28 TENASCIN-C LEVELS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID ARE ELEVATED AFTER HUMAN JOINT INJURY AND CORRELATE WITH MARKERS OF MATRIX DEGRADATION AND INFLAMMATION

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell lineages including adipocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes, bones, and myoblasts. These properties make the cell a promising candidate for regenerative medicine applications, especially when dealing with sports injuries in the knee. MSCs can be isolated from almost every type of adult tissue. However, most of the current research focuses on MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose, and placenta derived products. Synovial fluid-derived MSCs (SF-MSCs) are relatively overlooked but have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties including possessing higher chondrogenic proliferation capabilities than other types of MSCs. Interestingly, SF-MSC population has shown to increase exponentially in patients with joint injury or disease, pointing to a potential use as a biomarker or as a treatment of some orthopaedic disorders. In this review, we go over the current literature on synovial fluid-derived MSCs including the characterization, the animal studies, and discuss future perspectives.

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Expression of large tenascin-C splice variants in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.20366 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 563-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Masahiro Hasegawa ◽

Yutaka Nakoshi ◽

Makoto Muraki ◽

Akihiro Sudo ◽

Noriaki Kinoshita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Synovial Fluid ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Tenascin C

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The release of crosslinked peptides from type II collagen into human synovial fluid is increased soon after joint injury and in osteoarthritis

Arthritis & Rheumatism ◽

10.1002/art.11326 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 3130-3139 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

L. Stefan Lohmander ◽

Lynne M. Atley ◽

Terri A. Pietka ◽

David R. Eyre

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Type Ii Collagen ◽

Type Ii ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Human Synovial Fluid

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Acute and sustained molecular changes in synovial fluid following acute knee injury mirror the murine joint injury response.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2014.02.035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S7-S8

Author(s):

F.E. Watt ◽

E. Paterson ◽

A. Freidin ◽

J. Saklatvala ◽

A. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Knee Injury ◽

Injury Response ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Molecular Changes ◽

Acute Knee ◽

Acute Knee Injury

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A NEW BIOCHEMICAL MARKER FOR JOINT INJURY. ANALYSIS OF YKL-40 IN SERUM AND SYNOVIAL FLUID

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/32.11.949 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 949-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

J. S. JOHANSEN ◽

H. S. JENSEN ◽

P. A. PRICE

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Biochemical Marker ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Injury Analysis

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Correlations between metabolites in the synovial fluid and serum: a mouse injury study

10.1101/2021.08.30.458234 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cameron W Wallace ◽

Brady D Hislop ◽

Alyssa K Hahn ◽

Ayten Ebru Erdogan ◽

Priyanka P Brahmachary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Synovial Fluid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Post Injury ◽

Amino Acid Synthesis ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Time Points ◽

Insight Into ◽

Synthesis And Degradation

Osteoarthritis, the most common degenerative joint disease, occurs more frequently in joints that have sustained injury. Currently, osteoarthritis is diagnosed with imaging that finds radiographic changes after the disease has already progressed to multiple tissues. The primary objective of this study was to compare potential metabolomic biomarkers of joint injury between the synovial fluid and serum in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The secondary objective was to gain insight into the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis by examining metabolomic profiles after joint injury. 12-week-old adult female C57BL/6 mice (n=12) were randomly assigned to control, day 1 post injury, or day 8 post injury groups. Randomly selected stifle (i.e., knee) joints were placed into a non-invasive injury apparatus and subjected to a single dynamic axial compression causing anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur to tear the anterior cruciate ligament. At days 1 and 8 post injury, serum was extracted then mice were immediately euthanized prior to synovial fluid collection. Metabolites were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We detected ~2500 metabolites across serum and synovial fluid. Of these metabolites 179 were positively correlated and 51 were negatively correlated between synovial fluid and serum, indicating potential for the development of metabolomic biomarkers. Synovial fluid appeared to capture differences in metabolomic profiles between injured mice at both day 1 and 8 after injury whereas serum did not. However, synovial fluid and serum were distinct at both days 1 and 8 after injury. In the synovial fluid, pathways of interest across different time points mapped to amino acid synthesis and degradation, bupropion degradation, and the tRNA charging pathway. In the serum, notable pathways across time points were amino acid synthesis and degradation, the phospholipase pathway, and nicotine degradation. These results provide a rich picture of the injury response at early time points following traumatic joint injury. Furthermore, the correlations between synovial fluid and serum metabolites suggest that there is potential to gain insight into intra-articular pathophysiology through analysis of serum metabolites.

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Tenascin-C induces inflammatory mediators and matrix degradation in osteoarthritic cartilage

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/1471-2474-12-164 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Lisha Patel ◽

Weiyong Sun ◽

Sonya S Glasson ◽

Elisabeth A Morris ◽

Carl R Flannery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Matrix Degradation ◽

Osteoarthritic Cartilage ◽

Tenascin C

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JOINT CARTILAGE LUBRICATION WITH PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Tribologia ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.7573 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 266 (2) ◽

pp. 145-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Krzysztof WIERZCHOLSKI

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Electrostatic Field ◽

Dynamic Viscosity ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Collagen Fibre ◽

Phospholipid Bilayer ◽

Power Exponent ◽

Hydrodynamic Description ◽

Fibre Concentration ◽

Human Joint

The surface of an articular cartilage human joint, coated with phospholipid bilayers or multi-layers, plays an important role in the surface-active phospholipid lubrication, friction, and wear during human limb movement. The biological bi-layer is a thin polar membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head (from the outside) and a hydrophobic tail (from the inside) consisting of two fatty acid chains. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. Synovial fluid (SF) in the human joint gap contains glycoprotein, lubricin (proteinglycan 4), and hyaluronidase, i.e. an enzyme that produces hialuron acid and ±10% phospholipids. Because the mechanism of surface articular phospholipid lubrication (SAPL) has been a frequently controversial subject in the past decade, this fact requires showing the hydrodynamic description in the form of a mathematical model of the abovementioned problem and its particular solution. To give a description of this model, it is necessary to recognize the variations of the dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid as a function of parameters depending on the presence of many phospholipid particles. To these parameters belong power (exponent) concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), cartilage wet ability (We), collagen fibre concentration in synovial fluid, and a created electrostatic field on the phospholipid membrane. Based on the Young-Laplace-Kelvin Law, initial achievements presented in scientific papers and our own investigations illustrated in this paper, the decrements, and increments of synovial fluid dynamic viscosities versus pH and wet ability (We) increases, simultaneously taking into account the influence of the intensity of charges in the electrostatic field. Moreover, this study considers the influence of collagen fibre concentration on the dynamic viscosity of synovial fluid. Based on initial considerations performed by virtue of the developed SAPL, it may be stated that the charge increments from low to high values of the electrostatic field is connected with viscosity increases of synovial fluid but only simultaneously with the pH index and cartilage wet ability variations.

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