1165 Molecular Diagnosis of Mutations in RB1 Gene in Retinoblastoma Patients and Their Relatives – Implications for Genetic Counseling

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S280 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pereira Sena ◽  
P. Ashton-Prolla ◽  
C.R. Bonvicino ◽  
F.R. Vargas
PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Parma ◽  
Marcela Ferrer ◽  
Leonela Luce ◽  
Florencia Giliberto ◽  
Irene Szijan

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2328-2328
Author(s):  
Manu Jamwal ◽  
Anu Aggarwal ◽  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
Pankaj Malhotra ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Diagnosis of inherited anemias is based on automated red cell indices, morphology and reticulocyte count in an appropriate clinical presentation and a stepwise diagnostic algorithm needs to be followed. Major inherited causes of hemolysis include the hemoglobinopathies, membranopathies and enzymopathies. In contrast, ineffective erythropoiesis, a term that refers to a disturbance in proliferation, differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts, includes megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, thalassemias, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA). Phenotypes vary from severe transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia (HA) to fully compensated hemolysis. Patients are encountered where the entire spectrum of diagnostic tests cannot identify the etiology. Causal genes implicated are numerous, making a gene-by-gene approach time consuming, expensive and laborious. Hence, the use of targeted resequencing can expedite molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis if indicated. Objectives This study aimed at determining the spectrum of mutations in uncommon HA and CDA. Methods Sixty-one patients (HA=44, CDA=17) with clinical and laboratory evidence suggestive of HA/CDA were enrolled after excluding common causes of anemias. Various biochemical and molecular tests were used to exclude glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune HA, hereditary spherocytosis and pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. Peripheral blood genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit, quantified on NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer and Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer. Common G6PD, PKLR variants, SEC23B mutation were excluded by molecular tests. Since the genetic defects in Indian patients with unexplained HA/CDA are not available, we first tested 16 patients with a comprehensive commercially available sequencing panel that covers 4,813 clinically-relevant genes. We next sought to streamline testing and designed a customized panel of 55 genes (Illumina). Variants were annotated and classified and the most likely disease-causing variants were validated by Sanger sequencing in the patient and available affected and unaffected family members. Results Out of 61 patient's sequenced, unexpected pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency were found in 11 patients. PK enzyme activity assay was within normal limits in all these cases. Three patients with G6PD deficiency, 2 patients with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase deficiency and 1 case with hexokinase deficiency were found. Of 5 patients with stomatocytes on peripheral blood film, 3 had Mediterranean stomatocytosis/ macrothrombocytopenia (ABCG5/ABCG8) and 2 were found to have overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (RHAG). We also found 6 cases of HA to have a mutation in erythrocyte membrane protein-coding genes. Heterozygous nonsense mutation in the ANK1 gene was found in 2 cases and compound heterozygous missense mutations in ANK1 were seen in 1. Missense mutations were also found in SPTB gene in other 3 cases. Xerocytosis or dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (PEIZO1) was found in 3 patients. Seventeen cases for suspected CDA were studied and SEC23B mutations were present in 7. In one patient only heterozygous mutation was found. There could be the possibility of intronic mutation or long deletion/insertion in her. Notably, 6 patients with CDA showed mutations in PKLR (n=3), 1 each had mutations in MTRR, SPTB and PIEZO1 genes. We also found a mutation in GATA1 gene in a patient of CDA with thrombocytopenia. Conclusion(s) HA/CDA showed highly varied etiology. Our experience demonstrates the high diagnostic yield (>75%) of targeted resequencing for molecular diagnosis of unexplained anemias. It is cost effective and can expedite the diagnosis where conventional testing is not helpful. Timely detection of the etiology was helpful in genetic counseling. It not only offered therapeutic benefits to our patients but may help us in future antenatal diagnosis if required. Therapeutic implications include performing splenectomy which can ameliorate the anemia in selected subgroups of patients (HS, PK deficiency, CDA type II). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Author(s):  
Е.А. Алексеева ◽  
К.О. Карандашева ◽  
О.В. Бабенко ◽  
В.М. Козлова ◽  
Т.Л. Ушакова ◽  
...  

Введение. Спорадическая ретинобластома развивается в результате мутаций de novo в обоих аллелях гена RB1 в клетках сетчатки глаза. При спорадической ретинобластоме первоначальная мутация в гене RB1 нередко является мозаичной, то есть образуется в постзиготической ранней эмбриональной клетке, что приводит к неравномерному распределению мутантных клонов между различными тканями организма. Возможность идентифицировать мозаичный вариант мутации в гене RB1 имеет значение как для медико-генетического консультирования, так и для клинического ведения пациентов, поскольку мозаицизм влияет на развитие клинической картины заболевания, риск развития опухоли в другом глазу и других опухолей и на риск передачи мутации следующему поколению. Цель: установить частоту и спектр постзиготических мозаичных мутаций в гене RB1 в выборке больных со спорадической ретинобластомой, определить содержание мутантного аллеля в образцах с мозаицизмом. Метод. Исследование проведено на материале ДНК лимфоцитов крови больных со спорадической ретинобластомой. Скрининг точковых мутаций, малых инсерций/делеций в гене RВ1 осуществляли методом полупроводникового высокопроизводительного параллельного секвенирования (ВПС). Исключение протяженных делеций в гене RВ1 проводили методом MLPA. Для поиска мозаичных мутаций с очень низким содержанием (менее 10%) мутантного аллеля был разработан и проведен углубленный анализ данных ВПС, основанный на биоинформатических и статистических подходах. Для верификации выявленных мозаичных патогенных мутаций использовали секвенирование ДНК по Сэнгеру. Результаты. В исследованной выборке больных со спорадической унилатеральной формой ретинобластомы мозаичные мутации встречаются чаще, чем при спорадической билатеральной форме; различия статистически достоверны. В то же время, частоты мозаичных мутаций с высокой и низкой представленностью мутантных аллелей между группами больных с унилатеральной и билатеральной ретинобластомой достоверно не различаются. Все мозаичные мутации, представлены нуль-аллелями; мозаичных миссенс-мутаций в нашей выборке не обнаружено. Не выявлено мозаичных мутаций в 1-м и 2-м экзонах гена RB1, расположенных проксимальнее альтернативного промотора, импринтинг которого определяет пенетрантность мутаций в зависимости от родительского происхождения мутантного аллеля. Заключение. Применение глубокого ВПС в сочетании с усовершенствованным алгоритмом анализа результатов, направленным на выявление мозаичных мутаций, повышает эффективность ДНК-диагностики ретинобластомы, способствуя совершенствованию медико-генетического консультирования и лечения больных. Background. Sporadic retinoblastoma develops as a result of de novo mutations in both alleles of the RB1 gene. Often in sporadic retinoblastoma, the initial mutation in RB1 is mosaic, that is, it is formed in a postzygotic, early embryonic cell, which leads to an uneven distribution of mutant clones between different tissues of the body. The ability to identify a mosaic variant of a mutation in the RB1 gene is important for both medical genetic counseling and clinical management of patients, since mosaicism affects the development of the clinical picture of the disease, the risk of developing a tumor in the other eye, as well as other tumors, and the risk of mutation transmission to the next generation. Aim: to establish the frequency and spectrum of somatic mosaic mutations in the RB1 gene in patients with sporadic retinoblastoma and to quantify the content of the mutant allele in cases with mosaicism. Methods. The study was carried out on the DNA of blood lymphocytes from patients with sporadic retinoblastoma. Screening of point mutations, small insertions/deletions in the RB1 gene was performed by semiconductor high-throughput parallel sequencing (NGS). Exclusion of gross deletions in the RB1 gene was performed by MLPA. To search for mosaic mutations with a very low representation (less than 10%) of the mutant allele, an in-depth analysis of the NGS data was developed an in-house algorithm based on bioinformatic and statistical approaches. To verify mosaic pathogenic mutations identified with NGS, Sanger sequencing was used. Results. Mosaic mutations were found more common among patients with sporadic unilateral form of retinoblastoma than in those with sporadic bilateral form; the differences are statistically significant. At the same time, the frequencies of mosaic mutations with a high and low representation of mutant alleles between the groups of patients with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma did not differ significantly. All mosaic mutations are null alleles; mosaic missense mutations were not found in our patients’ cohort. No mosaic mutations were detected in the 1st and 2nd exons of the RB1 gene, located proximal to the alternative promoter, the imprinting of which determines the penetrance of mutations depending on the parental origin of the mutant allele. Conclusion. The use of deep high-throughput parallel sequencing in combination with an improved algorithm for analyzing the NGS results, aimed at identifying mosaic mutations, increases the efficiency of DNA diagnostics of retinoblastoma, contributing to the improvement of medical genetic counseling and treatment of patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. 109352662110653
Author(s):  
Immanuel Pradeep ◽  
Kalpana Gowrishankar ◽  
Lakshmi Shanmugasundaram

Lethal restrictive dermopathy is genodermatoses associated with lamin protein defects resulting in connective tissue abnormalities of skin, musculoskeletal, and adipose tissue. We report one such case with a mutation in the ZMPSTE24 gene which is involved in lamin protein synthesis, resulting in fetal akinesia or hypokinesia deformation sequence. Early recognition in the perinatal period of distinctive clinical and skin histological features followed by molecular diagnosis enabled genetic counseling for the affected family.


Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Thierry Bienvenu ◽  
Maureen Lopez ◽  
Emmanuelle Girodon

Identification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and its numerous variants opened the way to fantastic breakthroughs in diagnosis, research and treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). The current and future challenges of molecular diagnosis of CF and CFTR-related disorders and of genetic counseling are here reviewed. Technological advances have enabled to make a diagnosis of CF with a sensitivity of 99% by using next generation sequencing in a single step. The detection of heretofore unidentified variants and ethnic-specific variants remains challenging, especially for newborn screening (NBS), CF carrier testing and genotype-guided therapy. Among the criteria for assessing the impact of variants, population genetics data are insufficiently taken into account and the penetrance of CF associated with CFTR variants remains poorly known. The huge diversity of diagnostic and genetic counseling indications for CFTR studies makes assessment of variant disease-liability critical. This is especially discussed in the perspective of wide genome analyses for NBS and CF carrier screening in the general population, as future challenges.


2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ping Chen ◽  
Ming-Chou Chiang ◽  
Tzu-Hao Wang ◽  
Chuen Hsueh ◽  
Shueen-Dyh Chang ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-702
Author(s):  
Flavia Maria Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽  
Patrícia Fernandes Rodrigues ◽  
Teresa Maria Momensohn dos Santos ◽  
Edi Lucia Sartorato ◽  
Andréa Trevas Maciel-Guerra ◽  
...  

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