Epilepsy in context of acquired brain injury (ABI) in a tertiary neuropsychiatric setting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 885-885
Author(s):  
A. Tajer ◽  
R.A. Faruqui ◽  
S. Bonthala ◽  
K. El-Kadi ◽  
R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Early Seizures

IntroductionEach year around 1/10,000 of general population sustain a traumatic brain injury (7,000 individual in UK) and as a result have an increased risk of epilepsy in the long term.To the best of our knowledge there is not much literature available on incidence and prevalence of epilepsy following ABI in the group of patients who develop psychiatric presentation as a result.AimsTo ascertain the prevalence of epilepsy in a group of in-patients with neuropsychiatric presentation admitted in a tertiary Brain Injury Neuropsychiatry Centre.MethodsA cross sectional survey of healthcare records of 125 in-patients was carried out to ascertain the diagnosis of epilepsy. The current diagnosis of epilepsy and frequency of these patients’ seizures as well as history of early seizures following ABI were noted.ResultsOut of 125 patients studied, 40 (32%) were diagnosed with epilepsy at some point following their brain injury or at the time of survey. Out of these, 35 patients had active epilepsy at the time of the survey with definite seizures witnessed and documented in the in-patients notes. Fifteen patients had had seizures in early phase following their ABI and no seizures reported since.ConclusionsPatients who present with either cognitive impairment, challenging behaviour or and psychiatric illness are at a higher risk of epilepsy compared to those reported in general Brain Injury Neuro-rehabilitation setting. This could be explained by severity of ABI or the areas of brain damaged which may be involved in neuro-psychiatric presentation also causing epilepsy.

Adult CHD: the ongoing need for physician counselling about heredity and contraceptive options

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Londono-Obregon ◽  
Elizabeth Goldmuntz ◽  
Brooke T. Davey ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Gail B. Slap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of

AbstractPurposeCurrent guidelines recommend that patients with CHD receive age-appropriate counselling on reproduction, pregnancy, and risk of heredity. Our aim was to examine patient knowledge of reproductive health and explore the association between patient knowledge of CHD transmission risk and earlier physician counselling in adults with CHD.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey of patients with CHD aged 18 years and older in a paediatric hospital.ResultsOf the 100 patients who completed the questionnaire, most did not report counselling on heredity (66%) or contraception (71%). Of the 54 women, 25 (46%) identified their contraceptive options correctly; 42 (78%) women were classified as being at significantly increased risk for an adverse outcome during pregnancy, and of these 20 (48%) identified this risk correctly. Of all patients surveyed, 72% did not know that having CHD placed them at increased risk for having a child with CHD. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with correct knowledge about risk of recurrence were correct identification of CHD diagnosis (p=0.04) and patient-reported counselling (p=0.001).ConclusionsKnowledge about heredity, pregnancy risk, and contraceptive options is inadequate among adults with CHD followed-up in a paediatric subspecialty clinic. The majority of patients did not report a history of counselling about reproductive health. There is a strong correlation between history of counselling by the patient’s cardiologist and correct knowledge about recurrence risk, suggesting that effective reproductive counselling can positively impact this knowledge gap.

Interventions Addressing Vision, Visual-perceptual Impairments Following Acquired Brain Injury: A Cross-sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Paul Y. Yoo ◽  
Katryne Scott ◽  
Filip Myszak ◽  
Stephanie Mamann ◽  
Amelie Labelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Stress ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Oculomotor Function

Background. The existing literature on the effectiveness of interventions targeting vision, visual-perceptual impairments following acquired brain injury (ABI) is scarce and unlinked to occupational performance. Purpose. To explore current occupational therapy practice in vision-rehabilitation among adults with ABI in Canada, and to determine the evidence-practice gaps. Methods. An online survey was made available through the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) website, and disseminated to seven public healthcare institutions in Quebec. The survey collected respondent demographic information, and the types and frequency of treatments delivered. Descriptive statistics were conducted to determine interventions’ frequency. Participant comments were collected and grouped into recurring themes. Findings. Over half (55%) of respondents regularly use evidence-based interventions when addressing visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) deficits, but only very few (3%) use it when dealing with oculomotor function and visual stress impairments. Implications. Results gave a glimpse of interventions used and suggested the need for further research in vision rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Association and interaction of hemoglobin glycation index with hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mi ◽  
Jian Song ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
xue-sen wu
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mi ◽  
Jian Song ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
xue-sen wu
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China.We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity /family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mi ◽  
Jian Song ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
xue-sen wu
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background: Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods : The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.Results: Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.Conclusion: High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

Neurobehavioural rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Rodger L. Wood ◽  
Nick Alderman ◽  
Andrew Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Brain Injured

Helping brain-injured people re-adapt to society requires a system that provides individuals with opportunities to learn and apply social and functional skills in community settings. However, many types of acquired brain injury cause damage to prefrontal structures that are central to behavioural self-regulation, giving rise to complex patterns of socially challenging behaviour that can deny access to rehabilitation. Neurobehavioural rehabilitation was initially developed to address long-term problems of challenging behaviour that prevented individuals from engaging meaningfully with the rehabilitation process. However, it has evolved to promote psychosocial recovery more broadly, with the aim of changing behaviour from disabled, inappropriate, and socially handicapped to adaptive, purposeful, and ‘independent’. It is a paradigm that incorporates methods of associational learning within a structured environment that emphasizes clear feedback to raise awareness of behaviour, in a way that improves social cognition and self-regulation, to promote community independence.

scholarly journals Knowledge of modern contraceptives among undergraduate students of College of Health Sciences of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2100
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maryam Muhammad ◽  
Adamu Habibullah ◽  
Ismail Ahmad Muhammad ◽  
Auwalu Muhammed ◽  
Usman Nasir Nakakana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Background: Many undergraduate students in Nigerian Universities are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies with resultant illegal abortions. The aim of this study is to assess the undergraduate students’ knowledge of contraceptives. Understanding the knowledge of contraception among students is essential in tackling unwanted pregnancies among youths.Methods: The researchers use cross-sectional survey, a quantitative approach to the stated objective. About fifty five (55) female students aged 18 to 21 years were enrolled in the study using purposive sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The fifty five (55) completed questionnaires were retrieved and data analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The result showed that current overall contraception knowledge was low, while general contraceptive knowledge is high among the student. However, the knowledge of both short-term and long term acting contraceptive methods were very low as reported by the respondents.Conclusions: This study has implication for health education especially on the use of modern contraceptives. Thus, recommendations were highlighted to improve students’ knowledge of the various contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mi ◽  
Jian Song ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Xuesen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals. Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects: (1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87 (95% CI 1.26–2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI: 1.36, 95% CI 0.11–2.63; AP: 0.43, 95% CI 0.17–0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95% CI 0.24–1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.56) and SI (1.96, 95% CI 1.01–3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95% CI 0.01–0.54) was observed to be significant. Conclusion High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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