Social Justice Issues for Children and Young People in Peru and Other Latin American Countries

Author(s):  
Renato D. Alarcón
2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Gomes Pessoa ◽  
Linda Liebenberg ◽  
Dorothy Bottrell ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller

Abstract. Economic changes in the context of globalization have left adolescents from Latin American contexts with few opportunities to make satisfactory transitions into adulthood. Recent studies indicate that there is a protracted period between the end of schooling and entering into formal working activities. While in this “limbo,” illicit activities, such as drug trafficking may emerge as an alternative for young people to ensure their social participation. This article aims to deepen the understanding of Brazilian youth’s involvement in drug trafficking and its intersection with their schooling, work, and aspirations, connecting with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 16 as proposed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 .


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Luiza Oswald

This paper intends to show, based on the contributions of Latin American Cultural Studies, that the difficulty children and young people have with the organization of written texts, such as that found in books, is determined by the impact that the technology of images exercises over the ways in which they learn to read the world. An analysis of the first interviews with young people, conducted as part of an institutional project in progress, point to the role played by the language of television cartoons in their development as readers. El presente trabajo trae el análisis de las primeras entrevistas realizadas en el ámbito de una investigación institucional en curso interesada en investigar los sentidos/lecturas que niños y jóvenes realizan acerca de los productos de la cultura pop japonesa –mangás (historias en cuadritos), animes (dibujos animados) e videojuegos– basada en la orientación de los Estudios Culturales latinoamericanos (Jesús Martín-Barbero, Néstor García Canclini, Guillermo Orozco Gomes, entre otros autores). Ellos proponen que la recepción de los productos mediáticos sea analizada a partir de un desplazamiento teórico-metodológico que, reorientando el foco de los medios/mensaje para las mediaciones, permite identificar los receptores no como «dóciles audiencias», sino como productores activos de sentidos. Se pretende, con eso, intentar contribuir para la superación de la tensión entre la escuela y las culturas infantil y juvenil, tensión que tiene como uno de sus pilares el conflicto entre la cultura letrada y la cultura de la imagen. El estudio, que supone la opción por un abordaje cualitativo de carácter etnográfico, viene siendo realizado a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales con consumidores del trípode de la poderosa industria de entretenimiento nipónica, que se viene constituyendo como fenómeno mundial de comunicación de masa. Los discursos de los primeros entrevistados –cuatro jóvenes fanáticos de animes y mangas, cuya edad oscila entre 17 y 22 años– destacaron la influencia que el lenguaje de la TV ejerce sobre el extrañamiento que mantiene con el texto impreso tal como él se organiza en el libro. No obstante, la presencia en lo cotidiano de esos sujetos de un cúmulo de estímulos sonoros y visuales, no es raro depararnos con la existencia de una crisis de lectura que afecta niños y jóvenes, influenciando su desempeño en la escuela. Delante de los relatos, el grupo de investigación se formula algunas cuestiones: ¿la alusión a la crisis no sería, en el fondo, una incapacidad de las generaciones que fueron educadas y escolarizadas en los moldes de la cultura letrada?; entender que «el pretencioso gesto universal del libro» (W. Benjamin) ya no resuena entre las nuevas generaciones que ya nacieron bajo el impacto que la tecnología del sonido y de la imagen ejercen sobre la escritura? No sería, entonces, posible suponer que, si hay una crisis de la lectura, ¿es por las generaciones pasadas que está sendo vivenciada? Frente a esto, ¿no sería más adecuado, en vez de quedarnos repitiendo que existe una crisis de lectura que afecta la escolarización de niños y jóvenes y de permanecer buscando soluciones milagrosas para ese conflicto, asumir que estamos delante no de una crisis, sino de un contexto histórico del cual precisamos aproximarnos para no perder el tren de la historia? Esas fueron algunas de las preguntas que el examen de las cuatro primeras entrevistas con los jóvenes permitió sacar a luz de los fundamentos de los Estudios Culturales latinoamericanos, y es sobre ellas que ese texto se vuelca, no con la intención de responderlas, sino con el objetivo de constituirlas como un mapa que puede revelarnos caminos «para pasar de las respuestas que fracasaron a las preguntas que renuevan las ciencias sociales y las políticas libertadoras» (Néstor Canclini).


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McNeilly ◽  
Geraldine Macdonald ◽  
Berni Kelly

Author(s):  
Wafaa EL Sadik ◽  
Rüdiger Heimlich

This concluding chapter focuses on the events that happened since the start of the Tahrir Revolution in January 2011. Egypt now have a new president, a new constitution, new parties, and new coalitions. For the first time in their history, Egyptians were allowed to vote, and—no matter which way they voted—they were dissatisfied with the result. The country is politically divided. The only thing that unites people is their dissatisfaction. Indeed, everything is in short supply—most of all patience. The Egyptians took to the streets for bread, freedom, and social justice. Egypt's economic situation also worsened. The author witnessed the exodus of educated young people and the migration of intellectuals to America. Moreover, the literacy rate is sinking lower and lower as children and young people are neglected.


Author(s):  
Célia Maria Carolino Pires

Nesta conferência objetivamos apresentar um panorama da Educação Matemática em alguns países latino-americanos (Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, México, Paraguai, Peru e Uruguai), apoiado no Projeto “Pesquisas comparativas sobre organização e desenvolvimento curricular na área de Educação Matemática, em países da América Latina” desenvolvido de 2009 a 2017. Nos baseamos em concepções e procedimentos da metodologia de estudos comparativos, de Ferrer Juliá (2002) e Pilz (2012). Partimos de questões de pesquisa como: Que Matemática está sendo proposta no ensino de crianças e jovens de países latino-americanos neste início de milênio? Que pressupostos norteiam os documentos curriculares em países latino-americanos? Como se dá o processo de implementação curricular nesses países? Que currículos estão de fato sendo realizados em sala de aula? Como resultados destacamos que, no tocante à educação até a faixa dos 14 anos, as propostas dos diferentes países são muito similares, tanto nas finalidades conferidas ao ensino de Matemática, com foco na formação do cidadão, como em relação aos conteúdos e à incorporação de metodologias como a resolução de problemas e os recursos tecnológicos. Para a faixa dos 15 a 17 anos, há diferenças na organização dos cursos, mas pode-se notar uma abordagem bastante tradicional da matemática nos documentos curriculares.In this conference, we have presented an overview of Mathematics Education in some Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay), supported by the Project "Comparative research on curricular organization and development in Mathematics Education, in Latin American countries" developed from 2009 to 2017. We have based on conceptions and procedures of the methodology of comparative studies, by Ferrer Juliá (2002) and Pilz (2012). We start with research questions such as: What Mathematics is being proposed in teaching children and young people from Latin American countries at the beginning of the millennium? What assumptions guide curriculum documents in Latin American countries? How does the curricular implementation process take place in these countries? What curricula are actually being delivered in the classroom? As a result, we highlighted that, in the case of education up to 14th years old, the proposals of the different countries are very similar, both in the purposes of Mathematics teaching, focusing on citizen training, as well the content and the incorporation of methodologies such as problem solving and technological resources. For the group of 15th to 17th years old, there are differences in course organization, but one can see a rather traditional approach to mathematics in curriculum documents.


Author(s):  
Torill Larsen ◽  
Ingrid Holsen ◽  
Helga Bjørnøy Urke

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401668247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Hart ◽  
Emily Gagnon ◽  
Suna Eryigit-Madzwamuse ◽  
Josh Cameron ◽  
Kay Aranda ◽  
...  

The concept of resilience has evolved, from an individual-level characteristic to a wider ecological notion that takes into account broader person–environment interactions, generating an increased interest in health and well-being research, practice and policy. At the same time, the research and policy-based attempts to build resilience are increasingly under attack for responsibilizing individuals and maintaining, rather than challenging, the inequitable structure of society. When adversities faced by children and young people result from embedded inequality and social disadvantage, resilience-based knowledge has the potential to influence the wider adversity context. Therefore, it is vital that conceptualizations of resilience encompass this potential for marginalized people to challenge and transform aspects of their adversity, without holding them responsible for the barriers they face. This article outlines and provides examples from an approach that we are taking in our research and practice, which we have called Boingboing resilience. We argue that it is possible to bring resilience research and practice together with a social justice approach, giving equal and simultaneous attention to individuals and to the wider system. To achieve this goal, we suggest future research should have a co-produced and inclusive research design that overcomes the dilemma of agency and responsibility, contains a socially transformative element, and has the potential to empower children, young people, and families.


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