Joint Decisions under Uncertainty: Bird in the Hand

2001 ◽  
pp. 353-369
Keyword(s):  
Decisions Under Uncertainty ◽  
Joint Decisions

Making the most of individual differences in joint decisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Cultural Data ◽  
Better Than

Evidence for and against the idea that “two heads are better than one” is abundant. This chapter considers the contextual conditions and social norms that predict madness or wisdom of crowds to identify the adaptive value of collective decision-making beyond increased accuracy. Similarity of competence among members of a collective impacts collective accuracy, but interacting individuals often seem to operate under the assumption that they are equally competent even when direct evidence suggest the opposite and dyadic performance suffers. Cross-cultural data from Iran, China, and Denmark support this assumption of similarity (i.e., equality bias) as a sensible heuristic that works most of the time and simplifies social interaction. Crowds often trade off accuracy for other collective benefits such as diffusion of responsibility and reduction of regret. Consequently, two heads are sometimes better than one, but no-one holds the collective accountable, not even for the most disastrous of outcomes.

scholarly journals Model Partisipasi Petani dalam Pengembangan Agrowisata di Desa Kerta, Kecamatan Payangan, Kabupaten Gianyar

2018 ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
I WAYAN DEDI SURYAWAN ◽  
I WAYAN WINDIA ◽  
I MADE SARJANA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Public ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Participation Level ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Public Toilets

Farmers Participation Model in Agrowisata Development in Kerta Village,Payangan District, Gianyar Regency. The model of farmer participation in agro-tourism development in Kerta Village,Payangan District, Gianyar Regency is an effort to find out the model of farmerparticipation and farmer participation level in agro-tourism development. The researchlocation is in Kerta Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency which is an agro areaof Gianyar Botanical Garden. The method of analysis used is descriptive qualitative.The results showed that the farmers participation model is as follows. (a) Aspects ofmindset; farmers are aware of the potential that exists in Kerta Village that can bedeveloped as agro-tourism. (b) Social aspects; farmers' participation in social aspectssuch as participating in garden arrangement, diversification of commodity diversity,there is also agreement or cooperation between farmer society to sacrifice their land foragro-tourism such as for road and treking. (c) Aspects of artifacts / possessions; peasantcommunity participation in view of the material aspects include the garden andagricultural products, huts / huts for rest, parking lots and public toilets. Farmersparticipation rate is as follows. (a) Manipulation; done by changing the attractiveness ofthe attraction of organic citrus quotes. (b) Dissemination of information; the peasantcommunity conveys information to the general public through word of mouth, socialmedia, billboards installation. (c) Decision-making; demonstrated by their activengrembug to reach joint decisions and participate in village deliberations. (d) Buildingagreements; farmers mutually respect opinion in decision-making to build a deal basedon "Tri Sakti". Suggestion for farmer community to keep participating for agrotourismdevelopment in Kerta Village, considering the enormous potential of agriculture to bedeveloped into agro-tourism area. Through the model of farmer participation in agrotourismdevelopment in Kerta Village, Payangan District, Gianyar Regency, can beused as a reference for agro-tourism development in other regions.

DIRECT RECIPROCITY AND SERIAL RECIPROCITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
JINGPING LI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Additional Option

In this paper, we experimentally examine the relative strength of direct reciprocity and serial reciprocity. In three between–subject treatments, we solicit individual’s direct reciprocal giving and serial reciprocal giving in incentivized experiments where subjects make single or joint giving decisions. We find that, for both single and joint decisions, direct reciprocal giving and serial reciprocal giving are equivalent in magnitude. Meanwhile, an additional option of giving causes subjects to adjust their allocations between themselves and others, but this increase in total giving is not proportional to the increase in the number of recipients. This study provides new evidence of the complex relationship between direct reciprocity and serial reciprocity.

Conflict in 2-Person Teams Working on a Mixed Cognitive Perceptual-Motor Task

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
Stanley Sloan ◽  
Leon Rappoport
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Choice Point ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Decision Conflict ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Channel Control

This study applies Hammond's cognitive conflict paradigm to a mixed cognitive perceptual-motor (P-M) situation in which Ss must agree on a strategic decision and then must coordinate their P-M activity to implement this decision. The study was designed to permit the observation of the effects of cognitive differences on conflict and P-M performances. The task was designed around a 3-choice-point maze leading to a single goal. 18 2-person teams completed the maze by using a 2-channel control system. Ss with discrepant prior experience disagree when required to make joint decisions. Disagreements are greatest during the initial portion of their joint task but taper off on subsequent trials. There was no significant relationship between decision conflict and the efficiency of an entailed P-M performance.

A Tax Paradox for Investment Decisions under Uncertainty

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS GRIES ◽  
ULRICH PRIOR ◽  
CAREN SURETH
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Decisions Under Uncertainty
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