The Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT) for Very Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Dimitra Savvoulidou ◽  
Efthymia Totikidou ◽  
Chariklia Varvesiotou ◽  
Magda Iakovidou ◽  
Ourania Sfakianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with cognitive decline. This study describes the development of a Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT), and its pilot administration in community-dwelling older adults. The study aimed at examining whether the test could differentiate older adults with very mild cognitive impairment from their cognitively healthy counterparts. The sample consisted of 34 older adults (22 women), aged from 65 to 87 years. Participants were divided into two groups according to their general cognitive functioning. Odor detection was measured via vanillin solutions at the following concentrations: 150 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and .03 mg/L. The first condition of the test involved a scale administration of vanillin solutions. The second condition examined the change in air odour and it required vanillin solution of 30 mg/L and a metric ruler of 30 cm. The examiner had to place the solution at a specific distance point from each nostril. Odour identification sensitivity was secondarily measured. The results showed statistically significant differences in odour detection threshold between the two groups. In the unirhinal testing, left nostril differences of the two groups were definite. Hence, the B-ODT seems a promising instrument for very early cognitive impairment screening in older adult population.

scholarly journals Social Frailty Is Associated With the Risk of Malnutrition Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
Seoyoon Jane Lee ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Hayoung Shim ◽  
Heeeun Jung ◽  
Yuri Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Social Capitals ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Social frailty does not merely affect the level of socialization, but also the means of obtaining resources for the daily lives of older adults. It is highly associated with the quality of life during advanced age. In this study, we analyzed the association between the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) score (range 0-30) and 18 singular items and social frailty status of community-dwelling older adults. A total of 2,552 community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years (mean age 76.9±4.0, 51.8% female) from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) were assessed. The social frailty status was assessed in four categories- absence of economic resources, social resources, social activities, and social interactions. A higher MNA® score indicates better nutritional status. The prevalence of social frailty in older adults was 27.9% (mean age 78.1±4.0, 67.7% female). Approximately 40% of the participants were at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (p<0.001), while socially robust group accounted for 23% (p<0.001). They were at a higher risk of a lower MNA® score (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.96). Socially-frail older adults have a higher possibility of not eating three full meals a day (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.19-4.55) which increases the risk of malnutrition. In conclusion, social frailty, as a means of linking resources -including economic and social capitals- to the older adult population directly impacts the risk of malnutrition and requires an appropriate intervention.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Awareness Practice (MAP) to Prevent Dementia in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial and Implementation Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10205
Author(s):  
Ted Kheng Siang Ng ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Johnson Fam ◽  
Iris Rawtaer ◽  
Alan Prem Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: With an aging population, developing non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) to delay dementia has become critical. Apart from cognitive decline, dementia is associated with multiple pathophysiology, including increased oxidative stress, dysregulated gene expressions, cytokine, neurotrophin, and stress markers, telomere shortening, and deteriorations in brain connectivity. Although mindfulness practices have been proposed to ameliorate these biological changes, no empirical studies were conducted. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness awareness practice (MAP) to prevent cognitive decline and improve peripheral biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods/Design: This was a single-blinded and parallel-group randomized controlled trial with two arms (intervention and active control arms), conducted over nine months. A total of 60 consenting community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with MCI were planned to be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the MAP or the Health Education Program (HEP). Interventions were performed weekly for the initial 12 weeks, and monthly for the subsequent six months. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 3-month, and 9-month post-intervention by blinded assessors. Primary outcomes were neurocognitive tests, comprehensive peripheral biomarkers, and brain imaging scans. Secondary outcomes included basic health screening measures, affective symptoms, and measures of physical functions. Linear-mixed models were used to examine the effects of MAP on these outcome measures. Significance: This is the first randomized controlled trial to systematically investigate the effects of a mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive functions and various biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with MCI. Our findings have the potential to inform mindfulness intervention as a novel approach to delay dementia.

scholarly journals Do Communication Patterns Affect the Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hearing Loss among Older Adults in Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Tran Dai Tri Han ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino ◽  
Vo Nu Hong Duc ◽  
Thang Van Vo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in central Vietnam and the roles of communication (with or without communication devices) in the association between cognitive impairment and hearing loss. This cross-sectional study was performed on 725 randomly selected community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Participants attended a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, social interaction with or without communication devices, health status and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination were reported. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the association between hearing loss and cognitive function by frequency of communication with and without devices. Mild and severe cognitive impairment had prevalence rates of 23.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among older adults with hearing-loss, vision loss and difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment was not significant when older adults had frequent communication with others using devices. This study presented the relatively high prevalence of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam. Frequent communication using devices attenuated the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

Exploring the Association between Multimorbidity and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults Living in the Community: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110304
Author(s):  
Grace F. Wittenberg ◽  
Michelle A. McKay ◽  
Melissa O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Increased Risk

Two-thirds of older adults have multimorbidity (MM), or co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions. Mild cognitive impairment (CI) is found in almost 20% of older adults and can lead to further cognitive decline and increased mortality. Older adults with MM are the primary users of home health care services and are at high risk for CI development; however, there is no validated cognitive screening tool used to assess the level of CI in home health users. Given the prevalence of MM and CI in the home health setting, we conducted a review of the literature to understand this association. Due to the absence of literature on CI in home health users, the review focused on the association of MM and CI in community-dwelling older adults. Search terms included home health, older adults, cognitive impairment, and multimorbidity and were applied to the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo leading to eight studies eligible for review. Results show CI is associated with MM in older adults of increasing age, among minorities, and in older adults with lower levels of education. Heart disease was the most prevalent disease associated with increased CI. Sleep disorders, hypertension, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia were also significantly associated with increased CI. The presence of MM and CI was associated with increased risk for death among older adults. Further research and attention are needed regarding the use and development of a validated cognitive assessment tool for home health users to decrease adverse outcomes in the older adult population.

Anxiety, Depression, and 1-Year Incident Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Hélène Forget ◽  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Carol Hudon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Can Virtual Assistants Perform Cognitive Assessment in Older Adults? A Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Carmen Moret-Tatay ◽  
Isabel Iborra-Marmolejo ◽  
María José Jorques-Infante ◽  
José Vicente Esteve-Rodrigo ◽  
Carla H. A. Schwanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Given ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Community-dwelling older adults have raised the scientific community’s interest during the COVID-19 era as their chronic conditions might be aggravated by the consequences of confinement. Digital devices in this field to monitor cognitive impairment are an emerging reality of an innovative nature. However, some groups may not have benefited from these developments as much as, for example, younger people. The aim of this manuscript is to carry out a review on the development of digital devices, and specifically virtual assistants, for the detection of cognitive impairment in older adults. After a screening process, eight studies were found under the given criteria, and this number was even smaller for those using virtual assistants. Given the opportunities offered by virtual assistants through techniques such as natural language processing, it seems imperative to take advantage of this opportunity for groups such as older adults.

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