Gender differences in the relationship between cognition and corpus callosum in healthy children and adolescents

Introduction.The index of ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) obtained by the progressive exercise test has been considered the gold standard in the prognosis of adults with heart failure, but few studies have evaluated this approach in children.Objective.To verify the scientific evidence about the VE/VCO2in pediatric and adolescents patients.Methods.A systematic literature review was carried out using the key words VE/VCO2, children, and adolescents using the PEDro and PubMed/MedLine databases. Clinical trials published from 1987 to 2014, including children, adolescents, and young adults up to 25 years, addressing the VE/VCO2index as a method of evaluation, monitoring, and prognosis were considered.Results.Initially, 95 articles were found; 12 were excluded as the title/abstract did not contain the VE/VCO2index or because they included patients greater than 25 years of age. From the remaining 83, 58 were repeated between the databases. The final sample consisted of 32 studies including healthy children and children with respiratory and other diseases.Conclusion.There are few studies involving cardiorespiratory assessment by ventilatory efficiency. The studies highlight the fact that high VE/VCO2values are associated with a worse prognosis of patients due to the relationship with the decrease in pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output.

Download Full-text

Left ventricular untwist in healthy children and adolescents born full-term

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2018-4-110-121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 110-121

Author(s):

E. N. Pavlyukova ◽

M. V. Kolosova ◽

A. I. Unasheva ◽

R. S. Karpov

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Speckle Tracking ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Full Term ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Speckle Tracking Imaging ◽

Myocardial Mass ◽

The Relationship

The aimof the study is to assess the left ventricle (LV) untwist in healthy children and adolescents born fullterm.Materials and methods.The analysis was carried out in 108 healthy children aged 2 months to 18 years, born full-term. LV untwist is assessed using Speckle Tracking Imaging at the basal and apical level.Results.Four types of LV untwist were identified in children and adolescents. We did not find relation between LV untwist and age, nor with LV index spherical in systole and diastole, LV myocardial mass. The relationship between LV untwisting and LV rotation in systole at basal and apical segments was revealed.Conclusion.The described features of LV loosening are apparently associated with processes of postnatal growth and maturation of heart tissues in children and adolescents.

Download Full-text

Sleep-related difficulties in healthy children and adolescents

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02529-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christiane Lewien ◽

Jon Genuneit ◽

Christof Meigen ◽

Wieland Kiess ◽

Tanja Poulain

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Parental Education ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Concern ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Adolescent Sample ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background As sleep-related difficulties are a growing public health concern, it is important to gain an overview of the specific difficulty areas of the most vulnerable individuals: children. The current descriptive study presents the prevalence of sleep-related difficulties in two large samples of healthy children and adolescents and outlines the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) on various sleep-related difficulties. Methods Participants were 855 4–9 year-old children (child sample) and 1,047 10–17 year-old adolescents (adolescent sample) participating 2011–2015 in the LIFE Child study, a population-based cohort study in Germany. Parents of the child participants completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), whereas adolescents self-administered the Sleep Self Report (SSR). Familial SES was determined by a composite score considering parental education, occupational status, and income. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to address the research question. Results Among 4−9 year-old children, the mean bedtime was reported to be 8 p.m., the mean wake-up time 7 a.m., and sleep duration decreased by 14 min/year of age. 22.6 % of the children and 20.0 % of the adolescents showed problematic amounts of sleep-related difficulties. In the child sample, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep-related anxiety, night waking, and parasomnia were more frequent in younger than older children. In the adolescent sample, difficulties at bedtime were more frequent among the younger adolescents, whereas daytime sleepiness was more prominent in the older than the younger adolescents. Considering gender differences, sleep-related difficulties were more frequent among boys in the child sample and among girls in the adolescent sample. Lower SES was associated with increased sleep-related difficulties in the adolescent, but not the child sample. Conclusions The present results report sleep-related difficulties throughout both childhood and adolescence. Gender differences can already be observed in early childhood, while effects of SES emerge only later in adolescence. The awareness for this circumstance is of great importance for pediatric clinicians who ought to early identify sleep-related difficulties in particularly vulnerable individuals.

Download Full-text

Gender Differences in the Relationship between Social Jet Lag, Depression, and Obesity in Korean Children and Adolescents

Journal of Sleep Medicine ◽

10.13078/jsm.15008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hye-Ra Ryu ◽

In-Yeong Kim ◽

Sooyeon Suh

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Jet Lag ◽

Korean Children ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

The relationship between temperament and character and psychotic-like experiences in healthy children and adolescents

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.C. Nitzburg ◽

C.B. Gopin ◽

B.D. Peters ◽

K.H. Karlsgodt ◽

AK Malhotra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Personality Correlates ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Personality Pattern ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundPrior work by our group identified personality profiles associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLE's) in healthy adults that were strikingly similar to those found in schizophrenia patients, with the exception of two key differences. Specifically, higher levels of PLE's were linked to higher persistence and cooperativeness, suggesting that these characteristics might represent personality-based resilience factors. Notably, age and personality were significantly correlated in these data, raising questions about whether healthy children and adolescents would show similar results. To date, no study has examined personality profiles associated with both positive and negative PLE's in healthy children and adolescents using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Thus, this study examined the relationship between TCI dimensions and PLE's in healthy children and adolescents.MethodThe TCI and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) were administered to 123 healthy children and adolescents aged 8–18. Multiple regression models were used to examine personality dimensions associated with overall severity of PLE's as well as severity of positive and negative PLE's separately.ResultsPositive, negative, and overall PLE severity were all associated with a personality pattern of higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness. Negative PLE severity was also associated with lower persistence.ConclusionsPersonality correlates of PLE's in healthy children and adolescents were largely consistent with our past work on PLE's in healthy adults. However, our previously identified resilience factors were notably absent in this sample. These findings may suggest that these personality characteristics have not yet crystallized or emerged to aid in coping with PLE's.

Download Full-text

Corpus Callosum Volumes in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Gender-Associated Differences and Clinical Correlations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-110363/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yun Zhang ◽

Bin Qin ◽

Longlun Wang ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Cui Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Autism Symptoms ◽

Verbal Iq ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Gender differences in clinical features is a prominent feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural tract connecting the left and right hemispheres associated with autism symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between gender-associated clinical features and CC size in children aged 2-4 years.Methods: A prospective study of 100 children aged 2-4 years, including 50 cases with ASD (ASD group) and 50 cases with typically developing (TD group) who were matched with equivalent samples of ASD, were recruited with assessments of demographic data (gender, age, and body mass index [BMI]), clinical features (full-scale/verbal/performance IQ, ADOS, and ADI-R), and CC size measured by Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data.Results: The mid-posterior CC (MPCC), anterior-middle CC (AMCC), and total CC (TCC) volumes in ASD were higher than that in TD, and the significance these sub-regions volumes between ASD-Females and ASD-Males was existed in ASD group (all P < 0.05). Analogously, the mean of verbal IQ score in ASD-Males was significantly higher than in ASD-Females, but the scores of ADOS communication (AC) and ADOS total (AT) were lower in ASD-Males (all P < 0.05). AC and AT scores were significantly and positively related to MPCC, AMCC and TCC volumes (all P < 0.05), but verbal IQ score was significantly and negatively associated with MPCC, AMCC and TCC volumes (all P < 0.05). In ASD-Males and -Females, both AC and AT scores increase with the change of MPCC, AMCC and TCC volumes, but VIQ decline.Conclusion: The language ability, including communication and verbal IQ, of ASD aged 2-4 years old has gender differences, which may be related to the CC size, especially the MPCC and AMCC.

Download Full-text