20.4 Working and living conditions for female Austrian doctors

EP Europace ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. A33
Author(s):  
M HOCHLEITNER
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Everyday Life in Wartime Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Mick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses everyday life under foreign occupation during the Second World War. Living conditions were very different depending on class, race, location, and time. People living in Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union were not only much more exposed to terror and mass crimes; their standards of living were also much lower than in western Europe. Some experiences, however, were shared. The chapter focuses on certain common daily experiences: procuring food and other daily necessities; the relationship between peasants and urban populations; the working and living conditions in cities and towns; the role of families and the importance of networks; and the impact of terror, destruction, and insecurity on society and individuals. Living under foreign occupation partly corrupted the moral standards governing human relations, but there was also solidarity which focused on a core group of people consisting of family and close friends.

About the so-called. tendovaginitis crepitans in metalworkers

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
A. I. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Occupational diseases play a fairly prominent role in the morbidity of workers in various sectors of our economy. Therefore, the study of etiological and contributing moments is a necessary condition for their prevention and the creation of the correct working and living conditions. Diseases of the tendon sheaths constitute one of the important chapters of occupational health and social pathology, however, our knowledge of the origin and nature of tendovaginitis is still far from complete resolution, and numerous works on this issue, which have appeared recently both in foreign literature (Frisch, Sattler, Hauck), and in Russian (Shugaev, Israilson, Golyanitsky and Obolenskaya, Konshin, etc.) they convincingly emphasize this position.

Perceived incentives and willingness of university medical students toward working in rural primary healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zou ◽  
Dandi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Limited Service

Abstract Background Primary healthcare (PHC) is vital for providing more equitable, accessible and affordable healthcare to the population. However, there is a general lacking and disparity of distribution of PHC workforce, especially for rural areas in China as it is very hard to attract and retain high quality medical students to rural PHC. This study was to investigate the willingness of university medical students toward working in rural PHC and their perceived incentives and compare that between medical programmes. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted in a leading medical university of Western China in 2017. All second-year Preventive Medicine (MBP, 5 years programme) and third-year Doctorate of Medicine (MD, 8 years programme) students participated. The willingness and perceived incentives toward working in rural PHC were analysed and compared between students of the two programmes. Results A total of 201 students, including 115 MBP and 86 MD students, participated in the study. The overall willingness rate toward working in rural PHC was 16%. More MBP (23%) than MD students (7%) expressed willingness without mention of incentives (p<0.05). The most preferred incentives were adequate remuneration (62%), non-inferior working and living conditions to urban area (58%), limited service years (56%) and privilege to postgraduate education and promotion (55%), though 13% expressed willingness under no circumstances. More MBP than MD students preferred to postgraduate education and promotion (65% vs. 43%, p<0.05) and limited service years (63% vs. 56%, p<0.05), but similar in other incentives (p>0.05). The willingness rate increased from 2%~5%, 9%~14%, 27%~25%, to 81% with single-, two-, three-, four- incentives as mentioned above, and similar between students of the two programmes. Conclusions The willingness of university medical students to work in rural PHC was low. However, more MBP students show willingness than MD students. Multiple incentives including adequate remuneration, opportunities of postgraduate education and promotion, proper working and living conditions and limited service years may be much more effective than any single incentive to attract university medical students especially MBP students to rural PHC service. Further investigation of appropriate incentives in details and interventional studies are warranted to inform relevant policy making.

Ambivalenzen der Eigenverantwortung

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Different sociological analyses agree with the observation that the idea of autonomy is no longer an ideal or individual claim, but rather an omnipresent obligation in contemporary, flexible capitalism. The rising importance of autonomy is apparently, however, linked not only to increasing personal freedom but also to new diseases as burn-out and depression. The book reconstructs different dimensions of the idea of autonomy and asks how individuals in precarious working and living conditions perceive and negotiate different autonomy imperatives in everyday practice.

Maritime Labour Convention

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-1018
Author(s):  
Alexandros X.M. Ntovas
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Quality Shipping ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The Maritime Labour Convention (Convention) is a global legal instrument developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva. It was drafted with a view to completing the international regulatory regime for quality shipping as the “fourth pillar,” standing next to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. Its two fundamental aims are to ensure comprehensive and worldwide protection of the rights of seafarers, and in doing so, to also allow a level playing field for states and ship owners committed to providing decent working and living conditions for seafarers by protecting them from unfair competition on the part of substandard ships. To this end, the establishment of firm rules that can be flexibly implemented by state parties, while at the same time providing rigorous compliance and enforcement procedures to safeguard their integrity and efficiency, are important aspects underlying the Convention.

scholarly journals In-between Figure Working in a Precarious Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Solveig Gade
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Performance Theory ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Actual Working ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Ideal

This essay is preoccupied with a notion that is often embraced in theatre and performance theory: that of the dramaturge as a flexible, in-between figure. Taking into consideration, however, the precarious working and living conditions that freelance dramaturgs are typically subjected to as well as the structural parallels between the flexible dramaturg and the ideal of the agile post-Fordist employee, the article sets out to critically investigate the concept of inbetween-ness. Theoretically, the essay draws on theory formations from theatre and performance theory on new dramaturgies as well as theories from political theory and performance theory concerning the precarious working conditions experienced by a majority of cultural workers today. Empirically, the essay builds on two surveys conducted amongst dramaturgs working in the field of Danish theatre and dance with a view to shedding light on their working conditions, particularly with regards to wages and credit policy. The data obtained in the two surveys is analysed and discussed against the background of the two theoretical strands laid out in the first part of the article. In conclusion, the article ventures the claim that if we wish to create sustainable working conditions for dramaturgs, especially those working on a freelance basis, we need to critically address not only their actual working conditions, but also the notions and concepts through which dramaturgs tend to self-identify.

scholarly journals Experiences and Challenges of Foreign Agricultural Workers in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Tiina E. A. Mattila ◽  
Ulla Ovaska ◽  
Birgitta Kinnunen ◽  
Veli-Matti Tuure ◽  
Jarkko Leppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
And Training

HighlightsBetter control of musculoskeletal workload remains a key factor in improving working conditions on Finnish farms.Orientation and training of workers should be carefully prepared with attention to content, method, and timing.Continued training is needed, especially for foremen and the increasing number of long-term foreign workers.Abstract. Foreign workers have become an important part of the workforce on horticulture and livestock farms in Finland. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of foreign workers regarding their working and living conditions. We conducted semi-structured theme interviews during two time periods: in 2008-2009 (n = 40 workers on eight farms) and again in 2018-2019 (n = 9 workers on four farms). We found variations in expectations and goals among workers when they take a job abroad. Compelling factors in the origin country included unemployment, low wages, and low standards of living, and enticing factors in the destination country included social relationships and expectations of better income. Personal networks had a strong role in the recruiting processes. Work on farms is physically demanding, and being a foreign worker affects social life in many ways, such as being separated from family and facing pressures from the home community to arrange jobs for others. New communication technologies have improved possibilities to stay in contact. Employers could contribute to better working and living conditions for foreign workers by improving work organization, ergonomics at work, orientation of new workers, and continued training of supervisors. Worker orientation and training should be carefully planned, taking into consideration the limited language skills, work competence requirements, and possibilities for career advancement of the workers. Keywords: Descriptive study, Foreign farm workers, Horticulture, Occupational safety.

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