National language policy and planning: migrant languages

1991 ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uldis Ozolins
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
National Language Policy ◽  
Policy And Planning

Language Policy and Planning in New Zealand

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
National Language Policy ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Language Issues

In 1992, the author of this paper was invited to New Zealand to work within the Ministry of Education on the development of a New Zealand National Languages Policy. Prior to the arrival of the author, Waite (1992a) had prepared a comprehensive document laying out the language issues in New Zealand (see also Peddie 1991). A search of the documentation available in New Zealand (see, e.g., Kaplan 1981, National Language Policy Secretariat 1989) suggests that the notion of a National Languages Policy has been under discussion in New Zealand for more than a quarter of a century. Largely, that discussion has produced a great number of seminars, retreats, symposia, colloquia, and other meetings, and a plethora of reports, most now overtaken by time.

Language Policy and Planning in Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Eggington
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
State Government ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
National Language Policy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Policy And Planning

Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).

Language policy and language planning in mainland Southeast Asia: Myanmar and Lisu

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

AbstractMost nations in mainland Southeast Asia and elsewhere have one national language as a focus of national identity and unity, supported by a language policy which promotes and develops this language. Indigenous and immigrant minority groups within each nation may be marginalized; their languages may become endangered. Some of the official national language policies and ethnic policies of mainland Southeast Asian nations aim to support both a national language and indigenous minority languages, but usually the real policy is less positive. It is possible to use sociolinguistic and educational strategies to maintain the linguistic heritage and diversity of a nation, develop bilingual skills among minority groups, and integrate minorities successfully into the nations where they live, but this requires commitment and effort from the minorities themselves and from government and other authorities. The main focus of this paper is two case studies: one of language policy and planning in Myanmar, whose language policy and planning has rarely been discussed before. The other is on the Lisu, a minority group in Myanmar and surrounding countries, who have been relatively successful in maintaining their language.

Bahasa Indonesia, Ethnic Languages and English: Perceptions on Indonesian Language Policy and Planning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanty Wirza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Recent Government ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Language policy and planning in Indonesia have been geared toward strengthening the national language Bahasa Indonesia and the preserving of hundreds of ethnic languages to strengthen its citizens’ linguistic identity in the mid of the pervasive English influences especially to the young generations. The study examines perceptions regarding the competitive nature of Bahasa Indonesia, ethnic languages, and English in contemporary multilingual Indonesia. Utilizing text analysis from two social media Facebook and Whatsapp users who were highly experienced and qualified language teachers and lecturers, the study revealed that the posts demonstrated discussions over language policy issues regarding Bahasa Indonesia and the preservation of ethnic language as well as the concerns over the need for greater access and exposure of English that had been limited due to recent government policies. The users seemed highly cognizant of the importance of strengthening and preserving the national and ethnic languages, but were disappointed by the lack of consistency in the implementation of these. The users were also captivated by the purchasing power English has to offer for their students. The users perceived that the government’s decision to reduce English instructional hours in the curriculum were highly politically charged and counterproductive to the nation’s advancement.

Loving but not living the vernacular

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Seyyed-Abdolhamid Mirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Professional Contexts

Traditional top-down conceptions of language policy and planning have been questioned by recent perspectives that advocate more localized accounts of language policy concerns in real-life social contexts. Schiffman’s (1996) conception of linguistic culture is one of these bottom-up approaches, which focuses on covert language policies. This study investigates some aspects of such covert orientations of speakers of the Mazandarani language towards their local vernacular in the bilingual Mazandarani–Farsi context of northern Iran. It specifically attempts to explore the current linguistic culture atmosphere in terms of assumptions, prejudices, attitudes, and stereotypes with regard to Mazandarani. These aspects of public belief are particularly investigated as referring to language use in ‘social situations’, ‘professional contexts’, ‘education’, and ‘media’. A group of 106 participants responded to a questionnaire that was aimed at eliciting their views on these linguistic culture domains as well as their ‘attitude’ towards Mazandarani. The study indicates that although the participants show very positive emotional attitudes towards their local language, their actual linguistic culture appears to be strongly in favor of the official national language, i.e. Farsi. Some concerns are raised as to the implications of such a loving-but-not-living linguistic culture for a more realistic understanding of language policy and planning.

Language Policy and Planning: Fundamental Issues

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
National Language ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy And Planning

For much of the 20th century, language policy and planning has been essentially overlooked except as an academic enterprise, being of serious interest largely only to a small coterie of specialists scattered thinly around the world. Still, at present, only a handful of universities in the world offers anything more than a random course in language policy/planning or simply subsumes the entire field in a couple of lectures in the introductory course in sociolinguistics. In the last decade of the 20th century, real-world events have thrust language policy and planning into prominence. The collapse of the former Soviet Union and the powerful resurgence of language loyalties in various Eastern European polities, the rapid economic unification of a multilingual Europe, changing global patterns of immigration, and global economic difficulties have coalesced to create new linguistic conditions and focus attention on long existing linguistic inequities. These conditions have brought into serious question the western notion of an idealized identity between nation and national language. This volume of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics has attempted to draw together various emerging perspectives on language policy and planning and to examine emerging circumstances in a selected set of illustrative areas:

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of English and Urdu contest: Language Planning and the Implementation of Article 251 in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Liaqat Iqbal ◽  
Irfan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Class Division ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Policy And Planning

Immediately after independence in 1947, Urdu became the national language of Pakistan. The constitution of 1973 promised the realization of this goal in Article 251. This paper analyses the causes of its lack of implementation with the help of textual analysis of archival sources. A historical overview of the introduction and domination of the English language in South Asia through colonial machinery explains the reasons for ambivalence about English and Urdu language to be entrenched in the colonial legacy and anticolonial nationalism. The lack of capacity and will combines with the forces for globalism in enhancing the position of the English language in Pakistan. Further, the association of English and Urdu with the existing class division has reduced the debate about language policy to rhetorical postures. The paper proposes a reconsideration of the historical top-down formation of language policy and planning and its replacement with a renewed bottom-up approach where diversity in Pakistan is accessed as a resource instead of treating it as a problem.

National Policy on Languages: A Community Language Perspective

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Smolicz
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
National Language ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
National Language Policy

A brief historical review of language policies in Australia up to the publication of the Senate Standing Committee's Report on a National Language Policy in 1984 is given. The recommendations of the Report are discussed in the light of the ethno-cultural or core value significance that community languages have for many minority ethnic groups in Australia. Recent research findings on such languages are presented and their implications for a national language policy considered. It is postulated that the linguistic pluralism generated by the presence of community languages needs to be viewed in the context of a framework of values that includes English as the shared language for all Australians. From this perspective, it is argued that the stress that the Senate Committee Report places upon the centrality of English in Australia should be balanced by greater recognition of the linguistic rights of minorities and their implications for bilingual education. It is pointed out that both these aspects of language policy have been given prominence in recent statements and guidelines released by the Ministers of Education in Victoria and South Australia. The paper concludes by pointing to the growing interest in the teaching of languages other than English to all children in Australian schools.

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