Chapter 8 The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fluid Intake and Fluid Balance

2009 ◽  
pp. 365-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Takei ◽  
Richard J. Balment
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation

Epidermal growth factor and fluid balance: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
CB Gow ◽  
GPM Moore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Newborn Animal ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Lambs suffer from high mortality rates within the first 2-3 days after birth. The importance of sucking behaviour for the ingestion of colostrum and subsequently milk by the newborn animal is therefore seen as crucial for its survival and development. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a component of colostrum and milk (Read 1988; Gow et al. 1991) where it is thought to function as a promoter of gut maturation in young animals following ingestion. We recently reported (Gow and Moore 1992) a new physiological function for EGF, that of stimulating fluid intake in adult sheep. Here we present a review of the functions of EGF, particularly as they relate to lactation, body growth, appetite and fluid balance. We hypothesise that another function of EGF in mammary secretions may be to regulate body growth by altering sucking behaviour and activity in the neonate.

scholarly journals Fluid Balance and Sodium Losses During Indoor Tennis Match Play

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J.E. Lott ◽  
Stuart D.R. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Tennis Match

This study assessed fluid balance, sodium losses, and effort intensity during indoor tennis match play (17 ± 2 °C, 42% ± 9% relative humidity) over a mean match duration of 68.1 ± 12.8 min in 16 male tennis players. Ad libitum fluid intake was recorded throughout the match. Sweat loss from change in nude body mass; sweat electrolyte content from patches applied to the forearm, calf, and thigh, and back of each player; and electrolyte balance derived from sweat, urine, and daily food-intake analysis were measured. Effort intensity was assessed from on-court heart rate compared with data obtained during a maximal treadmill test. Sweat rate (M ± SD) was 1.1 ± 0.4 L/hr, and fluid-ingestion rate was 1.0 ± 0.6 L/hr (replacing 93% ± 47% of fluid lost), resulting in only a small mean loss in body mass of 0.15% ± 0.74%. Large interindividual variabilities in sweat rate (range 0.3–2.0 L/hr) and fluid intake (range 0.31–2.52 L/hr) were noted. Whole-body sweat sodium concentration was 38 ± 12 mmol/L, and total sodium losses during match play were 1.1 ± 0.4 g (range 0.5–1.8 g). Daily sodium intake was 2.8 ± 1.1 g. Indoor match play largely consisted of low-intensity exercise below ventilatory threshold (mean match heart rate was 138 ± 24 beats/min). This study shows that in moderate indoor temperature conditions players ingest sufficient fluid to replace sweat losses. However, the wide range in data obtained highlights the need for individualized fluid-replacement guidance.

Fluid Intake But Not Fluid Balance Is Associated With Poor Outcome in Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. e555-e562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Rass ◽  
Max Gaasch ◽  
Mario Kofler ◽  
Alois Josef Schiefecker ◽  
Bogdan-Andrei Ianosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Poor Outcome

Postexercise rehydration in man: the effects of carbohydrate content and osmolality of drinks ingested ad libitum

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gethin H. Evans ◽  
Susan M. Shirreffs ◽  
Ronald J. Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Fluid Intake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effectiveness of different carbohydrate solutions in restoring fluid balance in situations of voluntary fluid intake has not been examined previously. The effect of the carbohydrate content of drinks ingested after exercise was examined in 6 males and 3 females previously dehydrated by 1.99 ± 0.07% of body mass via intermittent exercise in the heat. Beginning 30 min after the cessation of exercise, subjects drank ad libitum for a period of 120 min. Drinks contained 31 mmol·L–1 Na+ as NaCl and either 0%, 2%, or 10% glucose with mean ± SD osmolalities of 74 ± 1, 188 ± 3, and 654 ± 4 mosm·kg–1, respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after exercise, midway through rehydration, and throughout a 5 h recovery period. Total fluid intake was not different among trials (0%: 2258 ± 519 mL; 2%: 2539 ± 436 mL; 10%: 2173 ± 252 mL; p = 0.173). Urine output was also not different among trials (p = 0.160). No differences among trials were observed in net fluid balance or in the fraction of the ingested drink retained. In conclusion, in situations of voluntary fluid intake, hypertonic carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions are as effective as hypotonic carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions at restoring whole-body fluid balance.

scholarly journals The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme and bradykinin receptor B2 gene variants on voluntary fluid intake and fluid balance in healthy men during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adora M.W. Yau ◽  
Andrew D. Moss ◽  
Lewis John James ◽  
William Gilmore ◽  
Jason J. Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Bradykinin Receptor

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and bradykinin receptor B2 (B2R) genetic variation may affect thirst because of effects on angiotensin II production and bradykinin activity, respectively. To examine this, 45 healthy Caucasian men completed 60 min of cycle exercise at 62% ± 5% peak oxygen uptake in a room heated to 30.5 ± 0.3 °C with ad libitum fluid intake. Blood samples were collected pre-, mid-, and immediately post-cycle. Fluid intake, body mass loss (BML), sweat loss (determined via changes in body mass and fluid intake), and thirst sensation were recorded. All participants were genotyped for the ACE insert fragment (I) and the B2R insert sequence (P). Participants were homozygous for the wild-type allele (WW or MM), heterozygous (WI or MP) or homozygous for the insert (II or PP). No differences between genotype groups were found in mean (±SD) voluntary fluid intake (WW: 613 ± 388, WI: 753 ± 385, II: 862 ± 421 mL, p = 0.31; MM: 599 ± 322, MP: 745 ± 374, PP: 870 ± 459 mL, p = 0.20), percentage BML or any other fluid balance variables for both the ACE and B2R genes, respectively. Mean thirst perception in the B2R PP group, however, was higher (p < 0.05) than both MM and MP at 30, 45, and 60 min. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that voluntary fluid intake and fluid balance in healthy men performing 60 min of moderate-intensity exercise in the heat are not predominantly influenced by ACE or B2R genetic variation.

scholarly journals Unmasking a sustained negative effect of SGLT2 inhibition on body fluid volume in the rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. F653-F664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Masuda ◽  
Yuko Watanabe ◽  
Keiko Fukuda ◽  
Minami Watanabe ◽  
Akira Onishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Fluid Volume ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food And Fluid Intake

The chronic intrinsic diuretic and natriuretic tone of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is incompletely understood because their effect on body fluid volume (BFV) has not been fully evaluated and because they often increase food and fluid intake at the same time. Here we first compared the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin (Ipra, 0.01% in diet for 8 wk) and vehicle (Veh) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rat, a nonobese type 2 diabetic model, and nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. In nondiabetic rats, Ipra increased urinary excretion of Na+ (UNaV) and fluid (UV) associated with increased food and fluid intake. Diabetes increased these four parameters, but Ipra had no further effect, probably because of its antihyperglycemic effect, such that glucosuria and, as a consequence, food and fluid intake were unchanged. Fluid balance and BFV, determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy, were similar among the four groups. To study the impact of food and fluid intake, nondiabetic rats were treated for 7 days with Veh, Ipra, or Ipra+pair feeding+pair drinking (Pair-Ipra). Pair-Ipra maintained a small increase in UV and UNaV versus Veh despite similar food and fluid intake. Pair-Ipra induced a negative fluid balance and decreased BFV, whereas Ipra or Veh had no significant effect compared with basal values. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibition induces a sustained diuretic and natriuretic tone. Homeostatic mechanisms are activated to stabilize BFV, including compensatory increases in fluid and food intake.

Audit of the appropriateness and accuracy of fluid intake and output monitoring: experience in a tertiary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 660-664
Author(s):  
Siew Hoon Lim ◽  
Mei Ling Lim ◽  
Fazila Abu Bakar Aloweni ◽  
Shin Yuh Ang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Output Monitoring

Background: The current practice of fluid intake and output monitoring for hospitalised patients in one local acute care tertiary hospital was unclear and inconsistent. Inaccurate fluid balance monitoring and poor documentation can result in poor clinical outcomes. Aim: To provide an overview of the current practice of ordering, monitoring and documentation of patient fluid intake and output during hospitalisation. Methods: Electronic charts of 2199 adults were reviewed for appropriateness and accuracy of monitoring and documentation of the fluid balance records. Data retrieved for each patient included: (1) Was daily fluid balance monitoring clinically indicated? (2) Was daily fluid balance monitoring prescribed by the doctors or initiated by the nurses? (3) Was the daily fluid balance documentation accurate for the entire admission? Findings: Of the reviewed patients, 68% were on fluid balance monitoring, of whom 31% were prescribed by medical teams and 69% were nurse-initiated. Among patients who were receiving fluid balance monitoring, 78% were clinically indicated (35% prescribed by doctors), and 22% had no clinical indications (18% prescribed by doctors). Overall, documentation accuracy of the intake and output charts was 77%, with 100% accuracy in the oral and intravenous fluid intake, and 21% accuracy in the output documentation. Among the inaccurate documentation of monitoring with no quantifiable amount, ‘void in toilet’ was the most inaccurately documented (93.3%). Conclusions: It is vital to address the current disparities in hospital practice, which include prescribing fluid balance monitoring for patients without a clinical indication and documenting incomplete or poor quality information in patients' intake and output charts. Future quality improvement and research work is needed to improve patient safety and outcomes.

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