. This recognition paved the way for a ‘law of international organizations’ to emerge, but, crucially, was not based on any revised understanding of what it meant to ‘be’ an international organization, but rather, on what it meant to ‘be’ an international court.

(Meta-)communicative work in a counselling centre for refugees: reiteration, erasure and agency

We have no apartments is a phrase repeated over and over again at the counselling centre for refugees on housing matters based in Vienna, Austria, where I conducted ethnographic fieldwork. Based on an analysis of processes of entextualisation, de- and recontextualisation in the reiterative, discursive chain, this paper traces the emergence of an institutional regime of communication and the ways institutional actors – counsellors and volunteers – produce, navigate and reproduce this regime by engaging in (meta-)communicative work. The analysis shows how individual agency is both contingent and co-productive of institutional order and social order more generally. With this contribution, I propose Judith Butler’s concept of the postsovereign subject as a way to understand the relations between “local” practices and wider processes of trans-situational meaning-making.

Towards a Theory of Secessionism in Liberal Democracies

This chapter uses the controlled comparison along with the additional cases considered in the previous chapter to sketch a theory of secessionism in liberal democracies. The essence of this theory is that static autonomy stimulates secessionism while dynamic autonomy staves it off. Static autonomy does not adjust to changing circumstances, which pushes members of an internal national community towards independence. In other words, static autonomy generates incentives for supporting secessionism. Differently put, the dissonance between a static institutional order and the evolving socio-political order of the internal national community generates tension, which comes out in the form of secessionism. In contrast, an autonomy that adjusts and/or expands in time keeps pace with processes of construction and expression of national identity, and of definition of national interests, as they unfold in the internal national community. An autonomy that is dynamic means that the institutional order of the internal national community remains congruent with its socio-political order. When citizens of such community expect that their collective autonomy will evolve, incentives to support secession are reduced. The chapter also discusses the sources for static and dynamic autonomy. It explains that static autonomy is more likely in states that have a mononational view of the country or where the internal national community is central to the country’s politics and economy while static autonomy is more probable in states that have a multinational understanding of the country or where the internal national community is marginal from a demographic, economic, and political perspective.

The Institutional Order of Liberalization

When authoritarian regimes liberalize, are there observable patterns in the ordering of reforms, and are these patterns distinct for cases that transition to democracy? While the prevailing literature tends to focus on exogenous ‘determinants’ of democracy, this letter describes the endogenous dynamics of liberalization itself. Using pairwise domination analysis, it assesses the institutional order of reforms during 371 episodes of liberalization in autocracies between 1900 and 2019. Based on twenty-four indicators of democratic institutions and practices, our findings reveal (1) a clear pattern of reform during liberalization episodes, (2) with strong similarities across outcomes, but also that (3) reforms to the administration of elections tend to develop comparatively earlier in episodes of liberalization that produce a democratic transition.

On the Universal Power of Socioeconomic Rights: A Comparison Between Thomas Pogge and Rainer Forst

Introduction. This article investigates the universal power of socioeconomic rights assessing their theoretical conceptualization and practical implication. Methods. Taking theoretical and empirical research into account – at the level of public ethics and political theory – the article carries out a comparative analysis of the elements of global economic justice theory, moral universalism and institutional understanding of human rights of Thomas Pogge and the critical theory of political and social justice and the moral constructivist conception of human rights of Rainer Forst. Analysis. On the one hand, Pogge’s cosmopolitan approach underlines serious noncompliance of socioeconomic rights at the global level because of the unjust distribution of rights and duties enforced by the current global institutional order. In this vein, the protection of socioeconomic rights is conceived as a (moral) negative duty not to deprive people of secure access to a basic human rights object, and socioeconomic rights, by imposing upon them unjust coercive social institutions. On the other hand, Forst’s perspective maintains that each right needs to be constructed on the very basic moral right to reciprocal and general justification which is conceived as the most universal and basic claim of every human being. Results. Drawing on the above-mentioned outlooks on socioeconomic rights, the universal power of socioeconomic rights is assessed in light of the satisfaction of universal basic needs, whose object is also the object of socioeconomic rights – a ‘conditio sine qua non’ for a worthwhile life – and the justification of the assigned duties at the global level.

Reflections between Ethics, Pedagogy and Violence within the Health Personnel

The relationships between ethics, pedagogy and violence were clarified to account for a training need in which the doctor has as main character, in most aspects of learning, the coercion of the student. The interaction between medical expertise and student ignorance reflects the focus of direct pedagogy, the fundamental problems that arise require attention. There are few works that evaluate violence in health institutions caused by staff against the staff itself, this phenomenon has had little visibility, however, there are studies that show important data. The institutional order of medicine, the effects on professionals are of various circumstances, it dissolves in the meanings of medical staff, residents are a vulnerable group in the IMSS given the socio-political and academic conditions in which they find themselves - for example- Since in many occasions these groups are opposed to the cooking of the subjects with greater hierarchy, this is impotent for doctors because they must assume the conditions to continue with their academic and professional development.

Global (Distributive) Justice

Most philosophers agree that it is unjust for one’s life prospects to be determined by one’s race, gender, or social class. And most think that there are demanding duties on members of the same political community (co-citizens) to reduce inequalities that track these features of individuals. But philosophers strongly disagree about how to evaluate inequalities that track the country one is born in. Are global inequalities (inequalities among individuals living in different countries) as problematic and for the same reasons as domestic inequalities (inequalities among co-citizens)? The question of whether egalitarian principles of distributive justice extend globally, beyond the domestic sphere, has been the central question in the debate on global distributive justice. Statists argue that there is something normatively significant about the state, but not the global institutional order, which grounds one’s concerns with domestic inequalities, but not global inequalities. Global egalitarians argue that global inequalities are as unjust to the same extent and for the same reasons as domestic inequalities. The disagreement between both camps can be traced back to different normative, empirical, and methodological assumptions. Statists and global egalitarians can, however, converge on a number of important issues, and the debate can be advanced beyond the stalemate it has reached by investigating these issues of convergence. Significantly, statists can agree with global egalitarians that global justice requires equality of concern (the requirement that interests of all individuals have equal weight), and global egalitarians have reasons to take states seriously to the extent that having a world of states (or multiple political communities) can be shown to be compatible with the requirement of equal concern. Thus, it is important to work out whether individuals have a fundamental interest in being members of political communities, how that interest compares to their interests in opportunities, income, and wealth, and which institutional arraignments can advance these interests according to the right balance.

Business ethics in the age of globalization

This chapter discusses globalization from different angles and summarizes major critical voices raised against it. The implications of globalization for business ethics are discussed: there is substantial disagreement on a number of ethical topics across the globe, which makes it difficult for multinational companies to find a common ground for meaningful ethical dialogs. An alternative view on globalization is proposed. This view focuses on the establishment of an institutional order that enables the realization of win-win potentials through global networking. The chapter closes with illustrative case studies on the problem of child labor and the global transportation of food.

Institutional Order Handling and Broker-Affiliated Trading Venues

Using detailed order handling data, we find that institutional brokers who route more orders to affiliated alternative trading systems (ATSs) are associated with lower execution quality (i.e., lower fill rates and higher implementation shortfall costs). To separate clients’ preference for ATSs from brokers’ routing decisions, we confirm these results for orders where brokers have more order handling discretion, matched broker analysis that accounts for ATS usage, matched child orders that account for client intent, and based on an exogenous constraint on ATS venue choice. Our results suggest that increased transparency of order routing practices will improve execution quality.