scholarly journals Social Determinants of Traumatic Brain Injury in the North American Indigenous Population: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin J. Zeiler ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
North American ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

AbstractObjective:Given the difficult to navigate literature on social determinants in Indigenous traumatic brain injury (TBI) we wished to identify all available literature on the social determinants of health linked to TBI in the North American Indigenous populations.Methods:We performed a systematically conducted review. We searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2016. A two-step review process of the search results was performed, applying defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The final group of articles had the data extracted and summarized.Results:Ten manuscripts were identified to discuss some social determinant linked to TBI in the North American Indigenous populations. Two studies were focused on Canadian populations, with the remaining 8 studies focused on populations within the United States. Six social health determinants were identified within the studies, including: Rural location (Physical Environment) in seven studies, Male gender in five studies and Female gender in one study (in the setting of interpersonal violence) (Gender), Substance use in four studies and failure to utilize personal protective equipment in one study (Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills), Interpersonal Violence in one study (Social Environment), availability of rehabilitation services in one study (Health Services), and lack of family and friend presence during meetings with healthcare professionals in one study (Social Support Network).Conclusions:To date, little literature is available on the social determinants that impact TBI in the North American Indigenous population. Further research is warranted to better determine the incidence and social determinants associated.

scholarly journals P.080 Traumatic brain injury in a rural indigenous population in Canada: a community-based approach to surveillance

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
O Lasry ◽  
RW Dudley ◽  
R Fuhrer ◽  
J Torrie ◽  
R Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multiple Imputations

Background: Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). These populations rely on large jurisdiction surveillance efforts to inform their prevention strategies, which may not address their needs. This study describes the TBI determinants of a Quebec indigenous population, the Cree served by the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James health region, and compares them to the determinants of two neighbouring health regions and the entire Province of Quebec. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of incident TBI hospitalizations, stratified by the aforementioned health regions, in Quebec from 2000-2012. MED-éCHO administrative data were used for case finding. A sub-analysis of the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James adults was completed to assess for determinants of TBI severity and outcomes. Regression models, multiple imputations and a sensitivity analysis were used to account for biased associations. Results: 172 incident TBI hospitalizations occurred in the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James region from 2000-2012. The incidence rate was 92.1 per 100,000 person-years and the adjusted IRR was 1.86 (95% CI 1.56-2.17) when compared to the entire province. Determinants of TBI for the Terres-Cries-de-la-Baie-James were significantly different from those of neighboring populations and the entire province. Conclusions: TBI surveillance information from large jurisdiction initiatives can be misleading for indigenous communities. Community-based surveillance provides evidence that these populations should use to prioritize prevention strategies.

scholarly journals “The Future of Archaeology Is Antiracist”: Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ayana Omilade Flewellen ◽  
Justin P. Dunnavant ◽  
Alicia Odewale ◽  
Alexandra Jones ◽  
Tsione Wolde-Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The North ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

This forum builds on the discussion stimulated during an online salon in which the authors participated on June 25, 2020, entitled “Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter,” and which was cosponsored by the Society of Black Archaeologists (SBA), the North American Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG), and the Columbia Center for Archaeology. The online salon reflected on the social unrest that gripped the United States in the spring of 2020, gauged the history and conditions leading up to it, and considered its rippling throughout the disciplines of archaeology and heritage preservation. Within the forum, the authors go beyond reporting the generative conversation that took place in June by presenting a road map for an antiracist archaeology in which antiblackness is dismantled.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury in a rural indigenous population in Canada: a community-based approach to surveillance

CMAJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. E249-E259 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lasry ◽  
R. W. Dudley ◽  
R. Fuhrer ◽  
J. Torrie ◽  
R. Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Community Based

The Death of Caucasus Philology: Towards a Discipline Beyond Areal Divides

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gould
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cold War ◽  
American Academy ◽  
North American ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
The Cold War

This essay investigates the challenges facing Caucasus philology, by which I mean the institutional capacity to conduct deep research into the literary cultures of Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia, Daghestan, and Chechnya. I argue that the philological approach to the literary cultures of the Caucasus has been a casualty of the rise of areas studies in the North American academy during the Cold War, and that Cold War legacies continue to shape Caucasus Studies to this day. I conclude by offering three proposals for opening exchanges between the humanities and the social sciences within Caucasus Studies. More broadly, this essay argues for a rapprochement between the social sciences and philological inquiry vis-à-vis the Caucasus.

Abstract P385: Pregnancy Care Must Do More to Meet Women's Social Needs: A Systematic Review of Interventions Addressing the Social Determinants of Health

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Reyes ◽  
Rabih Dahdouh ◽  
Precious Akanyirige ◽  
Araceli Estrada ◽  
Maria R Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Pregnancy Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Consistent evidence has shown that the social determinants of health (SDoH) play an important role in shaping overall health. As health systems become more focused on improving the health of populations, there is an urgent need for interventions that address upstream factors such as the social determinants of health. Such interventions have not been widely studied and even less work exists in the realm of maternal health. But as maternal and infant mortality remain critical issues, there is great opportunity for the study and development of interventions to address social needs in pregnancy care. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that most existing interventions addressing the social needs of pregnant women would focus only on identifying social risks, while fewer would connect patients with resources in the community. We expected that most studies would not provide evaluations of effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a database search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science to capture literature published between January 1970 and April 2019. A team of reviewers screened titles and abstracts for interventions that were issued in a clinical setting and addressed at least one SDoH as defined by the World Health Organization. Results: Preliminary results revealed 25 studies. All consisted of some form of risk screening and four included a referral process. Interventions addressing intimate partner violence were most numerous followed by psychosocial factors and cigarette smoking. Financial needs were assessed in one study. Eight studies included an evaluation process. Staff carrying out the interventions were primarily research staff, nurse practitioners or nurse midwives. Conclusions: In conclusion, more must be done to connect pregnant women with social resources. As unmet social needs put women at higher risk for poor outcomes in pregnancy, action should be taken to more seamlessly integrate social needs interventions into clinical workflows. Focus should expand beyond traditional social risk screening to capture a wider range of needs including financial stability, housing, and transportation. These are particularly important during pregnancy because adequate prenatal care requires women to be more engaged with the health care system than they would to maintain baseline health.

scholarly journals Rethinking Suicide in Rural Australia: A study Protocol for Examining and Applying Knowledge of the Social Determinants to Improve Prevention in Non-Indigenous Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Scott J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Bronwyn K. Brew ◽  
Donna M. Y. Read ◽  
Kerry J. Inder ◽  
Alan Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Rural Australia

Disproportionate rates of suicide in rural Australia in comparison to metropolitan areas pose a significant public health challenge. The dynamic interrelationship between mental and physical health, social determinants, and suicide in rural Australia is widely acknowledged. Advancement of this knowledge, however, remains hampered by a lack of adequate theory and methods to understand how these factors interact, and the translation of this knowledge into constructive strategies and solutions. This paper presents a protocol for generating a comprehensive dataset of suicide deaths and factors related to suicide in rural Australia, and for building a program of research to improve suicide prevention policy and practice to better address the social determinants of suicide in non-indigenous populations. The two-phased study will use a mixed-methods design informed by intersectionality theory. Phase One will extract, code, and analyse quantitative and qualitative data on suicide in regional and remote Australia from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS). Phase Two will analyse suicide prevention at three interrelated domains: policy, practice, and research, to examine alignment with evidence generated in Phase One. Findings from Phase One and Two will then be integrated to identify key points in suicide prevention policy and practice where action can be initiated.

The Social Construction of the North American Honeymoon, 1880-1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Bulcroff ◽  
Richard Bulcroff ◽  
Linda Smeins ◽  
Helen Cranage
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Mannitol cannot reduce the mortality on acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients: a meta–analyses and systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Mingwei Sun ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
Xiao-ping Cao ◽  
Jun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library

Abstract Background We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of mannitol (MTL) on patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Databases such as PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 3), ISI (Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded), Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) have been searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 2003 and 1 October 2014. We have established inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify RCTs, which were suitable to be enrolled in the systematic review. The comparison group could be hypertonic saline (HS), hydroxyethyl starch, or others. The quality assessment was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 and modified Jadad score scale. The major outcome was mortality, followed by the secondary outcomes such as neurological outcome, days on intensive care unit (ICU), and ventilator day. In addition, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used as the surrogate endpoints. Data synthesis and meta-analysis was conducted by using R (version 3.7-0.). Results When 176 potential relevant literatures and abstracts have been screened, four RCTs met all the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for the meta-analysis. Amongst all the enrolled studies, two trials have provided the primary outcome data. There was no heterogeneity between two studies (I2 = 0 %) and a fixed model was used for meta-analysis (n = 53), pooled result indicated that the mortality was similar in mannitol intervention and control treatment, OR = 0.80, 95 % CI [0.27, 2.37], P = 0.38. We found that both mannitol and HS were efficient in decreasing the ICP. Furthermore, the effect of the HS on the ICP appeared to be more effective in the patients with diffuse brain injuries than mannitol did. Conclusions As a conclusion, the mannitol therapy cannot reduce the mortality risk of acute severe traumatic brain injury. Current evidence does not support the mannitol as an effective treatment of acute severe traumatic brain injury. The well-designed randomized controlled trials are in urgent need to demonstrate the adoption of mannitol to acute severe traumatic brain injury.

Irony and Empathy in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
Nevena Simic ◽  
Alba Agostino ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
And Gender

AbstractSocial communication involves influencing what other people think and feel about themselves. We use the term conative theory of mind (ToM) to refer to communicative interactions involving one person trying to influence the mental and emotional state of another, paradigmatic examples of which are irony and empathy. This study reports how children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) understand ironic criticism and empathic praise, on a task requiring them to identify speaker belief and intention for direct conative speech acts involving literal truth, and indirect speech acts involving either ironic criticism or empathic praise. Participants were 71 children in the chronic state of a single TBI and 57 age- and gender-matched children with orthopedic injuries (OI). Group differences emerged on indirect speech acts involving conation (i.e., irony and empathy), but not on structurally and linguistically identical direct speech acts, suggesting specific deficits in this aspect of social cognition in school-age children with TBI. Deficits in children with mild-moderate TBI were less widespread and more selective than those of children with more severe injuries. Deficits in understanding the social, conative function of indirect speech acts like irony and empathy have widespread and deep implications for social function in children with TBI. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

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