scholarly journals Functional Interaction between RNA Polymerase α Subunit C-Terminal Domain and σ70 in UP-Element- and Activator-Dependent Transcription

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1621-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Richard H Ebright
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Terminal Domain

scholarly journals Interdependence of Activation at rhaSR by Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein, the RNA Polymerase Alpha Subunit C-Terminal Domain, and RhaR

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (23) ◽  
pp. 6774-6782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Holcroft ◽  
Susan M. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Cyclic Amp Receptor Protein ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Full Activation

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli rhaSR operon encodes two AraC family transcription activators, RhaS and RhaR, and is activated by RhaR in the presence of l-rhamnose. β-Galactosidase assays of various rhaS-lacZ promoter fusions combined with mobility shift assays indicated that a cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) site located at −111.5 is also required for full activation of rhaSR expression. To address the mechanisms of activation by CRP and the RNA polymerase α-subunit C-terminal domain (α-CTD) at rhaSR, we tested the effects of alanine substitutions in CRP activating regions 1 and 2, overexpression of a truncated version of α (α-Δ235), and alanine substitutions throughout α-CTD. We found that DNA-contacting residues in α-CTD are required for full activation, and for simplicity, we discuss α-CTD as a third activator of rhaSR. CRP and RhaR could each partially activate transcription in the absence of the other two activators, and α-CTD was not capable of activation alone. In the case of CRP, this suggests that this activation involves neither an α-CTD interaction nor cooperative binding with RhaR, while in the case of RhaR, this suggests the likelihood of direct interactions with core RNA polymerase. We also found that CRP, RhaR, and α-CTD each have synergistic effects on activation by the others, suggesting direct or indirect interactions among all three. We have some evidence that the α-CTD–CRP and α-CTD–RhaR interactions might be direct. The magnitude of the synergistic effects was usually greater with just two activators than with all three, suggesting possible redundancies in the mechanisms of activation by CRP, α-CTD, and RhaR.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of the in vivo-assembled Bacillus subtilis Spx/RNA polymerase α subunit C-terminal domain complex

2009 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Lamour ◽  
Lars F. Westblade ◽  
Elizabeth A. Campbell ◽  
Seth A. Darst
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Terminal Domain

scholarly journals Involvement of the RNA Polymerase α-Subunit C-Terminal Domain in LuxR-Dependent Activation of the Vibrio fischeri Luminescence Genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (15) ◽  
pp. 4704-4707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Stevens ◽  
Nobuyuki Fujita ◽  
Akira Ishihama ◽  
E. P. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Terminal Domain

ABSTRACT LuxR is a ς70 RNA polymerase (RNAP)-dependent transcriptional activator that controls expression of the Vibrio fischeri lux operon in response to an acylhomoserine lactone-cell density signal. We have investigated whether the α-subunit C-terminal domain (αCTD) of RNAP is required for LuxR activity. A purified signal-independent, LuxR C-terminal domain-containing polypeptide (LuxRΔN) was used to study the activation of transcription from theluxI promoter in vitro. Initiation of luxoperon transcription was observed in the presence of LuxRΔN and wild-type RNAP but not in the presence of LuxRΔN and RNAPs with truncated αCTDs. We also studied the in vivo role of the RNAP αCTD in activation of lux transcription in Escherichia coli. This enabled a comparison of results obtained with full-length LuxR to those obtained with LuxRΔN. These in vivo studies indicated that both LuxR and LuxRΔN require the RNAP αCTD for activity. The results of DNase I protection studies showed that LuxRΔN-RNAP complexes can bind and protect the luxIpromoter, but with less efficacy when the αCTD is truncated in comparison to the wild type. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that LuxR-dependent transcriptional activation of the lux operon involves the RNAP αCTD and suggest that αCTD-LuxR interactions may play a role in recruitment of RNAP to theluxI promoter.

scholarly journals Interactions between the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein and the C-terminal domain of the α subunit of RNA polymerase at Class I promoters

1999 ◽  
Vol 337 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. LAW ◽  
Nigel J. SAVERY ◽  
Stephen J. W. BUSBY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Camp Receptor Protein ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Up Elements ◽  
Camp Receptor

The Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is a factor that activates transcription at over 100 target promoters. At Class I CRP-dependent promoters, CRP binds immediately upstream of RNA polymerase and activates transcription by making direct contacts with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase α subunit (αCTD). Since αCTD is also known to interact with DNA sequence elements (known as UP elements), we have constructed a series of semi-synthetic Class I CRP-dependent promoters, carrying both a consensus DNA-binding site for CRP and a UP element at different positions. We previously showed that, at these promoters, the CRP–αCTD interaction and the CRP–UP element interaction contribute independently and additively to transcription initiation. In this study, we show that the two halves of the UP element can function independently, and that, in the presence of the UP element, the best location for the DNA site for CRP is position -69.5. This suggests that, at Class I CRP-dependent promoters where the DNA site for CRP is located at position -61.5, the two αCTDs of RNA polymerase are not optimally positioned. Two experiments to test this hypothesis are presented.

scholarly journals Exploring the Amino Acid Residue Requirements of the RNA Polymerase (RNAP) α Subunit C-Terminal Domain for Productive Interaction between Spx and RNAP of Bacillus subtilis

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cierra A. Birch ◽  
Madison J. Davis ◽  
Lea Mbengi ◽  
Peter Zuber
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Codon Substitution

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis Spx is a global transcriptional regulator that is conserved among Gram-positive bacteria, in which Spx is required for preventing oxidatively induced proteotoxicity. Upon stress induction, Spx engages RNA polymerase (RNAP) through interaction with the C-terminal domain of the rpoA-encoded RNAP α subunit (αCTD). Previous mutational analysis of rpoA revealed that substitutions of Y263 in αCTD severely impaired Spx-activated transcription. Attempts to substitute alanine for αCTD R261, R268, R289, E255, E298, and K294 were unsuccessful, suggesting that these residues are essential. To determine whether these RpoA residues were required for productive Spx-RNAP interaction, we ectopically expressed the putatively lethal rpoA mutant alleles in the rpoAY263C mutant, where “Y263C” indicates the amino acid change that results from mutation of the allele. By complementation analysis, we show that Spx-bound αCTD amino acid residues are not essential for Spx-activated transcription in vivo but that R261A, E298A, and E255A mutants confer a partial defect in NaCl-stress induction of Spx-controlled genes. In addition, strains expressing rpoAE255A are defective in disulfide stress resistance and produce RNAP having a reduced affinity for Spx. The E255 residue corresponds to Escherichia coli αD259, which has been implicated in αCTD-σ70 interaction (σ70 R603, corresponding to R362 of B. subtilis σA). However, the combined rpoAE255A and sigAR362A mutations have an additive negative effect on Spx-dependent expression, suggesting the residues' differing roles in Spx-activated transcription. Our findings suggest that, while αCTD is essential for Spx-activated transcription, Spx is the primary DNA-binding determinant of the Spx-αCTD complex. IMPORTANCE Though extensively studied in Escherichia coli, the role of αCTD in activator-stimulated transcription is largely uncharacterized in Bacillus subtilis. Here, we conduct phenotypic analyses of putatively lethal αCTD alanine codon substitution mutants to determine whether these residues function in specific DNA binding at the Spx-αCTD-DNA interface. Our findings suggest that multisubunit RNAP contact to Spx is optimal for activation while Spx fulfills the most stringent requirement of upstream promoter binding. Furthermore, several αCTD residues targeted for mutagenesis in this study are conserved among many bacterial species and thus insights on their function in other regulatory systems may be suggested herein.

Interaction of the C-terminal domain of the E. coli RNA polymerase α subunit with the UP element: recognizing the backbone structure in the minor groove surface11Edited by R. Ebright

2001 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yasuno ◽  
Toshio Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Takashi S Kodama ◽  
Akimasa Matsugami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Minor Groove ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Backbone Structure
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