The impact of human–wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods

2009 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Thirgood ◽  
Rosie Woodroffe ◽  
Alan Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Exploring the Hidden Costs of Human–Wildlife Conflict in Northern Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bond ◽  
Kennedy Mkutu
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract:Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) is often considered in terms of how the impact on humans can be mitigated, but in the context of the larger goal of meeting conservation goals. This article explores the hidden costs of HWC on human well-being in northern Kenya through a qualitative case study of Laikipia County. Drawing on narratives of wildlife as destructive, wildlife as inherently more important or valuable than humans, and wildlife preservation as a pathway for capturing resources, it explores the impacts of HWC on human well-being, situating the study within the HWC, political ecology, and human security literature.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN THE SURROUNDING VILLAGES OF OLD OYO NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
A. L. A. SHOTUYO ◽  
O. A. AKINTUNDE ◽  
F. G LANLEHIN
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Fire Wood

The study assesses the impacts of Human-Wildlife conflicts in the surrounding villages in Old Oyo National Park (OONP), Nigeria. Two ranges out of the five ranges were used. Four villages were selected based on the distribution of primates and wildlife populations with each range producing two villages around Old Oyo National Park, were randomly selected for wildlife assessment. A total of 80 well-structured questionnaires were administered to the villagers with each getting 20 questionnaires respectively.  Data collected were subjected to inferential and descriptive statistics. Result shows that among other socio demographic characteristics tested against the impact of Human –wildlife conflict in the park, educational level and religion show significant difference (p<0.05). the buffer zone around the park has been extensively encroached; this made most of the surrounding villages to the park fall within the average distance of 2.6km. about 79% of the villages make use of fire wood for their household cooking. Major animals that intrude farmlands in the study areas include monkey (24%), Grasscutter (11%), Cattle (19%), Gorilla (12%), Antelope (6%), Cane rat (5%) and Rabbit (3%). Some of the crops attacked by the wildlife animals include; tubers (24%), tubers and vegetable (7%), tubers and fruits (36%), tubers, vegetable and fruits (3%), vegetable (7%), fruits (3%). All the respondents (100%) rated the level of attack and damages to their crops as high.  

scholarly journals Pattern of human dhole interaction in buffer area of Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Phub Dorji
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Wild Predators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict is a serious problem to conservation efforts worldwide. This is also true for Bhutan, where carnivores depredate livestock of farmers, affecting farmer’s livelihood, however, there is sparse documentation on the extent of human dhole interaction in Bhutan’s some of the important areas of conservation interest. Therefore the aim of this research was to evaluate the extent of human dhole interaction, income lost due to depredation and the perception of the farmers towards dhole conservation. Data were collected from 160 households within two strata of rural and semi-urban area in western Bhutan through semi-structured questionnaire and focused group discussions. Livestock depredation involved seven predators, which caused loss of 5% of the total average annual income of the farmers; which were significantly different between the predators involved. Dhole killed significantly more livestock than other predators and maximum kills were made in rural area than semi urban area. 60% of the incomes lost due to wild predators were caused by dhole with major impact in rural area. Majority of the respondents from rural area exhibited negative attitude towards dhole conservation. They suggested livestock depredation compensation schemes and other livelihood alternatives to minimize the impact of conflict, whereas majority of the respondents from semi-urban suggested electric fencing around their village as measures to reduce human wildlife conflict. Livestock compensation and insurance schemes, integrated conservation development programs, educational outreach programs with other livelihood alternatives such as ecotourism are recommended as intervention strategies to minimize human dhole conflict and create harmonic co-existence.

Assessing the failure of a community-based human-wildlife conflict mitigation project in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Webber ◽  
C. M. Hill ◽  
V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Budongo Forest Reserve ◽  
Budongo Forest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

AbstractPrimate crop raiding is a major cause of human-wildlife conflict around the forests of western Uganda. In an attempt to ameliorate the situation a conflict mitigation strategy was established in villages around the Budongo Forest Reserve in 2001. Live-traps were constructed that allowed the identification of crop raiding animals; pest species could be disposed of and threatened species released unharmed. However, by 2004 none of the traps in the study area were functioning and interviews were conducted to assess the reasons for their decline and local people's acceptance of the intervention. Forty-one percent of respondents did not believe the strategy was effective and the majority of local farmers did not accept responsibility for the traps. This was because of operational failures in four areas: (1) the identification of key stakeholders, (2) objective evaluation to assess the efficacy and benefit of the intervention, (3) participatory monitoring and evaluation, and (4) long-term funding commitment by conservation agencies. We examine the impact of these four elements upon the sustainability of the live-trap programme and stress the importance of recognizing and reporting failures to develop effective and acceptable mitigation strategies.

The impact of human–wildlife conflict on natural systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Woodroffe ◽  
Simon Thirgood ◽  
Alan Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Systems ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

scholarly journals The history, goals, and application of conservation physiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christine L. Madliger ◽  
Oliver P. Love ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Craig E. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Physiology ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Conservation physiology is a rapidly expanding, multi-disciplinary field that utilizes physiological tools, knowledge, and concepts to understand and solve conservation problems. Here we provide a consolidated overview of the scope and goals of conservation physiology, with a focus on animals. We outline the major avenues by which conservation physiology is contributing to the monitoring, management, and restoration of animal populations, and provide a summary of the tools currently available in the conservation physiology toolbox. Overall, we illustrate how a conservation physiology approach can provide sensitive biomarkers of environmental change, reveal the underlying mechanisms of conservation issues, and allow for proactive conservation strategies. In turn, conservation physiology can tackle diverse conservation issues ranging from monitoring environmental stress, predicting the impact of climate change, understanding disease dynamics, improving captive breeding, reducing human–wildlife conflict, and many others. The diversity of taxa, biological scales, and ecosystems that are highlighted illustrate the far-reaching nature of the discipline and allow readers to gain an appreciation of the purpose, value, and status of the field.

scholarly journals Human Wildlife Conflict and Impacts on Livelihood: A Study in Community Forestry System in Mid-Hills of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13170
Author(s):  
Kedar Baral ◽  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Ripu Kunwar ◽  
Craig Morley ◽  
Achyut Aryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Prey Populations

Human wildlife conflict (HWC) impacts the livelihood of many rural communities worldwide. This study investigated the impact of HWC on people living near community forests (CF) in Nepal. Using databases provided by the Division of Forest Offices and data obtained from surveys between October 2019–March 2020, we quantified the financial loss of HWC to the local people. Between 2015 and 2019, 3315, or 27%, of the livestock owned by the survey respondents were killed by wild predators in the Kaski and Tanahun Districts. Chicken (Gallus spp.) was the most common prey taken (80%), followed by sheep (Ovis spp.) and goats (Capra spp.) (15%), cows (Bos spp.) (2%), pigs (Sus spp.) (2%), and buffalo (Bubalus spp.) (1%). Leopards (Panthera pardus) were the primary predators, followed by golden jackals (Canis aureus), jungle cats (Felis chaus), yellow-throated martens (Martes flavigula), and Himalayan black bears (Ursus thibetanus). The financial loss of livestock during this period was USD $115,656.00, equivalent to USD $142.61 per household. Crops were also damaged and eaten by wildlife, and 2165 crop-raiding events were recorded between 2015 and 2019. Rice (Oryza sativa), followed by maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) were the main crops lost. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were the most common crop raiders, causing 74% of the damage, followed by Indian field mice (Mus booduga) (12%). From 2015 to 2019, crop losses equated to USD $83,424.00. Forest regeneration on abandoned agricultural land expanded wildlife habitats, enabling wild animals to come within reach of human settlements, which increased the likelihood of HWC events. Although the success of the community forest restoration program resulted in increased forest-cover, marginally increasing biodiversity, the reduced distance between human settlements and wildlife habitat, compounded by a lack of natural prey, may have unwittingly exacerbated HWC in this region. We recommend surveying predator and prey populations in the forest habitat, and implementing a habitat management program to improve prey populations within the community forests. Meantime, we propose establishing a financial relief and insurance program for crop and livestock losses at the local community level to alleviate any financial difficulties to the local communities caused by HWC.

Conservation Physiology

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Conservation Physiology ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Road Maps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Conservation physiology is a rapidly expanding, multi-disciplinary field that uses physiological tools to characterize and solve conservation problems. This text provides a consolidated overview of the scope, purpose, and goals of conservation physiology, with a focus on animals. It outlines the major avenues by which conservation physiology is contributing to the monitoring, management, and restoration of animal populations and defines opportunities for growth in the field. By using a series of case studies, it illustrates how approaches from the conservation physiology toolbox tackle diverse conservation issues ranging from monitoring environmental stress, predicting the impact of climate change, understanding disease dynamics, improving captive breeding, reducing human–wildlife conflict, and many others. Moreover, by acting as practical road maps across a diversity of subdisciplines, these case studies will serve to increase the accessibility of this discipline to new researchers. The diversity of taxa, biological scales, and ecosystems that are highlighted illustrate the far-reaching nature of the discipline and allow readers to gain an appreciation for the purpose, value, and status of the field.

scholarly journals Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Impacts Community Perceptions around Kibale National Park, Uganda

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lev Kolinski ◽  
Krista M. Milich
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Kibale National Park ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

The attitudes of community members living around protected areas are an important and often overlooked consideration for effective conservation strategies. Around Kibale National Park (KNP) in western Uganda, communities regularly face the threat of crop destruction from wildlife, including from a variety of endangered species, such as African elephants (Loxodonta africana), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), as well as other nonhuman primates, including olive baboons (Papio anubis). These frequent negative interactions with wildlife lead many community members to resent the park and the animals that live within it. To mitigate these issues, community members around KNP partnered with researchers to start a participatory action research project to reduce human-wildlife interactions. The project tested four sustainable human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies: digging and maintaining trenches around the park border, installing beehive fences in swampy areas where trenches could not be dug, planting tea as a buffer, and growing garlic as a cash crop. These physical exclusion methods and agriculture-based deterrents aimed to reduce crop destruction by wild animals and improve conditions for humans and wildlife alike. We conducted oral surveys with members of participating communities and a nonparticipating community that border KNP to determine the impact of these sustainable human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies on attitudes toward KNP, wildlife officials, and animal species in and around KNP. We found that there is a positive correlation between participation in the project and perceived benefits of living near KNP. We also found that respondents who participated in the project reported more positive feelings about the Uganda Wildlife Authority, the organization that oversees KNP. This research will help inform future conservation initiatives around KNP and other areas where humans and animals face conflict through crop damage.

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