scholarly journals The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. S3-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Nathalie Jetté ◽  
Jodie I. Roberts ◽  
Colleen J. Maxwell ◽  
Eric E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Annual Period ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

AbstractIntroductionDementia is a common neurological condition affecting many older individuals that leads to a loss of independence, diminished quality of life, premature mortality, caregiver burden and high levels of healthcare utilization and cost. This is an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia.MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 (1985 for Canadian papers) and July of 2012. Papers selected for full-text review were included in the systematic review if they provided an original population-based estimate for the incidence and/or prevalence of dementia. The reference lists of included articles were also searched for additional studies. Two individuals independently performed abstract and full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment of the papers. Random-effects models and/or meta-regression were used to generate pooled estimates by age, sex, setting (i.e., community, institution, both), diagnostic criteria utilized, location (i.e., continent) and year of data collection.ResultsOf 16,066 abstracts screened, 707 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 160 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among individuals 60 and over residing in the community, the pooled point and annual period prevalence estimates of dementia were 48.62 (CI95%: 41.98-56.32) and 69.07 (CI95%: 52.36-91.11) per 1000 persons, respectively. The respective pooled incidence rate (same age and setting) was 17.18 (CI95%: 13.90-21.23) per 1000 person-years, while the annual incidence proportion was 52.85 (CI95%: 33.08-84.42) per 1,000 persons. Increasing participant age was associated with a higher dementia prevalence and incidence. Annual period prevalence was higher in North America than in South America, Europe and Asia (in order of decreasing period prevalence) and higher in institutional compared to community and combined settings. Sex, diagnostic criteria (except for incidence proportion) and year of data collection were not associated with statistically significant different estimates of prevalence or incidence, though estimates were consistently higher for females than males.ConclusionsDementia is a common neurological condition in older individuals. Significant gaps in knowledge about its epidemiology were identified, particularly with regard to the incidence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries. Accurate estimates of prevalence and incidence of dementia are needed to plan for the health and social services that will be required to deal with an aging population.

Data Collection Methods for the Voice Range Profile: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1716-1734
Author(s):  
Grace M. Cutchin ◽  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Aurora J. Weaver ◽  
Mary J. Sandage
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Collection Methods

Purpose To assess data collection variability in the voice range profile (VRP) across clinicians and researchers, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the extent of variability of specific data collection points that affect the determination of frequency range and sound level and determine next steps in standardization of a VRP protocol. Method A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis checklist. Full-text journal articles were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, Psych Info, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, and hand searching of journals. Results A total of 1,134 articles were retrieved from the search; of these, 463 were duplicates. Titles and abstracts of 671 articles were screened, with 202 selected for full-text review. Fifty-four articles were considered eligible for inclusion. The information extracted from these articles revealed the methodology used to derive the VRP was extremely variable across the data points selected. Additionally, there were eight common acoustic measures used for statistical analysis described in included studies that were added as a data point. Conclusions The data collection methods for the VRP varied considerably. Standardization of procedures was recommended for clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals A180 SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING SCORES TO PREDICT ADVERSE OUTCOMES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
M M Almaghrabi ◽  
M Gandhi ◽  
A Iansavitchene ◽  
V Jairath ◽  
M Sey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Endoscopic Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Background Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common reason for emergency hospitalization. In most patients bleeding resolves spontaneously, although some presentations result in adverse outcome such as transfusion, therapeutic intervention, rebleeding and mortality. Risk prediction scores are important to stratify patients at presentation with LGIB. Aims To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing LGIB risk prediction scores. We provide a summary effect measure of their predictive values for 30-day mortality, safe discharge, rebleeding, need for blood transfusion, and need for endoscopic therapy/IR/surgery. Methods Electronic search for relevant publications after 1990 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, NIH ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We also searched relevant published conference abstracts over the past 5 years. Studies with a primary goal of deriving or validating a LGIB risk score were included. Title and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers and then full text review was done by both reviewers. Results Our search identified 1,832 citations for review. After title and abstract review, 68 publications were selected for full text review. So far, a total of 16 citations were excluded since we started full text review including: insufficient information (n=14), review article (n=2). Thus far, we identified 14 risk scores and algorithms from 9 studies. Two of the risk scores are UGIB risk scores that were assessed for LGIB. Of these studies, 3 were validation studies, one derivation study and five for both validation and derivation. The scores assessed safety of discharge (n=3), mortality (n=4), need for therapy (n=8), severe bleeding (n=8) and requirement for blood transfusion (n=1). A meta-analysis will follow. Conclusions We conducted a systematic review of LGIB risk scores, with a meta-analysis to follow if appropriate, for use to predict 30-day mortality, safe discharge, rebleeding, required blood transfusion, endoscopic therapy/IR/surgery. Funding Agencies None

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. S51-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Jodie I. Roberts ◽  
Colleen J. Maxwell ◽  
David B. Hogan ◽  
Eric E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundUpdated information on the epidemiology of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is needed to ensure that adequate resources are available to meet current and future healthcare needs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and prevalence of AD.MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 1985 to 2012, as well as the reference lists of selected articles. Included articles had to provide an original population-based estimate for the incidence and/or prevalence of AD. Two individuals independently performed abstract and full-text reviews, data extraction and quality assessments. Random-effects models were employed to generate pooled estimates stratified by age, sex, diagnostic criteria, location (i.e., continent) and time (i.e., when the study was done).ResultsOf 16,066 abstracts screened, 707 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 119 studies met the inclusion criteria. In community settings, the overall point prevalence of dementia due to AD among individuals 60+ was 40.2 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 29.1-55.6), and pooled annual period prevalence was 30.4 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 15.6-59.1). In community settings, the overall pooled annual incidence proportion of dementia due to AD among individuals 60+ was 34.1 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 16.4-70.9), and the incidence rate was 15.8 per 1000 person-years (CI95%: 12.9-19.4). Estimates varied significantly with age, diagnostic criteria used and location (i.e., continent).ConclusionsThe burden of AD dementia is substantial. Significant gaps in our understanding of its epidemiology were identified, even in a high-income country such as Canada. Future studies should assess the impact of using such newer clinical diagnostic criteria for AD dementia such as those of the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association and/or incorporate validated biomarkers to confirm the presence of Alzheimer pathology to produce more precise estimates of the global burden of AD.

scholarly journals A115 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING RISK SCORES TO PREDICT ADVERSE OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
M M Almaghrabi ◽  
M Gandhi ◽  
L Guizzetti ◽  
A Iansavitchene ◽  
K Oakland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Abstract Background Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common reason for emergency hospitalization. In most patients, bleeding resolves spontaneously but some cases can be fatal. Risk prediction scores can be useful in risk stratifying patients with LGIB at the time of presentation although the most discriminative LGIB risk score is unknown. Aims To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing LGIB risk prediction scores. Methods Following the PRISMA statement, a systematic search for relevant publications after 1990 was conducted in Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL electronic databases. We also searched published conference abstracts over the past 5 years. Studies with a primary aim of deriving or validating a LGIB risk score were included. Title and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers followed by full text review and data extraction by both reviewers. Diagnostic classification data for combinations of risk score and clinical outcome were meta-analyzed using a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) model, allowing for random-effects by study, and fixed-effect of the risk score thresholds to influence both sensitivity and specificity. Area under the summary ROC were estimated from model parameters for the pre-specified LGIB risk score thresholds-of-interest. Results Our search identified 2,331 citations for review, of which 100 remained after the title and abstract screen, and 18 ultimately met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis after full text review. From these, we identified 21 risk prediction scores for LGIB, although only four had sufficient number of papers to meta-analyze (Oakland, Strate, NOBLADS, and BLEED score). For the outcome safe discharge from hospital, the Oakland score had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 85.5% (95% CI: 82.1%, 88.3%). For the outcome major bleeding, the Oakland score had an AUROC of 78.9% (95% CI: 75.1%, 82.2%); the Strate score had an AUROC of 74.4% (95% CI: 70.4%, 78.0%); the NOBLADS score had an AUROC of 60.3% (95% CI: 55.9%, 64.5%); and the BLEED score had an AUROC of 65.6% (95% CI: 61.4%, 69.7%). For the outcome, need for hemostasis, the Oakland had an AUROC of 99.0% (95% CI: 97.7%, 99.6%); the Strate score had an AUROC of 82.1% (95% CI: 78.5%, 85.2%); the NOBLADS score had an AUROC of 23.9% (95% CI: 20.3%, 27.8%). For the outcome, need for transfusion, the Oakland score had an AUROC of 99.0% (95% CI: 97.7%, 99.6%); the NOBLADS score had an AUROC of 87.7% (95% CI: 84.5%, 90.3%). Conclusions The Oakland score was the most discriminative risk prediction model for safe discharge from hospital, major bleeding, need for hemostasis, and need for transfusion. Funding Agencies None

scholarly journals Association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Shrestha ◽  
Ashley Ng ◽  
Amal Al-Ghareeb ◽  
Fatimah Alenazi ◽  
Richard Gray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Full Text Screening

Abstract Background Self-care behaviours in people living with type 2 diabetes are important to achieving optimal glycemic control. Major depression in type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased adherence to self-care behaviours. The association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours, however, has not previously been systematically reviewed. Methods Five electronic databases were searched to identify observational studies in adults with type 2 diabetes investigating the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours. Two reviewers independently completed title and abstract and full-text screening, appraised study quality, and extracted the data. Included articles were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results A total of 6,408 articles were identified through the database searching. After the abstract and full-text review, two articles met the inclusion criteria. Due to a limited number of studies, a meta-analysis could not be done. The two studies showed inconsistent findings on the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours. Important risks of bias were identified in both the included studies. Conclusions There is no clear evidence that subthreshold depression is associated with self-care behaviours in adults with type 2 diabetes. Our review established a gap in knowledge and suggests that further high-quality studies are needed to examine the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018116373

scholarly journals 1129Uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities; a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukri Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Background We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities in sub-Saharan African countries. Methods We searched MEDLINE via OVID, Embase, and Web of Science as well as Grey literature for studies published between January 2000 to June 15th, 2019 without setting or language restriction. Eleven comorbidities were considered for this review. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed, and random-effect models meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbid conditions. Heterogeneity (I²) was assessed via the χ² test on Cochran’s Q statistic. This review is published in Systematic Reviews and registered in PROSPERO number CRD42019108218. Results We screened 7365 records of which 509 studies were included for full-text review. Following full text review, only 19 articles were included for meta-analyses. Ten articles were among diabetic patients, five articles among HIV patients, two were among stroke patents while chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation had one article each. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with diabetes was 65·3% (95% prediction interval 69·5–96·1; I² 99·8%), Conclusions The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities is high in SSA. Key messages These findings strongly support an urgent need for comprehensive studies that report on the hypertensive treatment state and blood pressure control state of study participants with comorbidities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of different gestational-diabetes (GDM) diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes. The search process encompassed PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, published in English language and with a focus on adverse-maternal-outcomes up to January 2020. According to GDM diagnostic criteria, the studies were classified into seven groups. A total of 49 population-based studies consisting of 1409018 pregnant women with GDM and 7,667,546 non-GDM counterparts were selected for data analysis and knowledge synthesis. Accordingly, the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes including primary-cesarean, induction of labor, maternal-hemorrhage, and pregnancy-related-hypertension, overall, regardless of GDM diagnostic-criteria and in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. However, in meta-regression, the increased risk was not influenced by the GDM diagnostic-classification and the magnitude of the risks among patients, using the IADPSG criteria-classification as the most strict-criteria, was similar to other criteria. In conclusion, a reduction in the diagnostic-threshold increased the prevalence of GDM, but the risk of adverse-maternal-outcome was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. Our review findings can empower health-care-providers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Running and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Timmins ◽  
Richard D. Leech ◽  
Mark E. Batt ◽  
Kimberley L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Knee Joint Surgery ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by pain, impaired function, and reduced quality of life. A number of risk factors for knee OA have been identified, such as obesity, occupation, and injury. The association between knee OA and physical activity or particular sports such as running is less clear. Previous reviews, and the evidence that informs them, present contradictory or inconclusive findings. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to determine the association between running and the development of knee OA. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched, along with citations in eligible articles and reviews and the contents of recent journal issues. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts using prespecified eligibility criteria. Full-text articles were also independently assessed for eligibility. Eligible studies were those in which running or running-related sports (eg, triathlon or orienteering) were assessed as a risk factor for the onset or progression of knee OA in adults. Relevant outcomes included (1) diagnosis of knee OA, (2) radiographic markers of knee OA, (3) knee joint surgery for OA, (4) knee pain, and (5) knee-associated disability. Risk of bias was judged by use of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed with case-control studies investigating arthroplasty. Results: After de-duplication, the search returned 1322 records. Of these, 153 full-text articles were assessed; 25 were eligible, describing 15 studies: 11 cohort (6 retrospective) and 4 case-control studies. Findings of studies with a diagnostic OA outcome were mixed. Some radiographic differences were observed in runners, but only at baseline within some subgroups. Meta-analysis suggested a protective effect of running against surgery due to OA: pooled odds ratio 0.46 (95% CI, 0.30-0.71). The I2 was 0% (95% CI, 0%-73%). Evidence relating to symptomatic outcomes was sparse and inconclusive. Conclusion: With this evidence, it is not possible to determine the role of running in knee OA. Moderate- to low-quality evidence suggests no association with OA diagnosis, a positive association with OA diagnosis, and a negative association with knee OA surgery. Conflicting results may reflect methodological heterogeneity. More evidence from well-designed, prospective studies is needed to clarify the contradictions.

scholarly journals Mini-Implant-Retained Overdentures for the Rehabilitation of Completely Edentulous Maxillae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4377
Author(s):  
Serena Vi ◽  
Damon Pham ◽  
Yu Yian Marina Du ◽  
Himanshu Arora ◽  
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Full Text Review

Purpose: Mini-dental implants (MDIs) have been used to support and retain overdentures, providing patients with a less invasive placement procedure. Although lucrative, the use of MDIs to retain a maxillary overdenture is still not an established treatment modality. This systematic review aims to answer the question: Do mini-implant-retained maxillary overdentures provide a satisfactory treatment outcome for complete edentulism? Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted to include articles published until April 2021 in the following electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. All empirical studies evaluating the biological, survival, or patient-reported outcomes after placing mini-implant-retained overdentures in maxilla were considered for inclusion. The risk of bias was assessed by utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Study screening and data extraction were conducted by three reviewers independently. Results: The electronic search retrieved 1276 titles after omitting duplicates. Twenty articles were considered for full-text review, of which six studies were included in this systematic review. The included studies evaluated a total of 173 participants with a mean age of 66.3 years. The overall mini-implant survival rate was 77.1% (95% CI: 64.7–89.5%) with a mean follow-up time of 1.79 years (range: 6 months to 3 years). Implant survival differed significantly when comparing complete and partial palatal coverage overdentures. Those with complete palatal coverage exhibited less bone loss overall compared to partial coverage overdentures. Participants of all studies reported an increase in the quality of life and in satisfaction after rehabilitation treatment with MDIs. Conclusions: The survival rate of mini-implants retaining an overdenture in the maxilla was observed to be lower than the values reported for traditional implants in the literature. Improvements were observed in all aspects in terms of patient satisfaction, quality of life, oromyofunction, and articulation after the treatment.

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