scholarly journals 2530

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Bernadette McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Science Discussion ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Equity Model

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Discuss ethical and policy issues that will impact clinical research. Raise awareness of the need to understand internal policies at home institutions Encourage further examination of ways to facilitate clinical research participation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Ethical and policy analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Ideally, clinical research participants should not be required to pay to participate in research. However, if we go with an equity model, as opposed to an equality model, policies should be changed to allow equal access to research participation. This is a matter of justice and also will enhance the quality of the science. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Unless steps are taken to make participation in clinical research less burdensome financially for participants, research may slow or results may be biased, because only those who can pay will be able to participate.

scholarly journals Therapeutic appropriation: a new concept in the ethics of clinical research

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind McDougall ◽  
Dominique Martin ◽  
Lynn Gillam ◽  
Nina Hallowell ◽  
Alison Brookes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Therapeutic Misconception ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Therapeutic Needs

Ethical concerns about therapeutic misconception have been raised since the early 1980s. This concept was originally described as research participants' assumptions that decisions relating to research interventions are made on the basis of their individual therapeutic needs. The term has since been used to refer to a range of ‘misunderstandings’ that research participants may have. In this paper, we describe a new concept—therapeutic appropriation. Therapeutic appropriation occurs when patients, or clinicians, actively reframe research participation as an opportunity to enhance patients' clinical care, while simultaneously acknowledging the generalised research aims. To illustrate the concept of therapeutic appropriation, we draw on data from an interview study which we conducted to investigate the experiences of patients and general practitioners involved in clinical trials in primary care. We argue that therapeutic appropriation has two key elements: comprehension that the research project is not necessarily aiming to benefit participants and the deliberate use of incidental features of the research for personal therapeutic benefit of various kinds. We conclude that therapeutic appropriation is a useful concept that refines understanding of potential ethical problems in clinical research, and points to strategies to address them.

scholarly journals 2433 Community forums as a channel for communicating with the public and to influence perceptions of cancer clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Flood-Grady ◽  
Vaughan James ◽  
Janice L. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Community Forum ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Influence Perceptions

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Cancer clinical trials (CCTs) are vital tools in the advancement of cancer prevention and treatment. Yet, only 3%–5% of eligible patients enroll in CCTs. Low participation can be attributed, in part, to poor communication as well as a lack of awareness and understanding about CCTs. In order to increase participation in trials, interventions should foster meaningful communication about cancer prevention and CCTs, especially between medical professionals and members of the community. Community forums provide a channel to communicate about cancer with members public and to educate prospective participants about CCTs. Thus, our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of hosting community forums about cancer in order to educate the public and influence perceptions of CCT participation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: During the Spring of 2016, participants (n=51) who attended a community forum about CCTs completed a pretest and post-test survey assessing their understanding and perceptions of CCTs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results from the pretest to post-test survey revealed a significant positive increase (p=0.01) in participants’ attitudes toward cancer clinical research as well as marginally significant increases in participants’ perceived subjective norms (p=0.06) about participating in CCTs and the perceived personal relevance (p=0.06) of clinical research participation pretest and post-test. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings suggest that community forums about cancer and CCTs could lead to an increased awareness and understanding of CCTs among members of the population and could be useful channels for cancer interventions.

‘Who is going to put their life on the line for a dollar? That’s crazy’: community perspectives of financial compensation in clinical research

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106715
Author(s):  
Amie Devlin ◽  
Kirsten Brownstein ◽  
Jennifer Goodwin ◽  
Emily Gibeau ◽  
Mariana Pardes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
Black African ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Available Information

BackgroundFinancial compensation of research participants has been standard practice for centuries, however, there is an ongoing debate among researchers and ethicists regarding the ethical nature of this practice. While these debates develop ethical arguments and theories, they fail to incorporate input from those most affected by financial compensation: potential research participants.MethodsTo identify attitudes surrounding clinical research, participants of a long-standing cohort completed a one-time interview. Open-ended questions stimulated a participant-driven discussion surrounding medical research. Following a grounded theory methodology, 58 semistructured interview transcripts were coded, focusing on attitudes surrounding financial compensation of research participants.ResultsOf the interviews coded, the majority of participants identified as Black/African American (n=44) and were women (n=40). Five major themes emerged. In support of financial compensation, participants felt that study participants should be compensated for time, effort and risk. However, participants were concerned that compensation may differentially impact low-income populations and entice them to hide potentially harmful side effects. Participants also mentioned that financial compensation may invalidate study results if participants knowingly provide false information to subvert inclusion/exclusion criteria.ConclusionThe emergence of both positive and negative themes reiterates the complicated issue of providing financial compensation for study participation. While compensation as a motivator for research participation raises ethical concerns, participants discussed weighing the benefits with the risks in order to make an informed decision. To avoid paternalistic behaviours, research staff must allow potential research participants to review the available information and make the decision that best reflects their wishes.

Debates on monetary policy issues and economic situation: Searching for constructive comments

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mogilat ◽  
Y. Achkasov ◽  
A. Egorov ◽  
A. Klimovets ◽  
S. Donets
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions

The article discusses approaches and instruments used in the Bank of Russia public analytical materials for analysis and forecast of macroeconomic conditions and monetary indicators. The authors focus on indicators of business cycle and monetary conditions, as crucial for monetary policy analysis. The attention is paid to issues most frequently discussed in scientific and expert literature, specifically, to new indicators and models presented in the Bank of Russia Monetary Policy Reports in 2015.

PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN NILAI PELANGGAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TOKO SERBA ADA MATAHARI DI PONDOK GEDE PLAZA KOTA BEKASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Drs. Iwan Kurniawan Subagja, SE., MM. ◽  
Adista Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Study Population

Business competition is currently increasingly stringent requires that marketers develop marketing strategy that is telling. Companies that win business competition can solidify the company's position to survive in the future. This research study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and customer value on customer satisfaction of Multipurpose Shop Matahari in Pondok Gede Plaza simultaneously and partially. The study population is all customers of multipurpose store Matahari. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis technique, with survey data and questionnaire to 130 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the quality of service and customer value positively and significantly affect the customer satisfaction, service quality and customer value positively and partially significant to customer satisfaction.

Systematic approaches in water management: Aquatic outlook and decision support systems combining monitoring, research, policy analysis and information technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Jong ◽  
J. T. van Buuren ◽  
J. P. A. Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Life On Earth

Sustained developments is the target of almost every modern water management policy. Sustainability is focused on human life and on the ecological quality of our environment. Both aspects are essential for life on earth. Within a river catchment area this means that well balanced relations have to be laid between human activities and ecological aspects in the involved areas. Policy analysis is especially looking for the most efficient way to analyse and to overcome bottlenecks. In The Netherlands project “The Aquatic Outlook” all these elements are worked out in a nationwide scale, providing the scientific base and policy analysis from which future water management plans can be derived.

Scoundrels or Stars? Theory and Evidence on the Quality of Workers in Online Labor Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Farrell ◽  
Jonathan H. Grenier ◽  
Justin Leiby
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Online Labor Markets ◽  
Online Labor ◽  
Low Pay

ABSTRACT Online labor markets allow rapid recruitment of large numbers of workers for very low pay. Although online workers are often used as research participants, there is little evidence that they are motivated to make costly choices to forgo wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions. Thus, we investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete. Three experiments examine the costly choices of online workers relative to student research participants. We find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices, even at significantly lower wages. We also find that online workers are sensitive to performance-based wages, which are just as effective in inducing high effort as high fixed wages. We discuss implications of our results for conducting accounting research with online workers. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

scholarly journals Personality and Dementia: an Approach to Differential Profile of the Caregiver

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Elena de Andrés-Jiménez ◽  
Rosa Mª Limiñana-Gras ◽  
Encarna Fernández-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the existence of a characteristic personality profile of family carers of people with dementia. The correct knowledge and use of psychological variables which affect the carer, helps to promote appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of care and improve the carer’s quality of life and likewise the one of the person cared for. The study population consists of 69 family carers of people with dementia, members of various associations and care centers. The results allow us to identify a characteristic personality profile for these carers and it reveals a specific psychological working in this sample, although we cannot directly relate it with the tasks of caring for people with this disease, this profile gives us very relevant information to pay more attention to the needs of this group. Moreover, the analysis of personality styles depends on the sex of the family carer, showing, once again, that the woman is in a situation of most vulnerability.

scholarly journals Quality of life in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marcus ◽  
Paddy Stone ◽  
Anna-Maria Krooupa ◽  
Douglas Thorburn ◽  
Bella Vivat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare bile duct and liver disease which can considerably impact quality of life (QoL). As part of a project developing a measure of QoL for people with PSC, we conducted a systematic review with four review questions. The first of these questions overlaps with a recently published systematic review, so this paper reports on the last three of our initial four questions: (A) How does QoL in PSC compare with other groups?, (B) Which attributes/factors are associated with impaired QoL in PSC?, (C) Which interventions are effective in improving QoL in people with PSC?. Methods We systematically searched five databases from inception to 1 November 2020 and assessed the methodological quality of included studies using standard checklists. Results We identified 28 studies: 17 for (A), ten for (B), and nine for (C). Limited evidence was found for all review questions, with few studies included in each comparison, and small sample sizes. The limited evidence available indicated poorer QoL for people with PSC compared with healthy controls, but findings were mixed for comparisons with the general population. QoL outcomes in PSC were comparable to other chronic conditions. Itch, pain, jaundice, severity of inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, and large-duct PSC were all associated with impaired QoL. No associations were found between QoL and PSC severity measured with surrogate markers of disease progression or one of three prognostic scoring systems. No interventions were found to improve QoL outcomes. Conclusion The limited findings from included studies suggest that markers of disease progression used in clinical trials may not reflect the experiences of people with PSC. This highlights the importance for clinical research studies to assess QoL alongside clinical and laboratory-based outcomes. A valid and responsive PSC-specific measure of QoL, to adequately capture all issues of importance to people with PSC, would therefore be helpful for clinical research studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document