Lower South: South Carolina and Georgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-311
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Lower South

Rebels in the Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Barney
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Lower South

Rebels in the Making narrates and interprets secession in the fifteen slave states in 1860–1861. It is a political history informed by the socioeconomic structures of the South and the varying forms they took across the region. It explains how a small minority of Southern radicals exploited the hopes and fears of Southern whites over slavery after Lincoln’s election in November of 1860 to create and lead a revolutionary movement with broad support, especially in the Lower South. It reveals a divided South in which the commitment to secession was tied directly to the extent of slave ownership and the political influence of local planters. White fears over the future of slavery were at the center of the crisis, and the refusal of Republicans to sanction the expansion of slavery doomed efforts to reach a sectional compromise. In January 1861, six states in the Lower South joined South Carolina in leaving the Union, and delegates from the seceded states organized a Confederate government in February. Lincoln’s call for troops to uphold the Union after the Confederacy fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861 finally pushed the reluctant states of the Upper South to secede in defense of slavery and white supremacy.

The January 4, 1989, Earthquake in Bluffton, South Carolina, and its Tectonic Implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
P. Talwani ◽  
K. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Source Zone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tectonic Implications ◽  
Lower South ◽  
Head Area

Abstract An earthquake of magnitude 2.8 occurred on January 4, 1989, at 9:39:01.47 UTC (4:39 am EST) near Bluffton, in the lower South Carolina Coastal Plain, a region of low seismicity. More than seventy people in the Bluffton-Hilton Head area reported either hearing or feeling this early morning event. Historically, there have been three earthquakes, two of which had a MMI ≥ V, near Savannah, 25 km southwest of this earthquake. Recent discoveries of earthquake induced liquefaction features in the Bluffton area suggested that this area had been subjected to large ground motion in the past. Together, these data lead to the preliminary inference of a possible seismic source zone near Bluffton.

Nine Negro Spirituals, 1850-61, from Lower South Carolina

1928 ◽  
Vol 41 (162) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Mrs. Mary Dickson Arrowood ◽  
Thomas Hoffman Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Negro Spirituals ◽  
Lower South

Compromise May Restore the Union, but the Sword Can Never Preserve It

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Lower South ◽  
The U.S

This chapter continues the story of the Unionist Offensive in the Border South, carrying it through the tumultuous period when six Lower South states followed South Carolina out of the Union. The secession of the Lower South placed added pressure on the Border South states, as did the fact that John Crittenden and his allies in the U.S. Congress were unable to get a comprehensive compromise package passed. This chapter focuses closely on the conditional nature of Border South Unionism and shows how without a compromise settlement, many white border southerners became more amenable to the possibility of secession. Some also adopted a neutral attitude at this juncture, hoping to avoid taking sides with either the Union or the Confederacy.

Deadlock and a Deepening Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-191
Author(s):  
William L. Barney
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The South ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Senate Committee ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fort Sumter ◽  
Lower South

Congressional efforts to quell secession through a sectional compromise collapsed in December. As Northerners debated ways to deal with secession, President James Buchanan, a Democrat who had long sympathized with Southern grievances, lost credibility on both sides when he declared secession to be an unconstitutional act that he was powerless to put down. Following the departure of House members from the Lower South and South Carolina’s secession on December 20, a Senate committee proposed the Crittenden Compromise, a package of constitutional amendments guaranteeing the protection of slavery, including the recognition of slavery in all present and future territories south of the Missouri Compromise line of 36° 30'. Lincoln emphatically rejected the territorial feature on the expansion of slavery, and the Republicans backed him by scuttling the compromise. At the same time, the governors in the Lower South denounced the surprise move by Major Robert Anderson of his federal garrison from the vulnerable Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter in the Charleston harbor as a hostile act portending a new aggressive federal policy against secession. In what amounted to de facto secession, the governors ordered the seizure of federal forts and possessions in their states. War over Fort Sumter was averted when Buchanan and the South Carolina governor agreed to maintain the status quo in the wake of the firing on a poorly planned relief effort to resupply the fort.

An Ultrastructural Comparison of Hepatocytes from ADH+ and ADH−Peromyscus Maniculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
J. T. Ellzey ◽  
D. Borunda ◽  
B. P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Hepes Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Color Scanner

Genetically alcohol deficient deer mice (ADHN/ADHN) (obtained from the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, Univ. of South Carolina) lack hepatic cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase. In order to determine if these deer mice would provide a model system for an ultrastructural study of the effects of ethanol on hepatocyte organelles, 75 micrographs of ADH+ adult male deer mice (n=5) were compared with 75 micrographs of ADH− adult male deer mice (n=5). A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial and peroxisomal parameters was undertaken.The livers were perfused with 0.1M HEPES buffer followed by 0.25% glutaraldehyde and 2% sucrose in 0.1M HEPES buffer (4C), removed, weighed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, followed by a 3,3’ diaminobenzidine (DAB) incubation, postfixation with 2% OsO4, en bloc staining with 1% uranyl acetate in 0.025M maleate-NaOH buffer, dehydrated, embedded in Poly/Bed 812-BDMA epon resin, sectioned and poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Photographs were taken on a Zeiss EM-10 transmission electron microscope, scanned with a Howtek personal color scanner, analyzed with OPTIMAS 4.02 software on a Gateway2000 4DX2-66V personal computer and stored in Excel 4.0.

Use of the AMA Guides in State Workers' Compensation Systems: 2009 Update

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Jenny Walker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Specific Guideline ◽  
Compensation Systems

Abstract The AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) is the most widely used basis for determining impairment and is used in state workers’ compensation systems, federal systems, automobile casualty, and personal injury, as well as by the majority of state workers’ compensation jurisdictions. Two tables summarize the edition of the AMA Guides used and provide information by state. The fifth edition (2000) is the most commonly used edition: California, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, New Hampshire, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Vermont, and Washington. Eleven states use the sixth edition (2007): Alaska, Arizona, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Wyoming. Eight states still commonly make use of the fourth edition (1993): Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, South Dakota, Texas, and West Virginia. Two states use the Third Edition, Revised (1990): Colorado and Oregon. Connecticut does not stipulate which edition of the AMA Guides to use. Six states use their own state specific guidelines (Florida, Illinois, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Wisconsin), and six states do not specify a specific guideline (Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Virginia). Statutes may or may not specify which edition of the AMA Guides to use. Some states use their own guidelines for specific problems and use the Guides for other issues.

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