scholarly journals Did the Indian Ocean tsunami trigger a shift towards disaster risk reduction?

2022 ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
SáLvano BriceñO
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals ISLAM AND DISASTER: A REFINED CONCEPT THROUGH COMMUNITY’S DISASTER PERCEPTION OF POST THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Fatimahsyam . ◽  
Sehat Ihsan Shadiqin ◽  
Alfi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Community Members ◽  
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Religious Perspectives

Purpose of the study:The purpose of this study is to present the Islamic conception on the disasters that accepted by the communityfrom a case of Aceh of post the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Methodology:The data was collected from several interviews with the key persons in tsunami-affected areas. The interviewed key persons wereTengkus or Ulamaswho havea role in constructing the community disaster perception, community members and related stakeholders. The interview results were identified and coded based on the similarity and related to the study purpose. Main Findings:The interpretation of disaster based on the religious context of post the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has been trended negatively to construct the community’s disaster perception. The perceptions are most driven by the key person in society such as Tengkus or Ulamasbut it seems to be far from disaster risk reduction goals. The disaster risk reduction efforts should pay on this matter in order to make community more resilient to face future disasters. Applications of this study:This study can be useful as the important noted in strengthening and managing disaster risk perception through community disaster preparedness based on scientific explanation and its relationship to the religious perspectives. The findings from this study could be included through the disaster risk reduction effort, policy, programs. Novelty/Originalityof this study:The originality of this study lays on the fact that the religious leaders in the community such as Tengkusor Ulama of post the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami take roles in constructing the community disaster perceptions. Researchers have not yet fully studied the development process of disaster perception based on the religious perspectives of post-disaster and how to deal on it.

Disaster Education in Indonesia: Learning How It Works from Six Years of Experience After Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Rafliana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Disaster Education

The most recent disaster events in Indonesia have been a major wakeup call for focusing more attention on disaster education. The task is not easy. The current development conditions, including population growth and environmental degradation increase the level of vulnerabilities of communities at risks (Ronan et al., 2005) against future disasters. As one of the strategies aimed at reducing disaster risks, disaster education interventions were adopted for schools with the hope that it can be an effective catalyst for influencing community preparedness. Many organizations were playing their respective roles in increasing schools’ knowledge and preparedness. Two to four years after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, preparedness assessment was conducted for schools, local community and authorities in at least eight districts/cities in Indonesia. The results were quite surprising: preparedness of schools were almost always the lowest. This paper shares lessons learnt from disaster education interventions in Indonesia in the past six years after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004; some of the designed interventions were a part of the aforementioned preparedness assessment. The aim of this paper is to discuss some approaches and reconsider the effectiveness of integrating disaster risk reduction, not only in the context of Indonesia but also for application around the globe. A shift from awareness raising activities to more process-based activities such as the development of school-based preparedness models, is now occurring and is observable in several schools. Yet, mainstreaming disaster risk management in the school system, as a chosen strategy for reducing risks to schools in potential disaster-prone areas, may not be simple.

scholarly journals Early Warning Systems: Lost in Translation or Late by Definition? A FORIN Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irasema Alcántara-Ayala ◽  
Anthony Oliver-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Welfare

Abstract Early warning systems (EWSs) are widely considered to be one of the most important mechanisms to prevent disasters around the globe. But as disasters continue to affect countries where EWSs have already been implemented, the striking disaster consequences have led us to reflect on the focus, architecture, and function of the warning systems. Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami there has been a rapid rise in the promotion and use of EWSs to minimize disaster losses and damage. However, few researchers have addressed the question of their acceptability as an adaptive measure to the existing exposure conditions. EWSs are far more linked to emergency response and humanitarian crises and accepted technological interventions as solutions than they are to explicitly advance integrated analysis, disaster risk reduction, and policy making. A major flaw of EWSs is that the term “early” has been essentially used in reference to the speed of hazard onset, founded on a physicalist perspective that has encouraged a considerable dependence on technology. In this article we address the need for a clear understanding of the root causes and risk drivers of disaster risk creation, as advanced in the FORIN (forensic investigation of disasters) approach, as a prerequisite for the development of more articulated EWSs that could contribute to disaster risk reduction through policy making and practice, based on integrated and transdisciplinary management, in the interest of sustainable development, and human welfare and well-being.

scholarly journals Development of disaster risk reduction policy in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Key Stakeholders

PurposeThis exploratory study discusses the policy learning process of the development of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses how DRR has and has not developed in Thailand through the two major disasters: the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great Flood. The information was collected by documentary analysis to gain a historical and critical understanding of the development of the system and policy of DRR in Thailand. Additionally, key stakeholders' interviews were undertaken to supplement the analysis.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that Thailand's DRR development has been “reactive” rather than “proactive”, being largely directed by global DRR actors.Research limitations/implicationsBeing a small-scale study, the sample size was small. The analysis and argument would be consolidated with an increase in the number of interviews.Practical implicationsThe model can help deconstruct which dimension of the learning process a government has/has not achieved well.Originality/valueThe application of the “restrictive-expansive policy learning” model, which identifies different dimensions of policy learning, reveals that the Thai government's policy learning was of a mixed nature.

Natural Hazards Governance in Democratic States With Developing Economies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Past

Catastrophic natural disasters have served as reminders of the connection between fragile governments and human losses. Developing economies are impacted most from natural as well as anthropogenic hazards. For example, the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004) claimed 227,898 lives, primarily in three politically fragmented countries with developing economies: Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India; and the 2010 Haiti earthquake affected more than 3 million people and killed between 46,190 and 316,000. According to EM-DAT, the cumulative number of global disaster deaths over the past 30 years was 1,677,000, with an annual average of 54,082 deaths. According to Swiss reinsurance companies, the average global natural disaster insurance loss for the last 10 years (2009–2018) was $67 billion, and global insurance losses accounted for 0.09% of global GDP on average. Over the past decade, “natural” disasters have caused more than 780,000 fatalities and destroyed physical properties worth a minimum of $960 billion. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) initiated the international disaster governance agenda for the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) global blueprint in 2005 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) in 2015. Since the HFA, the international disaster risk reduction (DRR) community is increasingly viewing disaster risk management (DRM) as a governance concern. Governments are not a single structure; they are divided into various functions, hierarchies, policies, and responsibilities in working to create resilient communities at various levels (national and subnational). In countries with developing economies, government agencies have a significant role in DRM, which includes community-based organizations, science and technology research institutes, environmental protection agencies, and finance ministries. The existence of disaster management systems able to integrate vertical and horizontal coordination efforts is a critical weakness. Although there has been significant improvement globally in government capacities as well as institutional frameworks and legislative provisions for DRR in recent years, progress has been uneven. National-level policy formulation in a top-down model has often not made a significant impact at lower levels of government, where awareness-raising, training, and capacity-building likely would be significantly addressed. An extensive literature review is provided to help understand decentralized governance and its efficacy for local-level risk management of natural hazards for developing economies. Community risk perceptions and ways to respond to disasters vary from location to location; thus, it is important to implement decentralized policies and customize them to local needs and priorities to achieve low-impact sustainable development.

Analisis Longsor Cililin Dan Model Pengupayaan Kestabilan Lerengnya

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
West Java ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Landslide Risk Reduction

Landslides have occurred in various places in Indonesia. Likewise with West Java, there were many regions that has experienced repeated landslides. Having many experience of occurrences of landslides, we should have had a good landslide risk reduction program. Indeed, the incidence of landslides depends on many variables. Due to that condition, it may that a region would have different variable with another region. So it is impossible to generalize the implementation of a mitigation technology for all areas prone to landslides. Research of the Cililin's landslide is to anticipate the next disasters that may happen in around the area of 2013 Cililin Landslide. Through observation lithological conditions, water condition, land cover and landscape, as well as consideration of wide dimension of the building footing, the distance of building to the slopes and so forth, it has been determined some efforts of disaster risk reduction in the area around the landslide against the occurrence of potential landslide in the future.Bencana tanah longsor telah terjadi di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Demikian halnya dengan Jawa Barat, tidak sedikit daerahnya telah berulang kali mengalami longsor. Seharusnya dengan telah banyaknya kejadian longsor, kita mampu mengupayakan program penurunan risiko longsor secara baik. Memang kejadian longsor bergantung pada banyak variabel, dimana dari satu daerah dengan daerah yang lain akan sangat memungkinkan mempunyai variabel yang berbeda, sehingga tidak mungkin kita membuat generalisasi penerapan suatu teknologi mitigasinya untuk semua daerah rawan longsor. Penelitian longsor di Cililin dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya bencana di sekitar daerah Longsor Cililin 2013 yang lalu. Melalui pengamatan kondisi litologi, keairan, tutupan lahan dan bentang alam yang ada, serta pertimbangan akan dimensi luas pijakan bangunan, jarak batas bangunan dengan lereng dan lain sebagainya, telah ditentukan beberapa upaya penurunan risiko bencana di daerah sekitar longsor terhadap potensi kejadian longsor dimasa mendatang.Keywords: Landslide, risk reduction, footing of building, Cililin

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