scholarly journals Relationship between levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, age, and gender, with symptoms of depression among patients with thyroid disorders as measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Sanisah Saidi ◽  
Siti Nur Iliani Jaafar ◽  
Azlina Daud ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Nik Noor Fatnoon Nik Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

scholarly journals The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post-COVID-19 World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Ali ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees ◽  
Hiroaki Hori ◽  
Yoshiharu Kim ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Despite extensive investigations of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) since its development in 1995, its factor structure and other psychometric properties still need to be firmly established, with several calls for revising its item structure. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examined the factor structure of the DASS-21 and five shortened versions of the DASS-21 among psychiatric patients (N = 168) and the general public (N = 992) during the COVID-19 confinement period in Saudi Arabia. Multigroup CFA, Mann Whitney W test, Spearman’s correlation, and coefficient alpha were used to examine the shortened versions of the DASS-21 (DASS-13, DASS-12, DASS-9 (two versions), and DASS-8) for invariance across age and gender groups, discriminant validity, predictive validity, item coverage, and internal consistency, respectively. Compared with the DASS-21, all three-factor structures of the shortened versions expressed good fit, with the DASS-8 demonstrating the best fit and highest item loadings on the corresponding factors in both samples (χ2(16, 15) = 16.5, 67.0; p = 0.420, 0.000; CFI= 1.000, 0.998; TLI = 0.999, 0.997; RMSEA = 0.013, 0.059, SRMR = 0.0186, 0.0203). It expressed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and gender groups. Its internal consistency was comparable to other versions (α = 0.94). Strong positive correlations of the DASS-8 and its subscales with the DASS-21 and its subscales (r = 0.97 to 0.81) suggest adequate item coverage and good predictive validity of this version. The DASS-8 and its subscales distinguished the clinical sample from the general public at the same level of significance expressed by the DASS-21 and other shortened versions, supporting its discriminant validity. Neither the DASS-21 nor the shortened versions distinguished patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety from other conditions. The DASS-8 represents a valid short version of the DASS-21, which may be useful in research and clinical practice for quick identification of individuals with potential psychopathologies. Diagnosing depression/anxiety disorders may be further confirmed in a next step by clinician-facilitated examinations. Brevity of the DASS-21 would save time and effort used for filling the questionnaire and support comprehensive assessments by allowing the inclusion of more measures on test batteries.

scholarly journals The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-Item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post COVID-19 World

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10142
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees ◽  
Hiroaki Hori ◽  
Yoshiharu Kim ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Despite extensive investigations of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) since its development in 1995, its factor structure and other psychometric properties still need to be firmly established, with several calls for revising its item structure. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examined the factor structure of the DASS-21 and five shortened versions of the DASS-21 among psychiatric patients (N = 168) and the general public (N = 992) during the COVID-19 confinement period in Saudi Arabia. Multigroup CFA, Mann Whitney W test, Spearman’s correlation, and coefficient alpha were used to examine the shortened versions of the DASS-21 (DASS-13, DASS-12, DASS-9 (two versions), and DASS-8) for invariance across age and gender groups, discriminant validity, predictive validity, item coverage, and internal consistency, respectively. Compared with the DASS-21, all three-factor structures of the shortened versions expressed good fit, with the DASS-8 demonstrating the best fit and highest item loadings on the corresponding factors in both samples (χ2(16, 15) = 16.5, 67.0; p = 0.420, 0.001; CFI = 1.000, 0.998; TLI = 0.999, 0.997; RMSEA = 0.013, 0.059, SRMR = 0.0186, 0.0203). The DASS-8 expressed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and gender groups. Its internal consistency was comparable to other versions (α = 0.94). Strong positive correlations of the DASS-8 and its subscales with the DASS-21 and its subscales (r = 0.97 to 0.81) suggest adequate item coverage and good predictive validity of this version. The DASS-8 and its subscales distinguished the clinical sample from the general public at the same level of significance expressed by the DASS-21 and other shortened versions, supporting its discriminant validity. Neither the DASS-21 nor the shortened versions distinguished patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety from each other or from other psychiatric conditions. The DASS-8 represents a valid short version of the DASS-21, which may be useful in research and clinical practice for quick identification of individuals with potential psychopathologies. Diagnosing depression/anxiety disorders may be further confirmed in a next step by clinician-facilitated examinations. Brevity of the DASS-21 would save time and effort used for filling the questionnaire and support comprehensive assessments by allowing the inclusion of more measures on test batteries.

Screening of thyroid disorders in age and gender groups in a teaching hospital of Nowshera

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Fawad Khan ◽  
Zahid Khan ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Waseemyar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

 Background: In Pakistan 28.7% of the population had some degree of goiter. Out of those 40% of the nodules behaved hyperthyroidism based on the lower-than-normal values of thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH). Present study was designed as to determine the screening of thyroid disorders on the basis Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in age and gender groups in a hospital-based study. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from March 2019 to Jan 2020. Total 392 cases, 167 (42.6%) males and 225 (57.4%) females were included. All patients referred to pathology laboratory for measurement of TSH levels irrespective of age and gender were included to measure incidence of hyper, hypo or euthyroid status. Exclusion criteria were patients taking medications or iodine supplementation. Numerical variables like age and TSH values were presented with Mean with SD, Median and range. Inferential statistics and correlation statistics (chi-Square, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation) were used to determine the difference of TSH values in gender and age groups. Results: Mean age of the patients was 31+8.1 years. Mean TSH was 5.22+16.5 ng/ml. The difference of TSH values in the age categories using one way ANOVA statistics was insignificant (p = 0.15). Mann Whitney U Test confirmed that the distribution of TSH is the same across the categories of gender (p=0.001). Total 55 (14%) patients were hyperthyroid, and 23 (5.9%) mild hypothyroid and 30 (7.7%) hypothyroid. Chi square test showed the relation of gender with hypo and hyperthyroidism as statistically isignificant ( p= 0.18, p=0.8) respectively. Spearman ranked correlation test showed a mild to moderate inverse correlation of hypothyroidism with increase in age categories (p=0.88, r=-0.47) and a moderate uphill correlation of hyperthyroidism with increase in age categories, again statistically insignificant (p= 0.31, r=0.51). Conclusion: We observed a skewed distribution of TSH in our population. On the basis of the TSH values the thyroid disorders were categorized in hyper and hypothyroidism. There was a negative correlation of Hypothyroidsim (TSH<0.4) with age. While a positive correlation of age was noted with hyperthyroidism. While no significant relationship of hyper or hypothyroidism was noted in gender groups.

scholarly journals Influence of Serum Levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies, Age and Gender on Depression as Measured by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Shinkov ◽  
Anna-Maria I. Borisova ◽  
Russanka D. Kovacheva ◽  
Yordan D. Vlahov ◽  
Lilia N. Dakovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 ± 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 ± 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points - no depression, between 50 and 59 points - mild depression, between 60 and 69 points - moderate depression and more than 69 points - severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. RESULTS: SDS was higher in the females (47.6 ± 9.7 vs. 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects’ age (Spearman’s ρfemale = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρmale = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. CONCLUSION: The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females

Thyroid-stimulating hormone reference range and factors affecting it in a nationwide random sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville L. Langén ◽  
Teemu J. Niiranen ◽  
Juhani Mäki ◽  
Jouko Sundvall ◽  
Antti M. Jula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractPrevious studies with mainly selected populations have proposed contradicting reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and have disagreed on how screening, age and gender affect them. This study aimed to determine a TSH reference range on the Abbott Architect ci8200 integrated system in a large, nationwide, stratified random sample. To our knowledge this is the only study apart from the NHANES III that has addressed this issue in a similar nationwide setting. The effects of age, gender, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-positivity and medications on TSH reference range were also assessed.TSH was measured from 6247 participants randomly drawn from the population register to represent the Finnish adult population. TSH reference ranges were established of a thyroid-healthy population and its subpopulations with increasing and cumulative rigour of screening: screening for overt thyroid disease (thyroid-healthy population, n=5709); screening for TPOAb-positivity (risk factor-free subpopulation, n=4586); and screening for use of any medications (reference subpopulation, n=1849).The TSH reference ranges of the thyroid-healthy population, and the risk factor-free and reference subpopulations were 0.4–4.4, 0.4–3.7 and 0.4–3.4 mU/L (2.5th–97.5th percentiles), respectively. Although the differences in TSH between subgroups for age (p=0.002) and gender (p=0.005) reached statistical significance, the TSH distribution curves of the subgroups were practically superimposed.We propose 0.4–3.4 mU/L as a TSH reference range for adults for this platform, which is lower than those presently used in most laboratories. Our findings suggest that intensive screening for thyroid risk factors, especially for TPOAb-positivity, decreases the TSH upper reference limit.

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE AS AIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID DISORDERS

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN HUDSON ◽  
DORA WINIKOFF ◽  
H. PINCUS TAFT ◽  
F. I. R. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

scholarly journals Lithium and the thyroid

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Paton ◽  
Dominic Beer
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The common thyroid disorders are all autoimmune in origin, with the lifetime risk of thyroid disease being 1–2%. Thyroid autoantibodies are present in 9% of the adult population and 12.7% of women, with the frequency rising steeply in women over 45 years of age (Myers & West, 1987). In addition, 20% of the over 60–year-olds have an abnormal (raised) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The presence of both raised TSH and thyroid autoantibodies is associated with the development of clinical hypothyroidism at the rate of 5% per year (Myers & West, 1987).

Suicide and sudden death bereavement in Australia: A longitudinal study of family members over 2 years after death

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairi Kõlves ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Victoria Ross ◽  
Jacinta Hawgood ◽  
Susan H Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Grief Reactions ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Grief reactions change over time. However, only a limited number of studies, and none in Australia, have analysed changes in individual grief reactions longitudinally. The aim is to examine changes in grief reactions, mental health and suicidality of close family members bereaved by suicide, 6, 12 and 24 months after their loss compared with those bereaved by other forms of sudden death, adjusting for confounding factors. Method: Participants were 142 adult family members bereaved by suicide and 63 by other sudden death, followed up at 6, 12 and 24 months in Queensland, Australia. The Grief Experience Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation were used as main outcomes. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions were utilized for statistical analyses. Results: There were significant differences in rejection, stigmatization, shame and responsibility between the suicide and sudden death bereaved over the 2-year period, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Rejection, stigmatization, search for explanation, somatic reactions and symptoms of depression and anxiety (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) declined significantly over time in both groups. Rejection and somatic reactions showed group-by-time interaction effects, with a decrease in the suicide bereaved and no change in the sudden death bereaved. Loss of social support and suicidal ideation did not show a group or time effect. Conclusion: Although our findings confirm that there are several common dimensions to experiencing a sudden death of a family member, several differences were found between the suicide and non-suicide sudden death bereaved including significantly higher levels of rejection, stigmatization, shame and responsibility remaining in the suicide compared to sudden death bereaved 2 years after their loss. These findings should be considered in clinical practice and when designing postvention services in Australia.

scholarly journals Psychological problems among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed Arafa ◽  
El-Sayed Atlam ◽  
Nader El-Qerafi ◽  
Momen El-Shazly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Abstract: Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency and constitutes a challenge to psychological health. This study aimed to assess the psychological conditions among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: During the period between the 4th and 18th of June 2020, the students at Umm AlQura University in Saudi Arabia were invited to complete an online survey. The survey assessed their sociodemographic characteristics, educational disciplines, and manifestations of depression, anxiety, and stress as determined by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: The study included 936 students. Of them, 41.1% had depressive symptoms (31.7% mild to moderate and 9.4% severe to very severe), 26.9% had anxiety symptoms (15.8% mild to moderate and 11.1% severe to very severe), and 22.4% had stress symptoms (15.2% mild to moderate and 7.2% severe to very severe). Students who reported having a friend or relative infected with or died from COVID-19, watching or reading news about the pandemic ≥2 hours/day, and not having emotional support from family, university, and society were more likely to show psychological problems. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were common among Saudi university students. Psychological counseling and support should be provided to university students in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Stress; COVID-19; University students; Saudi Arabia

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