scholarly journals MP54: The prevalence and pattern of drugs detected in injured drivers in four Canadian provinces

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S62
Author(s):  
J. Brubacher ◽  
H. Chan ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
K. Koger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Trauma Centres ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Alcohol Impairment ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Introduction: Many drugs, including cannabis and alcohol, cause impairment and contribute to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Policy makers require knowledge of the prevalence of drug use in crash-involved drivers, and types of drugs used in order to develop effective prevention programs. This issue is particularly relevant with the recent legalization of cannabis. We aim to study the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis, sedating medications, and other drugs in injured drivers from 4 Canadian Provinces. Methods: This prospective cohort study obtained excess clinical blood samples from consecutive injured drivers who attended a participating Canadian trauma centre following a MVC. Blood samples were analyzed using a broad spectrum toxicology screen capable of detecting cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines (including their major analogues), and opioids as well as psychotropic pharmaceuticals (including antihistamines, benzodiazepines, other hypnotics, and sedating antidepressants). Alcohol and cannabinoids were quantified. Health records were reviewed to extract demographic, medical, and MVC information using a standardized data collection tool. Results: This study has been collecting data in 4 trauma centres in British Columbia (BC) since 2011 and was launched in 2 trauma centres in Alberta (AB), 1 in Saskatchewan (SK), and 2 in Ontario (ON) in 2018. In preliminary results from BC (n = 2412), 8% of injured drivers tested positive for THC and 13% for alcohol. Preliminary results from other provinces (n = 301) suggest a regional variation in prevalence of drivers testing positive for THC (10% - 27%), alcohol (17% - 29%), and other drugs. By May 2018, an estimated 4500 cases from BC, 600 from AB, 150 from SK, and 650 from ON will have been analyzed. We will report the prevalence of positive tests for alcohol, THC, other recreational drugs, and sedating medications, pre and post cannabis legalization. The number of cases with alcohol and/or THC levels above Canadian per se limits will also be reported. Results will be reported according to province, driver sex, age, single vs. multi vehicle crashes, and requirement for hospital admission. Conclusion: This will be among the largest international datasets on drug use by injured drivers. Our findings will provide patterns of drug and alcohol impairment in 4 Canadian provinces pre and post cannabis legalization. The significance of these findings and implication for impaired driving policy and prevention programs in Canada will be discussed.

Drug use in motor vehicle drivers presenting to an Australian, adult major trauma centre

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Wei Ch?ng ◽  
Mark Fitzgerald ◽  
Jim Gerostamoulos ◽  
Peter Cameron ◽  
Dinh Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Major Trauma Centre

scholarly journals Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fithria Fithria ◽  
Muhammad Adlim ◽  
Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah ◽  
Teuku Tahlil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Effective Prevention

Abstract Background The prevalence of smoking among adolescents is high in Indonesia. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslim adolescents on smoking habits as a reference for developing effective prevention programs. Methods Three focus group discussions involving 24 junior high school male students (mean age = 13.75 years) were the main source of data for this phenomenological qualitative study. The discussion guide was developed by the researchers based on the reviewed literature and validated by experts. The research findings were analyzed using an inductive content analysis with systematic steps based on the stages of qualitative data analysis. Results Adolescent perspectives on smoking were grouped into two themes: perception of smoking and smoking-related factors. The perception of smoking encompassed three sub-themes: smoking as a social habit, contradictive feelings, and the Islamic perspective. The smoking-related factors included peer pressure, the parents’ smoking status, masculinity and curiosity. The results indicated that adolescents consider smoking as a social habit but with contradictory feelings. The smoking habit was also stimulated by peer pressure, imitating parents who smoke, feeling masculine and curiosity. Conclusion We suggest that health professionals who are interested in developing smoking prevention programs in Indonesia should consider the adolescent perspective on smoking so that the prevention program will be more effective and appropriate for adolescents.

Issues in Disseminating and Replicating Effective Prevention Programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delbert S. Elliott ◽  
Sharon Mihalic
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Effective Prevention

scholarly journals Describing the Programme on Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Vengketeswara Rao ◽  
Nor Asiah Muhamad ◽  
Salmah Nordin ◽  
Ruziaton Hasim ◽  
Siti Nurhani Rafan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

INTRODUCTION: Drug addiction and drug abuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. Millions of people worldwide suffered from drug use disorders, directly and indirectly, attributable to drug use and included deaths related to HIV and hepatitis C acquired through unsafe injecting practices. Many parts of the world have a shortfall in prevention and treatment for drug use disorders, with only less than 10% of people with drug use disorders receiving treatment yearly. Medication-assisted treatment of opioid dependence like Methadone is used in maintenance therapy or detoxification helps people with drug use disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from an existing electronic dataset in Ministry of Health (MOH) from 2015 until 2019, which includes registered patients who had undergone Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) either government or private facilities were included. The dataset divided into few domains namely socio-demographic, treatment modalities, clinic location and history of infection. RESULTS: A total of 37 various government and private facilities deliver MMT programme in the state of Selangor offered to a total of 5337 patients. The youngest patients were in the early twenties and oldest were in late seventies. The median age of patients was 45 years and the majority were males. Most of them were having secondary education (SPM holder) and below. Most of MMT programme takers were opioid drug users then followed by Amphetamine Type Stimulant (ATS) as the second most used. Among MMT programme takers, about 34.1% were reactive for Hepatitis C, 6.6% reactive for HIV, 4.2% reactive for Hepatitis B and 1.7% acquired tuberculosis infection. Almost 5% of MMT takers had passed away, which the three main causes of death were AIDS, alleged motor vehicle accident and septic shock. None of MMT takers was died due to methadone. CONCLUSION: It is a great concern of the nation in combating drug-related problems due to the growing number of substance abusers. This review concluded that the MMT programme that widely available had shown a positive outcome by keeping lower mortality among MMT patients.

The Prevalence of Injuries among Pianists in Music Schools in Ireland

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Nora Shields ◽  
Sara Dockrell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Music Schools ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Piano Playing

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of injuries among pianists in music schools in Ireland. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the anatomical locations of these injuries, the most commonly reported symptoms, and possible risk factors for the development of playing-related injuries. A hand-delivered questionnaire was distributed to 182 students from seven participating music schools. The lifetime prevalence for a playing-related injury, which prevented piano playing for a period of 48 hours or longer, was 25.8%. The wrist was the most common location of injury (36.6%). Pain was the most commonly reported symptom among the respondents. No statistically significant difference in the rate of injury was found between the genders. It was concluded that further research is required into the prevalence of injury and to the predisposing factors of injury so that effective prevention programs can be put in place.

Significance of Body Image and Eating Disturbances

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
Heather Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Body Project ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Eating disorders are one of the most prevalent classes of psychiatric disorders for adolescent and young-adult females, affecting approximately 10% of young women. Approximately 40-50% of women experience body dissatisfaction, which is a key risk factor for eating disorders. Unfortunately, less than 50% of those with eating disorders receive treatment and treatment can be very expensive. Thus, developing and disseminating effective prevention programs has become a public healthy priority. Of the many eating disorder prevention programs that have been created, very few have significantly reduced eating disorder risk factors and symptoms in controlled trials, and only two (Body Project, Project Health) have significantly reduced the risk for future onset of eating disorders.

scholarly journals Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use Prevention Programs in U.S. Schools: A Descriptive Summary

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy Kumar ◽  
Patrick M. O’Malley ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston ◽  
Virginia B. Laetz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Drug Use Prevention
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