P.5.045 Succinate-containing drug attenuates cognitive disorders caused by traumatic brain injury in clinical setting

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. S226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Savateeva ◽  
A.D. Tsivinsky ◽  
A.N. Petrov ◽  
A.V. Afanasiev ◽  
A.L. Kovalenko
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresita L. Briones

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the younger population worldwide. Survivors of TBI often experience long-term disability in the form of cognitive, sensorimotor, and affective impairments. Despite the high prevalence in, and cost of TBI to, both individuals and society, some of its underlying pathophysiology is not completely understood. Animal models have been developed over the past few decades to closely replicate the different facets of TBI in humans to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and behavioral impairments and assess potential therapies that can promote neuroprotection. However, no effective treatment for TBI has been established to date in the clinical setting, despite promising results generated in preclinical studies in the use of neuroprotective strategies. The failure to translate results from preclinical studies to the clinical setting underscores a compelling need to revisit the current state of knowledge in the use of animal models in TBI.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-666
Author(s):  
Lencsés Anita ◽  
Demeter Gyula

Jelen tanulmány tudomásunk szerint az első magyar nyelvű áttekintés a prospektív emlékezet (prospective memory, PM) témájában, melynek kettős célja van. Egyrészt összefoglalja a PM legfontosabb fogalmait, elméleteit, kísérleti és idegtudományi eredményeit, ismertetve a kutatások klinikai relevanciáját. A PM a jövőbeli szándékokra irányuló emlékezet, egy olyan összetett kognitív képesség, amely alapvető a mindennapi feladataink ellátása során. Működése a prefrontális kéreghez és kapcsolataihoz köthető, így számos, a frontostriatális rendszert érintő kórkép esetén sérülést mutat. Áttekintésünk fókuszában egy gyakori neurológiai kórkép, a traumás agysérülés áll. E személyek hétköznapjait a leginkább megnehezítő, gyakori és tartós kognitív zavar a PM sérülése. Ennek ellenére kevés kutatás foglalkozott a csökkent PM-működést meghatározó tényezőkkel ebben a betegcsoportban, az eredmények pedig ellentmondásosak.Tanulmányunk további célja, hogy összefoglalja a traumás agysérült személyek PM-teljesítményével kapcsolatos empirikus kutatásokat. Szakirodalmi áttekintésünkben 25 empirikus tanulmányt azonosítottunk, amelyekben traumás agysérült felnőtt személyek PM-teljesítményét hasonlították össze egészséges kontrollszemélyekével. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy traumás agysérülést követően jellemző a PM diszfunkciója. Azonban számtalan tényező befolyásolhatja a PM-teljesítményt ebben a populációban: a sérülés súlyossága, lokalizációja, a kómában és a poszttraumás amnéziában töltött idő, a sérülés óta eltelt idő, a hangulatzavarok és a komorbid kognitív zavarok; valamint az olyan feladatjellemzők, mint a mérőeszköz típusa, a PM összetevői, illetve a prospektív kulcsinger és a folyamatban lévő feladat jellegzetességei. Elgondolásunk szerint e kutatási eredmények nemcsak a PM működésének megértésével kapcsolatban szolgálnak fontos következtetésekkel, hanem támpontokat adhatnak a rehabilitációs, terápiás munkára nézve is, megteremtve egy jövőbeli hatékony, a PM-funkciókra fókuszáló kognitív tréning kidolgozását traumás agysérült személyek számára.To the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the fi rst review in Hungarian on the topic of prospective memory (PM), and it has a dual objective. On the one hand, it summarizes the most important concepts, theories, experimental and neuroscientifi c results of PM, describing the clinical relevance of the research. PM refers to the memory for future intentions, and it is a complex cognitive ability that is essential in performing our day-to-day tasks. PM function is related to the prefrontal cortex and its connections, and its dysfunction is well-documented in several diseases affecting the frontostriatal system. This review focuses on traumatic brain injury, a common neurological disorder. Patients with traumatic brain injury experience PM dysfunction, which is a common and persistent cognitive disorder making their everyday life the most diffi cult. Nevertheless, little research has investigated the factors contributing to decreased PM performance in this patient population, and the results are contradictory.Another goal of our study is to summarize empirical research on PM performance after traumatic brain injury. In this literature review, we identifi ed 25 empirical studies comparing the PM performance of adults with traumatic brain injury with those of healthy controls. Based on these empirical results, PM dysfunction is a common fi nding after traumatic brain injury. However, a number of factors can affect PM performance in this population: the severity and localization of injury, time spent in coma, length of posttraumatic amnesia, time since injury, mood disorders and comorbid cognitive disorders, and task characteristics, such as the type of measurement, the components of the PM task, and features of the PM cue and the ongoing task. In our opinion, these fi ndings not only provide essential conclusions about understanding the functioning of PM, but they can also establish the foundation for rehabilitation and therapeutic work, and contribute to the creation of an effective cognitive training focused on PM for traumatic brain injury patients.


Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Jolly ◽  
Maria Bălăeţ ◽  
Adriana Azor ◽  
Daniel Friedland ◽  
Stefano Sandrone ◽  
...  

Abstract Poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common yet remain difficult to predict. Diffuse axonal injury is important for outcomes, but its assessment remains limited in the clinical setting. Currently, axonal injury is diagnosed based on clinical presentation, visible damage to the white matter or via surrogate markers of axonal injury such as microbleeds. These do not accurately quantify axonal injury leading to misdiagnosis in a proportion of patients. Diffusion tensor imaging provides a quantitative measure of axonal injury in vivo, with fractional anisotropy often used as a proxy for white matter damage. Diffusion imaging has been widely used in TBI but is not routinely applied clinically. This is in part because robust analysis methods to diagnose axonal injury at the individual level have not yet been developed. Here, we present a pipeline for diffusion imaging analysis designed to accurately assess the presence of axonal injury in large white matter tracts in individuals. Average fractional anisotropy is calculated from tracts selected on the basis of high test-retest reliability, good anatomical coverage and their association to cognitive and clinical impairments after TBI. We test our pipeline for common methodological issues such as the impact of varying control sample sizes, focal lesions and age-related changes to demonstrate high specificity, sensitivity and test-retest reliability. We assess 92 patients with moderate-severe TBI in the chronic phase (≥6 months post-injury), 25 patients in the subacute phase (10 days to 6 weeks post-injury) with 6-month follow-up and a large control cohort (n = 103). Evidence of axonal injury is identified in 52% of chronic and 28% of subacute patients. Those classified with axonal injury had significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes than those without, a difference not seen for focal lesions or microbleeds. Almost a third of patients with unremarkable standard MRIs had evidence of axonal injury, whilst 40% of patients with visible microbleeds had no diffusion evidence of axonal injury. More diffusion abnormality was seen with greater time since injury, across individuals at various chronic injury times and within individuals between subacute and 6-month scans. We provide evidence that this pipeline can be used to diagnose axonal injury in individual patients at subacute and chronic time points, and that diffusion MRI provides a sensitive and complementary measure when compared to susceptibility weighted imaging, which measures diffuse vascular injury. Guidelines for the implementation of this pipeline in a clinical setting are discussed.


Brain Injury ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reimunde ◽  
A. Quintana ◽  
B. Castañón ◽  
N. Casteleiro ◽  
Z. Vilarnovo ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Amber Hollingsworth

The clinical population of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one in which reported difficulties often relate to very high-level cognitive, linguistic, motoric, and pragmatic function. It is a population that represents a rapidly expanding and transforming subset of overall clinical caseload and one in which attempts to measure recovery outcome must increasingly focus on a wide array of social, economic, academic, and employment criteria. This article aims to provide an overview of the types of outcome measures available, the benefits and limitations of each, and potential opportunities and barriers for their implementation in a clinical setting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Andrey Soloviev ◽  
Elena Ichitovkina ◽  
Elena Golubeva

Background: A set of measures to prevent the formation of gross organic mental disorders in combat participants having traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health task. This study aims to conduct a catamnestic survey of retired combat participants who possess a history of TBI to determine the directions of prevention of dementia formation. Methods: Seventy-one retired combatants were surveyed at the time of their retirement and three years after their retirement. Clinical and experimental psychological methods were used. To identify the dynamics of cognitive disorders, the Short Sample Test was used (in the adaptation of Vanderlick), and Kotenev’s Questionnaire of Traumatic Stress was used for post-stress disorders –. The catamnestic method was applied via the study of outpatient cards and using a social survey of retired combatants three years after their dismissal. Results: It was found that 47.8% of participants in combat operations had neurosis-like disorders with impaired emotions, 26.8% – organic emotional-labile disorder, 25.4% – organic personality disorder, 26.7% – alcohol abuse, and 25.4% were disabled due to mental illness. Three years after their dismissal, their cognitive abilities had a significant negative dynamic with a marked decrease in the integral indicator of intellectual activity; emotional disorders, and signs of psychosocial maladaptation were detected. Conclusion: A catamnestic analysis of the mental health of participants in combat operations with traumatic brain injury in their history showed the presence of adverse psychosocial trends, a fact that requires the development of measures to improve the effectiveness of complex inter-professional therapy and rehabilitation. To prevent the formation of deep mental disorders with severe cognitive impairment and dementia, it is necessary to develop and improve the regulatory legal and information base for organizing psychiatric care.


Brain Injury ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Maskell ◽  
Pauline Chiarelli ◽  
Rosemary Isles

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nemkova ◽  
N. N. Zavadenko ◽  
O. I. Maslova ◽  
G. A. Karkashadze

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253206
Author(s):  
Jieyu Zhang ◽  
Yongkang Zhang ◽  
Juntao Zou ◽  
Fei Cao

Introduction Recently, some epidemiological studies have reported that cognitive disorders in elderly people is accelerated with traumatic brain injury. But the causal relationship between traumatic brain injury and AD is still an area of controversy. Aims Our review was conducted to estimate the relation between traumatic brain injury and risk of AD. Methods All longitudinal population-based studies comparing incidence of AD between subjects with and without traumatic brain injury from their inception to September 2020 were searched in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science without restriction of language. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results A total of 17 studies involving 4289,548 individuals were included. After pooling these 17 studies, subjects with traumatic brain injury had significant higher incidence of AD than those without traumatic brain injury (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.29). When considering the severity of traumatic brain injury, this elevated risk of AD was still significant comparing subjects with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury and those with no traumatic brain injury (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59). Conclusion Traumatic brain injury, especially moderate and severe traumatic brain injury may be associated with increased risk of AD.


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