scholarly journals Labelling Facial Affect in Context in Adults with and without TBI

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn S. Turkstra ◽  
Sarah G. Kraning ◽  
Sarah K. Riedeman ◽  
Bilge Mutlu ◽  
Melissa Duff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Basic Emotion ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Choice Tests

Recognition of facial affect has been studied extensively in adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI), mostly by asking examinees to match basic emotion words to isolated faces. This method may not capture affect labelling in everyday life when faces are in context and choices are open-ended. To examine effects of context and response format, we asked 148 undergraduate students to label emotions shown on faces either in isolation or in natural visual scenes. Responses were categorised as representing basic emotions, social emotions, cognitive state terms, or appraisals. We used students’ responses to create a scoring system that was applied prospectively to five men with TBI. In both groups, over 50% of responses were neither basic emotion words nor synonyms, and there was no significant difference in response types between faces alone vs. in scenes. Adults with TBI used labels not seen in students’ responses, talked more overall, and often gave multiple labels for one photo. Results suggest benefits of moving beyond forced-choice tests of faces in isolation to fully characterise affect recognition in adults with and without TBI.

scholarly journals Validation of dynamic virtual faces for facial affect recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246001
Author(s):  
Patricia Fernández-Sotos ◽  
Arturo S. García ◽  
Miguel A. Vicente-Querol ◽  
Guillermo Lahera ◽  
Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Neutral Expression

The ability to recognise facial emotions is essential for successful social interaction. The most common stimuli used when evaluating this ability are photographs. Although these stimuli have proved to be valid, they do not offer the level of realism that virtual humans have achieved. The objective of the present paper is the validation of a new set of dynamic virtual faces (DVFs) that mimic the six basic emotions plus the neutral expression. The faces are prepared to be observed with low and high dynamism, and from front and side views. For this purpose, 204 healthy participants, stratified by gender, age and education level, were recruited for assessing their facial affect recognition with the set of DVFs. The accuracy in responses was compared with the already validated Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER-40). The results showed that DVFs were as valid as standardised natural faces for accurately recreating human-like facial expressions. The overall accuracy in the identification of emotions was higher for the DVFs (88.25%) than for the ER-40 faces (82.60%). The percentage of hits of each DVF emotion was high, especially for neutral expression and happiness emotion. No statistically significant differences were discovered regarding gender. Nor were significant differences found between younger adults and adults over 60 years. Moreover, there is an increase of hits for avatar faces showing a greater dynamism, as well as front views of the DVFs compared to their profile presentations. DVFs are as valid as standardised natural faces for accurately recreating human-like facial expressions of emotions.

scholarly journals Development during Adolescence of the Neural Processing of Social Emotion

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1736-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Burnett ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Chris Frith ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Basic Emotion ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Temporal Pole

In this fMRI study, we investigated the development between adolescence and adulthood of the neural processing of social emotions. Unlike basic emotions (such as disgust and fear), social emotions (such as guilt and embarrassment) require the representation of another's mental states. Nineteen adolescents (10–18 years) and 10 adults (22–32 years) were scanned while thinking about scenarios featuring either social or basic emotions. In both age groups, the anterior rostral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated during social versus basic emotion. However, adolescents activated a lateral part of the MPFC for social versus basic emotions, whereas adults did not. Relative to adolescents, adults showed higher activity in the left temporal pole for social versus basic emotions. These results show that, although the MPFC is activated during social emotion in both adults and adolescents, adolescents recruit anterior (MPFC) regions more than do adults, and adults recruit posterior (temporal) regions more than do adolescents.

scholarly journals Bernardo Autonomous Emotional Agents Increase Perception of VR Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Geslin ◽  
Olivier Olivier Bartheye ◽  
Colin Schmidt ◽  
Katy Tcha Tokey ◽  
Teerawat Kulsuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Development ◽  
Narrative Process ◽  
Games And Simulations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Video games are high emotional vectors. They play with the emotions of players by eliciting and increasing them. The importance of the induction of basic emotions has been a long forestay and is favoured by video game publishers, as they are quite easily mobilized. Video game publishers look to produce more complex social emotions like empathy, and compassion. In games framework with narrative context, designers frequently use cinema movies methods, like cinematic non-interactive Cutscenes. These methods temporarily exclude the player from interactivity to leave his first viewpoint view and move the camera focusing on the narrative stimuli. Cutscenes were used abundantly and are now rejected, the new development wave is often trying to develop in a “zero cinematic” way. For the same reason, cinematics are also not usable in new Virtual Reality. If VR games and simulations provides a high level of presence, VR environments needs certain rules related in particular to the continuation of free will and the avoidance of possible Break in Presence. We propose in this paper a concept of Emotionally Intelligent Virtual Avatars, which when they perceive an important narrative stimulus, share their emotions through, gestures, facial nonverbal expressions, and declarative sentences to stimulate the player's attention. This will lead players to focus on the narrative stimuli. Our research studies the impact of the use of Bernardo Agents Emotional Avatars involving n = 51 users. The statistical analysis of the results shows a significant difference in the narrative perception of the stimuli and in Presence, correlated to the use of Agents Bernardo. Overall, our emotional Agent Bernardo is a unique concept for increasing the perception of narrative stimuli in virtual environments using HMD, and may be useful in all virtual environments using an emotional narrative process.

Preliminary study of emotion recognition using facial affect cards of the training of affect recognition program (TAR) in Spanish population

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1409-1409
Author(s):  
N. Jimeno ◽  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
F. Ruiz ◽  
M.T. Cañas ◽  
R. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study

IntroductionSocial cognition is presently an important focus in rehabilitation of patients wish schizophrenic psychoses. Emotion recognition in one of its different components, the Training of Affect Recognition (TAR) is a therapy program specifically developed aiming at improving affect recognition.ObjectivesTo test if the material of the TAR program in terms a series of facial affect cards is reliable for emotion recognition in a Spanish control population.MethodsA sample of Spanish control subjects were shown the TAR's series of facial affect cards. It includes the following emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, angry and disgust, and the neutral facial affect. Reliability was assessed by means of the kappa coefficient. Kappa values higher than 0.4 were considered reliable, the following criterion was accepted: kappa values < 0.4, low reliability; 0.4 to 0.75, moderate reliability; > 0.76, strong reliability.ResultsThe sample was formed by subjects from the general population with no previous history of psychiatric disorders (n = 20). The following kappa values were obtained: happiness, 0.8406 (CI 0.7744–0.9068), sadness, 0.6171 (CI 0.5377–0.6964), surprise, 0.6582 (CI 0.5859–0.7304), fear, 0.4509 (CI 0.3569–0.5448), angry, 0.6252 (CI 0.5464–0.7040), disgust, 0.7700 (CI 0.6943–0.8456), neutral, 0.5534 (CI 0.4663–0.6404).ConclusionsIn a preliminary study in a sample of 20 Spanish control subjects using the TAR's series of facial affect cards, the six basic emotions and the neutral facial affect were recognized with at least a moderate reliability. A strong reliability was obtained in happiness and disgust, and a moderate reliability in surprise, angry, sadness, neutral, fear.

Facial Affect Recognition Deficit as a Marker of Genetic Vulnerability to Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita V. Alfimova ◽  
Lilia I. Abramova ◽  
Aleksandra I. Barhatova ◽  
Polina E. Yumatova ◽  
Galina L. Lyachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
History Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that affect recognition impairments are associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia. In a group of 55 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients (parents and siblings) we examined the capacity to detect facially expressed emotions and its relationship to schizotypal personality, neurocognitive functioning, and the subject's actual emotional state. The relatives were compared with 103 schizophrenia patients and 99 healthy subjects without any family history of psychoses. Emotional stimuli were nine black-and-white photos of actors, who portrayed six basic emotions as well as interest, contempt, and shame. The results evidenced the affect recognition deficit in relatives, though milder than that in patients themselves. No correlation between the deficit and schizotypal personality measured with SPQ was detected in the group of relatives. Neither cognitive functioning, including attention, verbal memory and linguistic ability, nor actual emotional states accounted for their affect recognition impairments. The results suggest that the facial affect recognition deficit in schizophrenia may be related to genetic predisposition to the disorder and may serve as an endophenotype in molecular-genetic studies.

Effects of Audience Response Systems on Student Achievement and Long-Term Retention

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Audience Response Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response Systems

The effects of audience response systems (ARS) on students' academic success and their perceptions of ARS were examined in this study. Participants, comprising 44 undergraduate students, were randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. The course design was the same for both groups and the instructor prepared the multiple-choice questions in advance; students in the control group responded to these questions verbally whereas the treatment group used ARS. Two paper-based examinations were used to measure the learning of concepts and skills that were taught. Students' perceptions of ARS were collected via a questionnaire. Results showed that ARS usage has a significant learning achievement effect in the first 4 weeks but not at the end of the second 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in retention between either group. Students perceived the ARS tool positively, finding it very enjoyable and useful.

Musical pantophagy: Is there an effect on changes in preference resulting from repeated exposure?

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562098729
Author(s):  
Rebecca R Johnston ◽  
Gina M Childers
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Music Consumption ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of musical pantophagy, classical music consumption, and initial receptivity to select musical examples on changes in preference rating resulting from a program of repeated exposure. Participants included undergraduate students enrolled in a section of music appreciation at a large Southeastern university ( n = 67). Data were collected using a research designed preference rating measure (PRM) administered during a 5-week period within which there were eight test measures. Participants were divided into quartiles. Pre- to post-test measures resulted in a general positive trend for all participants. Comparisons of Q1 (lowest pantophagy) and Q3 (highest pantophagy) on PRMs 1–8 yielded no differences between groups, and PRM 8 was significantly different from PRM 1 for both groups. The same comparisons for Q1 (non-Classical music consumption) indicated significant difference with large effect size and for Q1 (lowest initial receptivity) indicated significant difference. Results suggest that regardless of musical pantophagy, repetition is an effective means by which to increase affective response to music, and that students who do not currently consume formal art music and who have low initial receptivity may report greater increases in affective response to music over time.

scholarly journals Computational methods for integrative evaluation of confidence, accuracy, and reaction time in facial affect recognition in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100196
Author(s):  
Varsha D. Badal ◽  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Peter F. Hitchcock ◽  
David L. Penn ◽  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Integrative Evaluation

The interplay of glossing with text difficulty and comprehension levels

2021 ◽  
pp. 136216882110204
Author(s):  
Seyede Faezeh Hosseini Alast ◽  
Sasan Baleghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
First Language ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Text Difficulty ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension ◽  
Underlying Processes

The aim of this experiment was to investigate how glossing influences second language (L2)reading comprehension in relation to text difficulty and the two local and global meaning representations. Fifty-eight undergraduate students were asked to read three easy, moderate, and difficult texts and, following each passage, answer twenty comprehension questions targeting local and global concepts in one of the two first-language-glossed and unglossed conditions. Half of the participants in each group were supposed to think aloud while reading. The results revealed a significant difference between the performance of glossed and unglossed groups on comprehension of local concepts in all three difficulty levels. However, the impact of glossing on comprehension of global concepts was significantly influenced by text difficulty. The qualitative analysis of think-aloud protocols suggested a substantial difference in glossing functionality on fluency between the easy and the difficult texts. Furthermore, it is suggested that revisiting the glossing effect in combination with text difficulty on the reading product and underlying processes might reconcile some divergent hypotheses on glossing impact on fluency.

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