Physical activity and skeletal health in adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A Cauley ◽  
Lora Giangregorio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Health

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Childhood May Be the Key to Optimizing Lifespan Skeletal Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B. Gunter ◽  
Hawley C. Almstedt ◽  
Kathleen F. Janz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Health

scholarly journals Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6739
Author(s):  
Herbert Chikafu ◽  
Moses J. Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Sport And Recreation ◽  
Rural South Africa

Physical activity, among others, confers cardiovascular, mental, and skeletal health benefits to people of all age-groups and health states. It reduces the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and therefore, could be useful in rural South Africa where cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing. The objective of this study was to examine levels and correlates of physical activity among adults in the Ingwavuma community in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Self-reported data on physical activity from 392 consenting adults (female, n = 265; male, n = 127) was used. We used the one-sample t-test to assess the level of physical activity and a two-level multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between total physical activity (TPA) and independent predictors. The weekly number of minutes spent on all physical activities by members of the Ingwavuma community was 912.2; standard deviation (SD) (870.5), with males having 37% higher physical activity (1210.6 min, SD = 994.2) than females (769.2, SD = 766.3). Livelihood activities constituted 65% of TPA, and sport and recreation contributed 10%. Participants without formal education (20%), those underweight (27%), and the obese (16%) had low physical activity. Notwithstanding this, in general, the Ingwavuma community significantly exceeded the recommended weekly time on physical activity with a mean difference of 762.1 (675.8–848.6) minutes, t (391) = 17.335, p < 0.001. Gender and age were significant predictors of TPA in level 1 of the multiple regression. Males were significantly more active than females by 455.4 min (β = −0.25, p < 0.001) and participants of at least 60 years were significantly less active than 18–29-year-olds by 276.2 min (β = −0.12, p < 0.05). Gender, marital status, and health awareness were significant predictors in the full model that included education level, employment status, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity related to health awareness as predictors. The high prevalence of insufficient physical activity in some vulnerable groups, notably the elderly and obese, and the general poor participation in sport and recreation activities are worrisome. Hence we recommend health education interventions to increase awareness of and reshape sociocultural constructs that hinder participation in leisure activities. It is important to promote physical activity as a preventive health intervention and complement the pharmacological treatment of CVDs in rural South Africa. Physical activity interventions for all sociodemographic groups have potential economic gains through a reduction in costs related to the treatment of chronic CVD.

Physical activity, exercise, and skeletal health

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Saija A. Kontulainen ◽  
James D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Health

Physical Activity and Skeletal Health in Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Bailey ◽  
Alan D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Relationship Of

A considerable amount of research into osteoporosis has focused on the management and treatment of bone loss in later life. More recently, a limited amount of research has been directed toward the development of an optimal level of peak bone mass during the adolescent and early adult years. While genetics is a major determinant of bone status, there is considerable evidence that physical activity is an important nonhereditary factor. Studies on adults suggest that the positive effect of physical activity on bone is modest in the short term but may be quite powerful with more intense activity that overloads the muscular system for a longer time period. In children, however, our knowledge about the long-term effects of physical activity on bone accretion is incomplete. This paper presents a review of the pediatric literature dealing with the relationship of physical activity to bone mineral density status in the adolescent population.

Interaction between nutrition, physical activity and skeletal health

2007 ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Baxter-Jones ◽  
Robert Faulkner ◽  
Susan Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Health

scholarly journals Physical activity, diet and skeletal health

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Branca
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Skeletal Mass

AbstractDiet and physical exercise concur in the determination of skeletal mass at the end of adolescence and in the conservation of it during adult life. The functional demand imposed on bone is a major determinant of its structural characteristics. Stress applied to a skeletal segment affects the geometry of the bone, the microarchitecture and the composition of the matrix. The stimulatory effect occurs when the skeleton is subjected to strains exceeding habitual skeletal loads, and the intensity of load is more important than the duration of the stimulus.Physical activity leads to greater bone density in children and adolescents and, to a minor extent, in adults. Weight bearing activities, such as walking, have a greater effect than non weight bearing activities, such as cycling and swimming. Reduction of loads as in bed resting or in space flights leads to bone loss. Intense training may cause damage, promptly repaired, as in stress fractures observed in army recruits. Female athletes may experience oligo-amenorrhea, though they still have a positive bone balance.There is an important interaction between the mechanical demands and the availability of nutrients to manufacture bone tissue. The increase in bone density in post-menopausal women is positively related to calcium intake when calcium supplementation is accompanied by exercise. When mechanical demands are low, such as during immobilisation, the intestinal calcium absorption is reduced. Calcium intake should also be analysed in the light of other dietary factors affecting the balance between absorption and excretion, and in combination with a number of other minerals, trace elements and bioactive substances with an impact on bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia Is Negatively Related to High Gravitational Impacts Achieved From Day-to-day Physical Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hartley ◽  
Celia L Gregson ◽  
Kimberly Hannam ◽  
Kevin C Deere ◽  
Emma M Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Abstract Background Sarcopenia has been associated with reduced physical activity (PA). We aimed to determine if sarcopenia, and specific components of muscle size, function, and physical performance, are associated with high impacts achieved during habitual PA, as these are related to bone strength in community-dwelling older women. Methods Participants were older women from the Cohort of Skeletal Health in Bristol and Avon. We defined sarcopenia using the EWGSOP criteria. Lower limb peak muscle power and force were assessed using Jumping Mechanography (JM). High vertical impacts were assessed by tri-axial accelerometry (at least 1.5g above gravity). Cross-sectional associations were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for age, height and weight (or fat mass for models including appendicular lean mass index), comorbidities, smoking, alcohol, and Index of Multiple Deprivation. Results Our analyses included 380 participants, with mean age 76.7 (SD 3.0) years; 242 (64%) also completed JM. In age-adjusted analysis, a negative relationship was observed between severity of sarcopenia and high, but not medium or low, impacts (p = .03 for trend). Regarding components of sarcopenia underlying this relationship, multivariable analyses revealed that gait speed (β 1.47 [95% CI 1.14, 1.89], [β-1] reflects the proportionate increase in high impacts per SD increase in exposure) and peak force (1.40 [1.07, 1.84]) were independently associated with high impacts. Conclusions Older women with sarcopenia experienced fewer bone-strengthening high impacts than those with presarcopenia or without sarcopenia. To increase bone strengthening activity in older women, interventions need to improve both lower limb muscle force and walking speed.

Childhood Physical Activity May or May Not Provide Sustained Effects to Protect Adults From Osteoporosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. Janz ◽  
Shelby L. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Adolescent Physical Activity ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Federal Guidelines ◽  
Adult Bone

Although there is strong and consistent evidence that childhood and adolescent physical activity is osteogenic, the evidence concerning its sustained effects to adult bone health is not conclusive. Therefore the value of interventions, in addition to beneficial bone adaptation, could be exposure to activities children enjoy and therefore continue. As such, interventions should provide skills, pleasure, and supportive environments to ensure continued bone-strengthening physical activity with age. Until the dose-response as well as timing of physical activity to bone health is more fully understood, it is sensible to assume that physical activity is needed throughout the lifespan to improve and maintain skeletal health. Current federal guidelines for health-related physical activity, which explicitly recommend bone-strengthening physical activities for youth, should also apply to adults.

Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0–4 years)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Timmons ◽  
Allana G. LeBlanc ◽  
Valerie Carson ◽  
Sarah Connor Gorber ◽  
Carrie Dillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Quality Evidence

The early years represent a critical period for promoting physical activity. However, the amount of physical activity needed for healthy growth and development is not clear. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, we aimed to present the best available evidence to determine the relationship between physical activity and measures of adiposity, bone and skeletal health, motor skill development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, and cardiometabolic health indicators in infants (1 month – 1 year), toddlers (1.1–3.0 years), and preschoolers (3.1–4.9 years). Online databases, personal libraries, and government documents were searched for relevant studies. Twenty-two articles, representing 18 unique studies and 12 742 enrolled participants, met inclusion criteria. The health indicators of interest were adiposity (n = 11), bone and skeletal health (n = 2), motor development (n = 4), psychosocial health (n = 3), cognitive development (n = 1), and cardiometabolic health indicators (n = 3); these indicators were pre-specified by an expert panel. Five unique studies involved infants, 2 involved toddlers, and 11 involved preschoolers. In infants, there was low- to moderate-quality evidence to suggest that increased or higher physical activity was positively associated with improved measures of adiposity, motor skill development, and cognitive development. In toddlers, there was moderate-quality evidence to suggest that increased or higher physical activity was positively associated with bone and skeletal health. In preschoolers, there was low- to high-quality evidence on the relationship between increased or higher physical activity and improved measures of adiposity, motor skill development, psychosocial health, and cardiometabolic health indicators. There was no serious inconsistency in any of the studies reviewed. This evidence can help to inform public health guidelines. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42011001243)

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