scholarly journals Effects of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Mood and Cortisol Release in First-degree Relatives of Type I and Type II Bipolar Patients and Healthy Matched Controls

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Cortisol Release

Cognition following acute tryptophan depletion: difference between first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder patients and matched healthy control volunteers

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SOBCZAK ◽  
W. J. RIEDEL ◽  
I. BOOIJ ◽  
M. AAN HET ROT ◽  
N. E. P. DEUTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Serotonergic circuits have been proposed to mediate cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory. Cognitive impairment is often seen in bipolar disorders in relation to a possible lowered serotonergic turnover.Methods. We investigated the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) on cognitive performance in healthy first-degree relatives of bipolar patients (FH) (N = 30) and matched controls (N = 15) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design. Performance on planning, memory and attention tasks were assessed at baseline and 5 h after ATD.Results. Following ATD, speed of information processing on the planning task was impaired in the FH group but not in the control group. FH subjects with a bipolar disorder type I relative (FH I) showed impairments in planning and memory, independent of ATD. In all subjects, ATD impaired long-term memory performance and speed of information processing. ATD did not affect short-term memory and focused and divided attention.Conclusions. The results suggest serotonergic vulnerability affecting frontal lobe areas in FH subjects, indicated by impaired planning. Biological vulnerability in FH I subjects is reflected in impaired planning and memory performance. In conclusion, the cognitive dysfunctions in FH subjects indicate an endophenotype constituting a possible biological marker in bipolar psychopathology. Serotonin appears to be involved in speed of information processing, verbal and visual memory and learning processes.

Blood Type and Bipolar Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 988-988
Author(s):  
Tamas Zonda ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Type I bipolar patients in Budapest were reported to have type O blood more often and types A and B blood less often than Type II bipolar patients.

Acute tryptophan depletion in bipolar disorders; literature review and directives for further research

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sobczak ◽  
A. Honig ◽  
W.J. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Methodological Aspects

ABSTRACTSerotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorders. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), which decreases serotonergic turnover, is an established paradigm to study serotonergic vulnerability in affective disorders. Literature on the application of ATD as a research tool in bipolar patients is limited to three studies, which revealed inconsistent results on mood modification. These inconsistencies may be attributed to differences in methodological procedures and / or characteristics of included patients. Patient selection, methodological aspects and procedures of these studies are critically considered and recommendations given. A research protocol to test the 5-HT vulnerability in bipolar disorder is proposed.

scholarly journals Social cognition in first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder: Theory of Mind and nonverbal sensitivity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246908
Author(s):  
Usue Espinós ◽  
Enrique G. Fernández-Abascal ◽  
Mercedes Ovejero ◽  
Guillermo Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nonverbal Sensitivity ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Social cognition might be impaired in first degree relatives (FDR) of BD but existing research shows controversial results about social cognitive impairments in this population. The aim of this study was to assess Theory of Mind (ToM) and nonverbal sensitivity in FDR of BD and compare the results with those of two groups of persons with remitted bipolar disorder (BD), type I and II, and a control group. Social cognitive ability was examined in first degree relatives of BD, with a biological parent, offspring or sibling diagnosed with the disorder. For this study, 37 FDRs of bipolar patients, 37 BD I, 40 BD II and 40 control participants were recruited. Social cognition was explored by means of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the MiniPONS. Results showed a significant impairment in FDR of BD in the ToM task, but not in nonverbal sensitivity. Performance of FDRs in social cognition is better than that of BDs (either type I or type II) but worse when compared with that of healthy individuals without a family history of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, no differences were found between BD I and BD II groups. Males and older participants showed a worse performance in all groups. Group family therapy with FDRs of BD might include training in the recognition of nonverbal cues, which might increase the understanding of their familiars with BD, in order to modify communication abilities.

scholarly journals Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on mood and suicidal ideation in bipolar patients symptomatically stable on lithium

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hughes ◽  
F. Dunne ◽  
A. H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that brain serotonin neurotransmission may mediate the actions of lithium carbonate. Acute tryptophan depletion reduces brain serotonin and allows the study of this neurotransmitter in patient groups.AimsTo examine the effects of acute tryptophan depletion on mood and suicidal ideation in bipolar patients who were symptomatically stable on lithium.MethodNineteen subjects satisfying DSM–IV criteria for bipolar I disorder participated in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled random-order crossover study. Symptoms were evaluated following acute tryptophan depletion, which was induced by a 100 g amino acid drink following an overnight fast.ResultsPlasma tryptophan fell significantly after the depleting drink, but not after the control drink (P < 0.05, paired t-test, mean reduction 83%). No significant changes in mood or suicidality scores were recorded after acute tryptophan depletion.ConclusionsAcute tryptophan depletion does not reverse lithium's effects on mood and suicidality in bipolar disorder.

Brain 5-HT function in bipolar affective disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
A.H. Young ◽  
J.H. Hughes ◽  
C.H. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Bipolar Patients

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies suggest that brain serotonin neurotransmission may mediate the actions of lithium carbonate. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) reduces brain serotonin and allows the study of this neurotransmitter in patient groups. Serotonin modulates electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, which is abnormal in bipolar disorder, and EEG abnormalities persist in euthymic bipolar patients. The EEG may therefore be a sensitive marker of 5-HT function in bipolar disorder.Aims: This study examined the effects of ATD on mood, suicidal ideation and EEG activity in bipolar patients who were symptomatically stable on lithium.Methods: 19 subjects satisfying DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder participated in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled random-order crossover study. Following acute tryptophan depletion (induced by a 100g amino acid drink following an overnight fast) symptoms were evaluated, quantitative power spectrum brain mapping and measurement of auditory evoked potentials were carried out.Results: ATD produced a significant fall in the amplitude of N1P2 and P300 components of the auditory evoked potential, but no significant changes in the power spectrum. There was an 83% reduction in plasma tryptophan (p<0.05, paired t-test) after the depleting but not the control drink. No significant changes in mood or suicidally scores were recorded after ATD.Conclusions: ATD attenuates auditory evoked potentials in bipolar disorder but does not reverse lithium's effects on mood and suicidally in bipolar disorder.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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