Cross-sectional area of the right and left internal jugular veins

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio B. Lobato ◽  
Cheri A. Sulek ◽  
Rodney L. Moody ◽  
Timothy E. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal Jugular Veins

scholarly journals Estimation of the diameter and cross-sectional area of the internal jugular veins in adult patients

Critical Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. R197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Tartière ◽  
Philippe Seguin ◽  
Charlotte Juhel ◽  
Bruno Laviolle ◽  
Yannick Mallédant
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Jugular Veins

scholarly journals Sonographic Measurement of Cross-sectional Area of the Median Nerve in Academic Dentists Without Symptoms or Signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Akram Asbeutah ◽  
Mohsen Dashti ◽  
Abdullah AlMajran ◽  
Aref Ghayyath
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
The Right

The objective was to evaluate the distribution of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and flattening ratio (FR) of the median nerve (MN) in asymptomatic academic dentists using ultrasonography (US). Fifty academic dentists underwent US of the MN in transverse section at the pisiform bone level and the CSA (mm2) and FR were measured bilaterally. A CSA of <10 mm2 was considered normal. Paired t-test showed no statistical significance between either hand for CSA and FR ( P> .05). Two independent t-tests showed significant statistical differences ( P= .023) between males and females in the right dominant hand for CSA. Linear correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between CSA and FR for number of years of experience or number of working hours per day in either hand ( P>.05). The CSA was abnormal in the right dominant hand in 20 (40%) of the subjects. These male academic dentists were at increased risk of having an enlarged MN without symptoms.

scholarly journals Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Cong ◽  
Xingming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Qiu ◽  
Shun Dai ◽  
Chuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

scholarly journals Novel body positioning maximizes femoral venous size in adults: An ultrasonographic evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Hong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jun Wan Lee ◽  
Seung Woo Yoo ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Kun Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner ◽  
Leg Position

Introduction: Increased femoral vein size may lead to a higher first pass success rate during central venous cannulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body position on femoral vein anatomy for cannulation. Methods: This prospective study examined the femoral vein of healthy volunteers by ultrasound scanner. The changes in cross-sectional area and diameter of the femoral vein were evaluated. Right-sided measurements were taken at four different leg positions: neutral, frog leg, back-up, and back-up/frog leg position. Results: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean femoral vein cross-sectional area were 0.57 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.90 ± 0.26 cm2, 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, and 1.47 ± 0.34 cm2, and the mean femoral vein diameter were 0.75 ± 0.20 cm, 1.05 ± 0.28 cm, 1.25 ± 0.21 cm, and 1.46 ± 0.25 cm in order of neutral, back-up, frog leg, and back-up/frog leg position (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Performing the right femoral vein catheterization in back-up and frog leg position is associated with a greater cross-sectional area of the femoral vein.

Multifidus Muscle Size and Symmetry in Ballroom Dancers with and without Low Back Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 630-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Smyers Evanson ◽  
Joseph Myrer ◽  
Dennis Eggett ◽  
Ulrike Mitchell ◽  
A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Multifidus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe incidence of low back pain (LBP) among elite ballroom dancers is high and understanding associations between muscle morphology and pain may provide insight into treatment or training options. Research has linked multifidus muscle atrophy to LBP in the general and some athletic populations; however, this has not been examined in ballroom dancers. We compared the lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area (CSA) at rest in 57 elite level ballroom dancers (age 23±2.4 years; height, 174±11 cm; mass, 64±10 kg) divided into one of three pain groups, according to their self-reported symptoms, 1) LBP group (n=19), 2) minimal LBP (n=17), and 3) no LBP (n=21). There were no significant difference in demographics between the groups (P>0.05). The LBP group demonstrated significant differences in reported pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores compared to the other two groups. There was no significant difference between groups in multifidus cross-sectional area (P=0.49). Asymmetry was found in all groups with the overall left side being significantly larger than the right (P<0.002). Pain associated with segmental decrease in multifidus CSA was not observed in ballroom dancers with LBP, suggesting other reasons for persistent LBP in ballroom dancers.

Jugular venous pooling during lowering of the head affects blood pressure of the anesthetized giraffe

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R1058-R1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brøndum ◽  
J. M. Hasenkam ◽  
N. H. Secher ◽  
M. F. Bertelsen ◽  
C. Grøndahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

How blood flow and pressure to the giraffe's brain are regulated when drinking remains debated. We measured simultaneous blood flow, pressure, and cross-sectional area in the carotid artery and jugular vein of five anesthetized and spontaneously breathing giraffes. The giraffes were suspended in the upright position so that we could lower the head. In the upright position, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 193 ± 11 mmHg (mean ± SE), carotid flow was 0.7 ± 0.2 l/min, and carotid cross-sectional area was 0.85 ± 0.04 cm2. Central venous pressure (CVP) was 4 ± 2 mmHg, jugular flow was 0.7 ± 0.2 l/min, and jugular cross-sectional area was 0.14 ± 0.04 cm2 ( n = 4). Carotid arterial and jugular venous pressures at head level were 118 ± 9 and −7 ± 4 mmHg, respectively. When the head was lowered, MAP decreased to 131 ± 13 mmHg, while carotid cross-sectional area and flow remained unchanged. Cardiac output was reduced by 30%, CVP decreased to −1 ± 2 mmHg ( P < 0.01), and jugular flow ceased as the jugular cross-sectional area increased to 3.2 ± 0.6 cm2 ( P < 0.01), corresponding to accumulation of ∼1.2 l of blood in the veins. When the head was raised, the jugular veins collapsed and blood was returned to the central circulation, and CVP and cardiac output were restored. The results demonstrate that in the upright-positioned, anesthetized giraffe cerebral blood flow is governed by arterial pressure without support of a siphon mechanism and that when the head is lowered, blood accumulates in the vein, affecting MAP.

scholarly journals Regional hypoxic cerebral vasodilation facilitated by diameter changes primarily in anterior versus posterior circulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2025-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mikhail Kellawan ◽  
John W Harrell ◽  
Alejandro Roldan-Alzate ◽  
Oliver Wieben ◽  
William G Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The inability to quantify cerebral blood flow and changes in macrocirculation cross-sectional area in all brain regions impedes robust insight into hypoxic cerebral blood flow control. We applied four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging to quantify cerebral blood flow (ml • min−1) and cross-sectional area (mm2) simultaneously in 11 arteries. In healthy adults, blood pressure, O2 Saturation (SpO2), and end-tidal CO2 were measured at baseline and steady-state hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.11). We investigated left and right: internal carotid, vertebral, middle, anterior, posterior cerebral arteries, and basilar artery. Hypoxia (SpO2 = 80±2%) increased total cerebral blood flow from 621±38 to 742±50 ml • min−1 ( p < 0.05). Hypoxia increased cerebral blood flow, except in the right posterior cerebral arteries. Hypoxia increased cross-sectional area in the anterior arteries (left and right internal carotid arteries, left and right middle, p < 0.05; left and right anterior p = 0.08) but only the right vertebral artery of the posterior circulation. Nonetheless, relative cerebral blood flow distribution and vascular reactivity (Δ%cerebral blood flow • ΔSpO2−1) were not different between arteries. Collectively, moderate hypoxia: (1) increased cerebral blood flow, but relative distribution remains similar to normoxia, (2) evokes similar vascular reactivity between 11 arteries, and (3) increased cross-sectional area primarily in the anterior arteries. This study provides the first wide-ranging, quantitative, functional and structural data regarding intracranial arteries during hypoxia in humans, highlighting cerebral blood flow regulation of microcirculation and macrocirculation differs between anterior and posterior circulation.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson’s Disease patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C.J. Sijben ◽  
Werner H. Mess ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
A. Miranda L. Janssen ◽  
Mark Kuijf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have revealed the importance of the gut brain axis in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has also been suggested that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vagus nerve can be used in the diagnosis of PD. Here, we hypothesize that the CSA of the vagus nerve is decreased in PD patients compared to control subjects.MethodsIn this study we measured the CSA of the vagus nerve on both sides in 31 patients with PD and 51 healthy controls at the level of the common carotid artery using high-resolution ultrasound.ResultsThe CSA of the vagus nerve was not reduced in PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.391. The mean CSA of the left vagus nerve was significantly smaller than the right (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between age, gender and autonomic symptoms with the CSA of the left (p = 0.128) and right vagus nerve (p = 0.166).ConclusionThese findings show that the CSA of the vagus nerve using ultrasonography is not a reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of PD.HighlightsThe cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not decreased in Parkinson disease patients.The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve does not correlate with autonomic symptoms.Measurement of the vagus nerve cross-sectional area has a high inter-observer correlation.

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