Association and interaction of hemoglobin glycation index with hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29532/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

xue-sen wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract BackgroundHemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China.We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.ResultsSpecifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.ConclusionHigh HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity /family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29532/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

xue-sen wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background: Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals.Methods : The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects：(1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software.Results: Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87(95%CI: 1.26-2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI:1.36,95%CI:0.11-2.63; AP: 0.43, 95%CI:0.17-0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI:1.10-6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95%CI:0.24-1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.56) and SI (1.96, 95%CI:1.01-3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95%CI: 0.01-0.54) was observed to be significant.Conclusion: High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and its interaction with obesity/family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a community-based cross-sectional survey

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01762-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Mi ◽

Jian Song ◽

Yingying Zhao ◽

Xuesen Wu

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hemoglobin Glycation

Abstract Background Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is considered to be a convenient measurable indicator to assess the inter-individual variation of HbA1c. In the present study, we tested the relationship between HGI and risk of hypertension, and further explored the possible interacting influences of HGI with other such factors on hypertension risk among Chinese individuals. Methods The eligible subjects were chosen from a community-based cross-sectional survey in China. We collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. HGI was calculated as “measured HbA1c-predicted HbA1c” and divided into four categories according to quartile. The following indicators were used to assess interactive effects: (1) relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) attributable proportion due to interaction (AP); and (3) synergy index (SI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results Specifically, 1777 eligible participants were selected in this cross-sectional survey. There were 433 subjects who were identified to have hypertension (24.4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension from Q1 to Q4 of HGI was observed (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic model demonstrated that subjects at the highest HGI group had a substantially increased risk of being hypertensive than subjects in the first quartile of HGI, as indicated by the OR value of 1.87 (95% CI 1.26–2.78). Moreover, a significant interaction between family history of hypertension and HGI on hypertension risk was detected (RERI: 1.36, 95% CI 0.11–2.63; AP: 0.43, 95% CI 0.17–0.69; and SI:2.68, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). The interactive effect between HGI and abdominal obesity was also found to be significant, as estimated by the value of RERI (1.04, 95% CI 0.24–1.85), AP (0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.56) and SI (1.96, 95% CI 1.01–3.79). However, in the analysis of the interaction between HGI and general obesity, only the AP value (0.28, 95% CI 0.01–0.54) was observed to be significant. Conclusion High HGI was independently associated with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, HGI significantly shared interactions with obesity and family history of hypertension that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and its interactive effects on hypertension risk in non-diabetic population: a cross-sectional survey in China

10.21203/rs.2.14311/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

jian song ◽

nana wei ◽

yingying zhao ◽

yuhong jiang ◽

xuesen wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background Abnormal glucose metabolism have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the associations and potential interactions of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with other factors on the risk of hypertension among Chinese non-diabetic adults. Methods As a cross-sectional survey, the current work provided questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests and biochemical measure for each of the eligible participants. The HbA1c levels were quantified and grouped by quartiles. The correlation between HbA1c and hypertension risk in non-diabetic were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. For evaluating the interactive effects, the parameters of Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion due to Interaction (AP) and Synergy Index (SI) were calculated, respectively. Results In the current study, 1462 non-diabetic subjects were enrolled. Totally, the prevalence of hypertension was 22.4% (n=327) in the individuals without diabetes. When the HbA1c levels were grouped by quartiles, it was revealed that the prevalence of hypertension substantially elevated across groups ( P for trend <0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, in comparison with the first quartile of HbA1c, the normalized OR for hypertension risk were 1.90 (95% CI:1.28-2.80) for the highest quartile. Besides, the ROC curve analysis indicated that the best threshold of HbA1c as the predictor for hypertension risk was 4.95 in non-diabetic subjects, with the AUC of 0.60 (0.58-0.63). Eventually, it was demonstrated from the interactive effect analysis that the HbA1c significantly interacted with abdominal obesity (RERI: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.38- 2.58; AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.60 and SI: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62) and family history of hypertension (AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05-0.70) on the risk of hypertension in non-diabetic participants. Conclusion The risk of hypertension was aggravated by the up-regulated HbA1c in an independent and synergistic manner with abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension in Chinese subjects without diabetes.

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Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and its interactive effects on hypertension risk in non-diabetic population: a cross-sectional survey in China

10.21203/rs.2.14311/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

jian song ◽

nana wei ◽

yingying zhao ◽

yuhong jiang ◽

xuesen wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background Abnormal glucose metabolism have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the associations and potential interactions of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with other factors on the risk of hypertension among Chinese non-diabetic adults. Methods As a cross-sectional survey, the current work provided questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests and biochemical measure for each of the eligible participants. The HbA1c levels were quantified and grouped by quartiles. The correlation between HbA1c and hypertension risk in non-diabetic was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. For evaluating the interactive effects, the parameters of Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion due to Interaction (AP) and Synergy Index (SI) were calculated, respectively. Results In the current study, 1462 non-diabetic subjects were enrolled. Totally, the prevalence of hypertension was 22.4% (n=327) in the individuals without diabetes. When the HbA1c levels were grouped by quartiles, it was revealed that the prevalence of hypertension substantially elevated across groups ( P for trend <0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, in comparison with the first quartile of HbA1c, the normalized OR for hypertension risk were 1.90 (95% CI:1.28-2.80) for the highest quartile. Also, the risk of ISH also significantly increased with HbA1c levels in the highest quartile as compared with the bottom quartile(OR: 2.23,95% CI:1.47-3.71). Besides, the ROC curve analysis indicated that the best threshold of HbA1c as the predictor for hypertension risk was 4.95 in non-diabetic subjects, with the AUC of 0.60 (0.58-0.63). Eventually, it was demonstrated from the interactive effect analysis that the HbA1c significantly interacted with abdominal obesity (RERI: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.38-2.58; AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.60 and SI: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62) and family history of hypertension (AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05-0.70) on the risk of hypertension in non-diabetic participants. Conclusion The risk of hypertension was aggravated by the up-regulated HbA1c in an independent and synergistic manner with abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension in Chinese subjects without diabetes.

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Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and their interactive effects on hypertension risk in nondiabetic Chinese population: a cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.2.14311/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

jian song ◽

nana wei ◽

yingying zhao ◽

yuhong jiang ◽

xuesen wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hba1c Level ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism has been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. This study investigated the effect of the association and potential interaction of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other factors on the risk of hypertension among Chinese nondiabetic adults. Methods : As a cross-sectional survey, the current work deployed a questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests, and biochemical measures for each of the eligible participants. The HbA1c levels were quantified and grouped by quartiles. Correlations between HbA1c and hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) risk in nondiabetics were investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. For evaluating the interactive effects, the parameters of relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (SI) were calculated, respectively. Results : In the current study, 1,462 nondiabetic subjects were enrolled. In total, the prevalence rates of hypertension, ISH and IDH were 22.4%, 9.6% and 4.5%, respectively. When HbA1c levels were grouped by quartile, it was revealed that the prevalence rates of hypertension and ISH were substantially elevated across groups (Pfor trend<0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, in comparison with the first quartile of HbA1c, the normalized OR for hypertension risk was 1.90 (95% CI: 1.28-2.80) for the highest quartile. Also, the risk of ISH was significantly increased with HbA1c level in the highest quartile relative to in the bottom quartile (OR: 2.23,95% CI:1.47-3.71). However, no significant relationship between the HbA1c level and IDH risk was observed (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.82-3.84). Eventually, it was demonstrated from the interactive effect analysis that HbA1c significantly interacted with abdominal obesity(RERI: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.38-2.58; AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.60 and SI: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62) and family history of hypertension(AP: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05-0.70) in influencing the risk of hypertension in nondiabetic participants.Conclusion: Higher HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk of hypertension and ISH, but not IDH among Chinese nondiabetic adults. Moreover, the risk of hypertension was also aggravated by the upregulated HbA1c in a synergistic manner alongside abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension.

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Interaction of lipid accumulation product and family history of hypertension on hypertension risk: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Chinese population

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e029253

Author(s):

JunXuan Huang ◽

XinYu Bao ◽

YiXian Xie ◽

XiaoXia Zhang ◽

Xin Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Lipid Accumulation Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Southern Chinese ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

ObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the applicability of a novel index based on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) which was named lipid accumulation product (LAP) in the Southern Chinese population, and compared the predictive effects of LAP and other obesity indicators on hypertension risk. Moreover, this study investigated the interactive effects of LAP and family history of hypertension.MethodsA total number of 2079 of community-dwelling adults in Southern China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The participants underwent questionnaire surveys, anthropometric tests and laboratory examinations. Themultinomial logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves, including LAP, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WC and TG, were used to assess the association between hypertension risk and obesity indexes. The interaction effects were evaluated by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).ResultsHigher LAP levels have a relatively higher risk of having hypertension in both sexes (males: adjusted OR=2.79 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.44, p<0.001; females: adjusted OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.56 to 6.39, p<0.001). LAP (area under the curve=0.721; 95% CI 0.680 to 0.761) is a better indicator in identifying hypertension risk than BMI, WHR and TG in females, but WC performed better in males. A significant interaction between LAP and family history of hypertension was observed in males (RERI=1.652, 95% CI 0.267 to 3.037; AP=0.516, 95% CI 0.238 to 0.794; SI=3.998, 95% CI 0.897 to 17.820), but there is no statistically significant difference in females.ConclusionsLAP significantly associates with hypertension risk in the Southern Chinese population. It has better performance than BMI, WHR and TG on predicting hypertension risk of the Southern Chinese female population. Moreover, LAP and family history of hypertension might synergistically increase the risk of hypertension.

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Leg length, skull circumference, and the prevalence of dementia in low and middle income countries: a 10/66 population-based cross sectional survey

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610210001274 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 202-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Martin Prince ◽

Daisy Acosta ◽

Alan D Dangour ◽

Ricardo Uauy ◽

Mariella Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Sampling Error ◽

Leg Length ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

History Of

ABSTRACTBackground: Adult leg length is influenced by nutrition in the first few years of life. Adult head circumference is an indicator of brain growth. There is a limited literature linking short legs and small skulls to an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in late life.Methods: One phase cross-sectional surveys were carried out of all residents aged over 65 years in 11 catchment areas in China, India, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico and Peru (n = 14,960). The cross-culturally validated 10/66 dementia diagnosis, and a sociodemographic and risk factor questionnaire were administered to all participants, and anthropometric measures taken. Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios for the effect of leg length and skull circumference upon 10/66 dementia, controlling for age, gender, education and family history of dementia.Results: The pooled meta-analyzed fixed effect for leg length (highest vs. lowest quarter) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68–0.98) and for skull circumference 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63–0.89). While point estimates varied between sites, the proportion of the variability attributable to heterogeneity between studies as opposed to sampling error (I2) was 0% for leg length and 22% for skull circumference. The effects were independent and not mediated by family history of dementia. The effect of skull circumference was not modified by educational level or gender, and the effect of leg length was not modified by gender.Conclusions: Since leg length and skull circumference are said to remain stable throughout adulthood into old age, reverse causality is an unlikely explanation for the findings. Early life nutritional programming, as well as neurodevelopment may protect against neurodegeneration.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Adolescents

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2020/4262034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Andra Kurnianto ◽

Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya ◽

Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan ◽

Dany Hilmanto

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Family History ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Equation Model ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Background. Given that hypertension in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is not surprising that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents has also increased in recent years. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and also the new AAP guideline has not yet been applied to the Indonesian adolescent population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension using the new AAP guideline and to assess the occurrence of its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at twelve senior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors most associated with hypertension among adolescents, and then an equation model was created. The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated, together with several factors such as age group, sex, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, sleep duration, nutritional intake, and smoking. Results. In total, 1200 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 0.99 years were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among adolescents was 8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant associations between sex, family history of hypertension, hypertensive father, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents (p<0.05). Stress was the most powerful risk factor of hypertension with an odds ratio of 5.83 (95% confidence interval 2.91–11.6). Conclusions. Nowadays, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adolescents is quite high. This may be caused by lifestyle or behavior changes among adolescents. Sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived stress influenced the 27% hypertension prevalence rate among Indonesian adolescents, particularly in Palembang, South Sumatera. In order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in adults, concern about lifestyle or behavior changes and hypertension among adolescents should be given.

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High Rate of Obesity-Associated Hypertension among Primary Schoolchildren in Sudan

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.4061/2011/629492 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Zeena Salman ◽

Gregory D. Kirk ◽

Mark D. DeBoer

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Schoolchildren ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently has roots in childhood, including following childhood-onset hypertension. Incidence of CVD has increased in developing countries in East Africa during recent urbanization. Effects of these shifts on childhood hypertension are unclear. Our objectives were to (1) Determine the prevalence of hypertension among primary schoolchildren in Khartoum, Sudan; (2) Determine whether hypertension in this setting is associated with obesity. We performed a cross sectional study of 6-12y children from two schools randomly selected in Khartoum, Sudan. Height, weight, BMI, BP and family history of hypertension were assessed. Age-, height- and gender-specific BP curves were used to determine pre-hypertension (90–95%) and hypertension (>95%). Of 304 children, 45 (14.8%) were overweight; 32 (10.5%) were obese; 15 (4.9%) were pre-hypertensive and 15 (4.9%) were hypertensive. Obesity but not family history of hypertension was associated with current hypertension. In multiple logistic regression, adjusting for family history, children who were obese had a relative-risk of 14.7 (CI 2.45-88.2) for systolic hypertension compared to normal-weight children. We conclude that overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren in urban Sudan and are strongly associated with hypertension. That obesity-associated cardiovascular sequelae exist in the developing world at young ages may be a harbinger of future CVD in sub-Saharan Africa.

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