Opting for the Structural Break: The West German Currency Reform and Its Consequences

2004 ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Plumpe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Break ◽  
The West ◽  
Currency Reform ◽  
German Currency

Funny Money: Philanthropic Giving and the Money Illusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402094108
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Money Illusion ◽  
The World ◽  
Currency Reform ◽  
Before And After ◽  
East German ◽  
Real Purchasing ◽  
German Currency ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Over Time

This study argues that the size of philanthropic gifts is affected by donors’ perception of the value of their money. The essay examines aggregate giving to Bread for the World in former East Germany before and after two currency reforms and shows that decades of overvaluing the West German Deutschmark led East Germans to give less after the first currency reform while the second currency reform did not lead to such a drop off. The essay employs East German jokes to illustrate popular views of both East and West German currency that developed over time. It indicates that East Germans developed a perceived value of money separate from its real purchasing power, which affected their philanthropic donations. These findings are applicable to small and large philanthropic gifts, especially across currencies, as in international giving.

Great Britain and the Post-War German Currency Reform

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Turner
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Currency Reform ◽  
The Future ◽  
British Policy ◽  
Post War ◽  
German Currency

British policy towards Germany during the period of occupation aimed at preventing a resurgence of German military might in the future, whilst ensuring stable economic conditions in the short term. By mid 1946, however, the scale of the economic problems confronting the occupying powers in Germany had already manifested itself in the reduction of food rations and the consequent falling off in the output of Ruhr coal. The fragile economy was to suffer an even greater setback during the cruel winter of 1946/7. The immediate restoration of economic activity became imperative, not least because the dollar cost of sustaining the British Zone with imported grain weighed heavily on the British exchequer.

Prefab Prevails

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elise Sarotte
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The One ◽  
German Currency ◽  
Article 5

This chapter focuses on the prefab model, which was proposed by the Western allies in 1990. The United States and West Germany convincingly made the case for taking the West's prefabricated institutions, both for domestic order and international economic and military cooperation, and simply extending them eastward. This institutional-transfer model had the advantage of being quick, and dealing in known and successful commodities, such as the West German Basic Law, the West German currency (or DM), and the Article 5 mutual defense guarantee of NATO, to name a few. Indeed, the fact that both the European Community (EC) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were structurally capable of expansion provided useful precedents. Ultimately, the prefab model was the one model that proposed to harmonize both domestic and international institutions in Eastern Europe to preset Western standards.

scholarly journals Die DM ist tot! Es lebe der Euro!?

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (112) ◽  
pp. 395-431
Author(s):  
Elmar Altvater
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Currency Union ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Success Story ◽  
European Currency ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Currency Reform ◽  
German Currency

The paper compares the German currency reform in 1948, the German monetary union in 1990, and the European currency union in 1999. Because of special national and international conditions the currency reform in 1948 was the starting point of West German economic prosperity. Under present, quite different economic conditions it seems not very likely, that this success story will occur again with the installation of the Euro.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

The fight to save Uganda’s White Rhino

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
White Rhino

In the West Nile District of Uganda lives a population of white rhino—those relies of a past age, cumbrous, gentle creatures despite their huge bulk—which estimates only 10 years ago, put at 500. But poachers live in the area, too, and official counts showed that white rhino were being reduced alarmingly. By 1959, they were believed to be diminished to 300.

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