scholarly journals Effects of greenspace morphology on mortality at the neighbourhood level: a cross-sectional ecological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. e460-e468
Author(s):  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Louis G Tassinary
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Level

scholarly journals Comparing regional neonatal mortality rates: the influence of registration of births as live born for birth weight <500 g in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000526
Author(s):  
Liang-Yi Wang ◽  
Yu-Shan Chang ◽  
Fu-Wen Liang ◽  
Yung-Chieh Lin ◽  
Yuh-Jyh Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ObjectiveTo investigate regional variation in the registration of births (still+live) as live born for birth weight <500 g and the impact on the city/county ranking of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Taiwan.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional ecological study.Setting20 cities/counties in Taiwan.ParticipantsRegistered births for birth weight <500 g and neonatal deaths in 2015–2016.Main outcome measuresCity/county percentage of births <500 g registered as live born and ranking of city/county NMR (deaths per 1000 live births) including and excluding live births <500 g.ResultsThe percentage of births <500 g registered as live born ranged from 0% in Keelung City (0/26) and Penghu County (0/4) to 20% in Taipei City (112/558), 24% in Hsinchu County (5/21) and 28% in Hualien County (9/32). The change in city/county ranking of NMR from including to excluding live births <500 g was most prominent in Taipei City (from the 15th to the 1st) followed by Kaohsiung City (from the 18th to the 14th).ConclusionsThe city/county NMR in Taiwan is influenced by variation in the registration of live born for births with uncertain viability. We recommend presenting city/county NMR using both criteria (with or without minimum threshold of gestation period or birth weight) for better interpretation of the findings of comparisons of city/county NMR.

Neighbourhood Determinants of Caries Experience in Preschool Children: A Multilevel Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Priesnitz ◽  
R.K. Celeste ◽  
M.J. Pereira ◽  
C.A. Pires ◽  
C.A. Feldens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Level

Objectives: To investigate the association between neighbourhood factors and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index among preschool children. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 1,110 children (0-5 years old) clustered in 16 official neighbourhoods of Canoas city, southern Brazil. Multilevel binomial models were used to estimate the association of contextual variables at neighbourhood level (Human Development Index, average income, and public primary health care units) with two oral health outcomes: decayed teeth (dt) and missing or filled teeth (mft), after adjusting for individual variables (gender, age, maternal education, equivalent household income logarithm, household, and point of care). Results: Overall, 24.9% of the sample had dental caries experience (dmft >0), and 92.3% of the dmft was untreated caries. There was no statistical significant association (p > 0.05) of contextual characteristics with the decay component. The teeth of children living in richer areas had 2.87 (95% CI: 1.05-7.86) times more chances of being treated (mft component). Variance attributed to neighbourhood level was estimated as 5.9% (p < 0.01) and 4.1% (p = 0.17) for dt and mft, respectively, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Intra-urban areas seem homogeneous, with small variability between neighbourhoods, having no contextual effect on untreated dental caries (dt). Contextual variables may influence treatment access (mft) through the use of dental services in preschool children.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood racial/ethnic residential segregation and cardiometabolic risk: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Mayne ◽  
Margaret T Hicken ◽  
Sharon Stein Merkin ◽  
Teresa E Seeman ◽  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Residential Segregation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Race Ethnicity

BackgroundRacial residential segregation has been linked to adverse health outcomes, but associations may operate through multiple pathways. Prior studies have not examined associations of neighbourhood-level racial segregation with an index of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and whether associations differ by race/ethnicity.MethodsWe used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline neighbourhood-level racial residential segregation with a composite measure of CMR. Participants included 5015 non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic participants aged 45–84 years old over 12 years of follow-up (2000–2012). We used linear mixed effects models to estimate race-stratified associations of own-group segregation with CMR at baseline and with the rate of annual change in CMR. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, medication use and individual-level and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsIn models adjusted for sociodemographics and medication use, high baseline segregation was associated with higher baseline CMR among blacks and Hispanics but lower baseline CMR among whites. Individual and neighbourhood-level SES fully explained observed associations between segregation and CMR for whites and Hispanics. However, associations of segregation with CMR among blacks remained (high vs low segregation: mean difference 0.17 SD units, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32; medium vs low segregation: mean difference 0.18 SD units, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.33). Baseline segregation was not associated with change in CMR index scores over time.ConclusionAssociations of own-group racial residential segregation with CMR varied by race/ethnicity. After accounting for SES, living in a more segregated neighbourhood was associated with greater risk among black participants only.

The more problematic drinkers, the more alcohol clients… or not? An ecological study on neighbourhood level

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Inge Bongers ◽  
Hans van Oers ◽  
Henk Garretsen ◽  
Ien van de Goor ◽  
André Wierdsma
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Neighbourhood Level

scholarly journals Natural environments and suicide mortality in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional, ecological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e134-e139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Helbich ◽  
Derek de Beurs ◽  
Mei-Po Kwan ◽  
Rory C O'Connor ◽  
Peter P Groenewegen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The Role of Social Health and Demographic Factors in Bread Quality: An Ecological Study in Isfahan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mostafa Amini-Rarani ◽  
Seyed Haashem Abutoraabi ◽  
Mehdi Nosratabadi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Bread Quality ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Bread Production

Social health has been defined as participation in and responsibility for social processes. Because bread is considered an essential staple food in Iran, several social policies have been implemented to improve the quality of bread, regardless of social aspects. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between bread quality, bakers’ social health, and demographic factors. This was a cross-sectional ecological study conducted in Isfahan, Iran. Stratified sampling was used to select 171 traditional bakeries from Isfahan’s 15 municipality districts. The Adult Social Health Questionnaire was used to collect data. A laboratory test was employed to obtain data on bread quality. The Spearman correlation test, bivariate logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The results showed that 36.26% of bakeries had pH ≤ 6 (high-quality bread) and 63.74% of them had pH > 6 (bread quality was low). The use of baking soda had a negative relationship with bakers’ social health ( P value = 0.029). According to the findings, low social health increased the likelihood of producing low-quality bread by 53% when compared to high social health. Education, specifically illiteracy and semiliteracy, increased the risk of low-quality bread production by 35% and 27%, respectively. Through responsibility, consciousness, and empathy, social health is linked to bread quality. This implies that health policies could be tailored to address the social health of bakeries in order to improve bread quality.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the presence of cleft lip and / or cleft palate in Brazilian newborns

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-956
Author(s):  
Bianca Machado Cruz Shibukawa ◽  
Gabrieli Patricio Rissi ◽  
Ieda Harumi Higarashi ◽  
Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Care Networks ◽  
National Rate ◽  
Spss Software

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and the associated factors with the presence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Brazilian newborns, in order to verify possible associations with maternal care and newborn factors. Methods: a cross-sectional and ecological study, involving all live births in Brazil, recorded in the Information System on Live Births from 2005 to 2016. Maternal and infant information were evaluated using trend analysis and odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval. The analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results: we analyzed 17,800 live births with presence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The Brazilian prevalence rate was 0.51 / 1000 live births, with South and Southeast Regions registering higher rates than the national rate. There was an association with maternal age above 35 years old, with no partner, less than seven prenatal consultations, premature birth and cesarean section. About the factors of the newborn, being male, Apgar less than seven in the 1st and 5th minutes of life, low birth weight and white color were associated. Conclusions: Brazil has an increasing tendency for cleft lip and/or cleft palate (p=0.019), reinforcing the need to strengthen health care networks, providing adequate support for newborn with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and their families.

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