International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

Much has been written about whether end-of-life law should change and what that law should be. However, the barriers and facilitators of such changes – law reform perspectives – have been virtually ignored. Why do so many attempts to change the law fail but others are successful? International Perspectives on End-of-Life Law Reform aims to address this question by drawing on ten case studies of end-of-life law reform from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and Australia. Written by leading end-of-life scholars, the book's chapters blend perspectives from law, medicine, bioethics and sociology to examine sustained reform efforts to permit assisted dying and change the law about withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Findings from this book shed light not only on changing end-of-life law, but provide insight more generally into how and why law reform succeeds in complex and controversial social policy areas.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Law of Palliative Care and End-of-Life Treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Mendelson ◽  
Timothy Stoltzfus Jost
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
End Of Life Issues ◽  
End Of Life Treatment

Since the Supreme Court of New Jersey decided the Quinlan case a quarter of a century ago, three American Supreme Court decisions and a host of state appellate decisions have addressed end-of-life issues. These decisions, as well as legislation addressing the same issues, have prompted a torrent of law journal articles analyzing every aspect of end-of-life law. In recent years, moreover, a number of law review articles, many published in this journal, have also specifically addressed legal issues raised by palliative care. Much less is known in the United States, however, as to how other countries address these issues. Reflection on the experience and analysis of other nations may give Americans a better understanding of their own experience, as well as suggest improvements to their present way of dealing with the difficult problems in this area.This article offers a conceptual and comparative analysis of major legal issues relating to end-of-life treatment and to the treatment of pain in a number of countries. In particular, it focuses on the law of Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Poland, France, the Netherlands, Germany, and Japan.

scholarly journals Why did Israelis comply with COVID-19 Mitigation Measures during the initial first wave lockdown?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Leonre de Bruijn ◽  
Yuval Feldman ◽  
Malouke Esra Kuiper ◽  
Megan Brownlee ◽  
Christopher Reinders Folmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
The Law ◽  
Do So

This paper investigates why Israeli citizens complied with measures taken to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus in early April. At the time, Israel had relatively stringent mitigation measures that encouraged people to stay at home and keep a safe social distance. The data of 411 adult participants, gathered using survey research, showed that overall, compliance levels at that time were high. It finds that compliance depended on a combination of moral factors, such as people’s moral duty to obey the law and people’s tendency to obey the law generally. In addition, people who had friends over 75 years old were more likely to comply. Furthermore, people were more likely to comply if they were able to do so, and less likely to violate if they did not have the opportunity to do so. The study did not find that fear of punishment (deterrence) was significantly associated with compliance. Overall, these findings are in line with studies conducted the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Next Up: A Proposal for Values-Based Law Reform on Unilateral Withholding and Withdrawal of Potentially Life-Sustaining Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Downie ◽  
Lindy Willmott ◽  
Ben P White
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Values

The unilateral withholding and withdrawal of potentially life-sustaining treatment presents a complex issue of law and public policy. The authors examine the current state of this practice and conclude that it is occurring, being challenged in the courts, and is treated differently in different jurisdictions. The authors review the current state of the law in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. The authors use Canada as a case study to outline a process for pursuing law reform. The authors propose a model for law and policy reform in this area that is both informed and shaped by the fundamental values of Canadian society.

Arguments over Ends

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Sara Rushing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Intellectual Courage ◽  
The Will ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Physician Assisted Dying

In the United States, vast resources are put into end-of-life care and there is resistance to wider reliance on hospice, not to mention physician-assisted dying. How does dying get managed, and how do decisions about death get produced, within the logics that pervade contemporary healthcare? This chapter explores this question by considering how dispositions of humility and impulses toward autonomy operate both for dying persons and the caregivers attending to them in death. It argues that a relationally supported process of emotionally preparing for dying provides an experience through which we can learn about humility, autonomy, and other dispositions important for critical democratic citizenship: self-knowledge, self-determination, intellectual courage, generosity toward self and others, openness to uncertainty, and the will to persevere in our aspirations despite undeniable fragility.

scholarly journals On Legislation as to Life Insurance and Life Insurance Companies

1871 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Law

The past session of Parliament has witnessed the passing of an Act for the regulation of Life Assurance Companies in the United Kingdom, which, while introducing great changes in the law, still stops very far short of the system of legislation which has been for several years in operation in a few of the United States of America, and which is warmly approved of and urgently recommended for adoption by some persons in this country. The present may therefore be considered a fitting time for reviewing what has been done and considering whether any further legislation is desirable, and if any, of what nature it should be.

Parliamentary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Frank Cranmer
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
Do So

The issue of assisted suicide has been a matter of considerable controversy. On 9 December 2008 the incoming Director of Public Prosecutions, Keir Starmer QC, announced that he would not prosecute Mark and Julie James for taking their son Daniel, paralysed as a result of a rugby accident, to an assisted-dying clinic in Switzerland. At the same time, Margo MacDonald MSP has been attempting to change the law in Scotland, where assisting the suicide of another is a common law offence. During the Lords committee stage of the Coroners and Justice Bill Lord Falconer moved a new clause to make it legal to help another to travel to a country in which assisted dying was lawful, in circumstances where that person had made a formal declaration of intent to travel abroad in order to die and two doctors, independent of each other, had certified that that person was terminally ill and had the necessary mental capacity to make the declaration. For the Government, Lord Bach said that Ministers felt that the Bill was not the appropriate vehicle for changing the law on assisted suicide and suggested that if Falconer wished to pursue the matter further he should do so through a Private Member's Bill – and the new clause was duly defeated by 194 votes to 141.

International Perceptions of Cyberbullying Within Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Marie Luker ◽  
Barbara C. Curchack
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Do So ◽  
Cyberbullying Policy

In this study, we investigated perceptions of cyberbullying within higher education among 1,587 professionals from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Regardless of country or professional role, participants presented essentially the same bleak picture. Almost half of all participants observed cyberbullying between students within the last year, about one in every five intervened in an incident, and only 10% felt completely prepared to do so. Likewise, 85% of participants perceived their institution to be less than completely prepared to handle cyberbullying, with fewer than 50% even aware whether their school had a cyberbullying policy and fewer than 25% having a policy that specifically addresses cyberbullying. The majority of participants perceived cyberbullying as negative; however, approximately 10% dissented from this view. Finally, a group-serving bias was replicated; cyberbullying was perceived as more problematic at other institutions than their own. This research calls for evidence-based, systematic policy development and implementation, including how to train those who see cyberbullying as a positive phenomenon.

scholarly journals What Do Health Libraries Tweet About? A Content Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Awareness Tool ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
Twitter Activity ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
A Current ◽  
Shed Light

Many libraries have adopted Twitter to connect with their clients, but the library literature has only begun to explore how health libraries use Twitter in practice. When presented with new responsibility for tweeting on behalf of her library, the author was faced with the question “what do other health libraries tweet about?”. This paper presents a content analysis of a sample of tweets from ten health and medical libraries in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Five hundred twenty-four tweets were collected over 4 one-week periods in 2014 and analyzed using a grounded theory approach to identify themes and categories. The health libraries included in this study appear to use Twitter primarily as a current awareness tool, focusing on topics external to the library and its broader organization and including little original content. This differs from previous studies which have found that libraries tend to use Twitter primarily for library promotion. While this snapshot of Twitter activity helps shed light on how health libraries use Twitter, further research is needed to understand the underlying factors that shape libraries’ Twitter use. Beaucoup de bibliothèques ont choisi d’utiliser Twitter pour communiquer avec leurs clients, mais la littérature a commencé à peine à explorer comment des bibliothèques de la santé utilisent Twitter dans la pratique. Lorsqu’on lui a présenté la nouvelle responsabilité de s’occuper du compte Twitter pour la bibliothèque, l’auteure s’est demandé « qu'est-ce que d’autres bibliothèques de la santé disent sur Twitter ? ». Cet article présente une analyse du contenu d’un échantillon de Tweets de dix bibliothèques médicales au Canada, aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. 524 Tweets ont été recueillis au cours de quatre périodes d’une semaine en 2014 et ont été analysés selon une théorie ancrée afin d’identifier des thèmes et des catégories. Les bibliothèques de la santé incluses dans l’étude paraissent utiliser Twitter principalement comme outil de sensibilisation, se concentrant sur des sujets en dehors de la bibliothèque et l’organisation en général, et comprenant peu de contenu original. Cela se différencie d’autres études qui ont trouvé que les bibliothèques sont enclines à utiliser Twitter principalement pour la promotion de la bibliothèque. Bien que cet aperçu d’activité sur Twitter aide à éclairer la façon dont des bibliothèques l’utilisent, une recherche plus approfondie est nécessaire afin de comprendre les facteurs sous-jacents qui touchent l’usage de Twitter par des bibliothèques.

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