Factors Affecting Resiliency Among Volunteers in Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hasan Ghodsi ◽  
Sanaz Sohrabizadeh ◽  
Reaza Khani Jazani ◽  
Amir Kavousi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Objective: Volunteers need considerable resiliency to cope with formidable challenges during their operations in disaster scenes. The present study was conducted to identify factors affecting the different aspects of resiliency among volunteers in disasters. Material and Methods: The databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, World Health Organization Library, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Library, PsycArticles, and SafetyLit were searched until September 29, 2018. The main search terms were resiliency, disaster, humanitarian aid worker, and volunteer. Results: A total of 548 documents were obtained and screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A number of 8 documents was selected for the final analysis. The main factors contributing to the resilience of volunteers at the 3 stages of pre-, during, and post-disasters were classified into 3 groups of individual, environmental, and organizational. Important factors affecting resilience of volunteers in disasters included previous disaster response experience and disaster-related training. Conclusion: Resiliency should be deemed integral to relief operations. Considering the main factors affecting volunteers’ resiliency, it is highly suggested that organizations active in humanitarian endeavors explore the factors impacting on resilience among their volunteers via various research methods and seek to select those with higher degrees of resilience in order to avert untoward consequences in their missions.

Improving Management of Limb Injuries in Disasters and Conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Guy Jensen ◽  
Elhanan Bar-On ◽  
Jane Thorley Wiedler ◽  
Stefanie C. Hautz ◽  
Harald Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIt has become clear that disaster relief needs to transition from good intentions or a charity-based approach to a professional, outcome-oriented response. The practice of medicine in disaster and conflict is a profession practiced in environments where lack of resources, chaos, and unpredictability are the norm rather than the exception. With this consideration in mind, the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) and its partners set out to improve the disaster response systems. The resulting Emergency Medical Team (EMT) classification system requires that teams planning on engaging in disaster response follow common standards for the delivery of care in resource-constraint environments. In order to clarify these standards, the WHO EMT Secretariat collaborated with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC; Geneva, Switzerland) and leading experts from other stakeholder non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to produce a guide to the management of limb injuries in disaster and conflict.The resulting text is a free and open-access resource to provide guidance for national and international EMTs caring for patients in disasters and conflicts. The content is a result of expert consensus, literature review, and an iterative process designed to encourage debate and resolution of existing open questions within the field of disaster and conflict medical response.The end result of this process is a text providing guidance to providers seeking to deliver safe, effective care within the EMT framework that is now part of the EMT training and verification system and is being distributed to ICRC teams deploying to the field.This work seeks to encourage professionalization of the field of disaster and conflict response, and to contribute to the existing EMT framework, in order to provide for better care for future victims of disaster and conflict.Jensen G, Bar-On E, Wiedler JT, Hautz SC, Veen H, Kay AR, Norton I, Gosselin RA, von Schreeb J. Improving management of limb injuries in disasters and conflicts. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(3):330–334.

scholarly journals Missions, Humanitarianism, and the Evolution of Modern Global Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097918
Author(s):  
Danielle I. Ellis ◽  
Don K. Nakayama ◽  
Tamara N. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
International Health ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Health Organization

Modern global surgery, which aims to provide improved and equitable surgical care worldwide, is a product of centuries of international care initiatives, some borne out of religious traditions, dating back to the first millennium. The first hospitals ( xenodochia) were established in the 4th and 5th centuries CE by the early Christian church. Early “missions,” a term introduced by Jesuit Christians in the 16th century to refer to the institutionalized expansion of faith, included medical care. Formalized Muslim humanitarian medical care was marked by organizations like the Aga Khan Foundation and the Islamic Association of North America in the 20th century. Secular medical humanitarian programs developed in the 19th century, notably with the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (1863) and the League of Nations Health Organization (1920) (which later became the World Health Organization [1946]). World War II catalyzed another proliferation of nongovernmental organizations, epitomized by the quintessential humanitarian health provider, Médecins Sans Frontières (1971). “Global health” as an academic endeavor encompassing education, service, and research began as an outgrowth of departments of tropical medicine and international health. The American College of Surgeons brought a surgical focus to global health beginning in the 1980s. Providing medical care in distant countries has a long tradition that parallels broad themes in history: faith, imperialism, humanitarianism, education, and service. Surgery as a focus of academic global health is a recent development that continues to gain traction.

Conference of Government Experts on Weapons

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (164) ◽  
pp. 598-598
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The Conference of Government Experts on Weapons that may Cause Unnecessary Suffering or have Indiscriminate Effects, meeting in Lucerne under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross since 24 September 1974, closed on 18 October. It was attended by about 150 experts from some fifty countries, representatives of national liberation movements and of organizations such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization (WHO), National Red Cross Societies, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the International Confederation of Former Prisoners of War (ICFPW), and the NGO Special Committee on Disarmament.

World Health Organization

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Director General ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Health Organization

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO) held its 26th session in Geneva from October 25 to November 4, 1960, under the chairmanship of Dr. H. M. Penido. Dr. M. G. Candau, Director-General of WHO, reported on WHO assistance to the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) deriving from the request of the Secretary-General and the Security Council in July 1960 that WHO take part in the UN emergency program in the Congo. Twenty-eight WHO staff members had immediately been assigned to the Congo, and within a few weeks 28 medical teams had been sent by 25 national Red Cross, Red Crescent, and Red Lion and Sun Societies as the result of an appeal by WHO to the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies. These teams made it possible to get a number of hospitals operating again in the cities and in the interior. To meet the long-range medical needs of the Congo where there were as yet no native doctors, assistants medicaux were selected for further training and given WHO fellowships to attend medical schools so that they might become fully qualified doctors. To cope with the crisis the UN guaranteed the funds necessary for WHO to engage 130 health workers of all categories to work for the Congolese government. Dr. Candau concluded his report by emphasizing that, if political stability and normal administration could be effectuated, the medical problems of the Congo would not be difficult to solve; the preventative work carried out under the Belgian administration could then be resumed and the threat of the spread of disease effectively averted.

The Duty of Giving Assistance and the Right to Relief

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
J. Maystre
Keyword(s):  
Military Medicine ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
International Committee ◽  
International Medical ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

In December 1965 there took place in Liège a “Study period on international medical law” which consisted of a discussion by representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross, of the International Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy and of the World Medical Association: the World Health Organization and the League of Red Cross Societies were represented by observers. This was followed by a general meeting of the Medico–legal Commission of the International Law Association and of the International Medical Law Study Centre of Liège.

Managing the dead in catastrophes: guiding principles and practical recommendations for first responders

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (866) ◽  
pp. 421-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Tidball-Binz
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
First Responders ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The Dead

AbstractThe proper management of the dead from catastrophes is an essential component of humanitarian response, together with the rescue and care of survivors and the provision and rehabilitation of essential services. Sadly, insufficient recognition of the importance of ensuring proper management of the dead and of caring for the needs of the bereaved, coupled with the frequent collapse of forensic services in the aftermath of catastrophes, contribute to perpetuating the tragedy and trauma suffered by survivors forever unable properly to bury and mourn their dead. In 2006 the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), together with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), published guidelines for the management of the dead, to help improve the management of the dead after catastrophes. The publication, Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters: A Field Manual for First Responders, offers practical and simple recommendations to non-specialists for the proper and dignified management of the dead in catastrophes and for the care of bereaved relatives. It also helps to dispel the principal myth which often complicates this difficult task: the unfounded association of cadavers with epidemics. The manual has proven to be a valuable tool for first responders, including humanitarian workers, for disaster response and preparedness in various operational contexts.

scholarly journals The development of guiding principles for the proper management of the dead in humanitarian emergencies and help in preventing their becoming missing persons: First Expert's Meeting

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (912) ◽  
pp. 1213-1229
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Executive summaryWhen large numbers of people die as a result of humanitarian emergencies, their bodies and remains are often managed with little consideration for their dignity. This may impact the capacity to identify the deceased and prevent them from becoming missing persons. Many of the existing guidelines for managing the dead in emergencies, including those published by the International Police Organization, the World Health Organization and the International Committee of the Red Cross, are accomplished from a technical point of view, but offer little or no specific guidance on guaranteeing respect for the deceased and their remains. In 2018, the Missing Persons Project of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Right to Truth, Truth(s) through Rights project of the University of Geneva convened a meeting of experts to discuss the need for developing guidance to guarantee the dignified treatment of the dead in humanitarian emergencies. Participants identified the need worldwide for a set of general principles to guide practitioners and decision-makers in their efforts to ensure respect for dead persons and human remains in humanitarian emergencies, and recommended their development.

Indian Prime Minister visits ICRC

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (222) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Indian Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, visited on May 6 the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva following her address to the Assembly of the World Health Organization.

A Collaborative Study of a Proposed International Standard for Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA)

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A D Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study involving seven laboratories was undertaken to assess which of three lyophilised preparations might serve as an International Standard (I.S.) for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Two of the preparations were isolates from human melanoma cell cultures while one was of pig heart origin. A clot lysis assay was used by all participants in the study.The data suggested that both preparations of human cell origin were comparable, in that their log dose-response lines were parallel, while that of the porcine preparation was not. Accelerated degradation studies indicated that one melanoma extract (denoted 83/517) was more stable than the other and it was decided to recommend preparation 83/517 as the standard for t-PA. The International Committee for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Stockholm 1983) has recommended the use of this material as a standard and it has been established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization as the International, Standard for tissue plasminogen activator, with an assigned potency of 1000 International Units per ampoule.

Implementing the Sphere Project’s standards for patient’s healthcare rights in the disaster zone: The experience of the Israeli field hospital in post-quake Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Deganit Kobliner-Friedman, RN, MPH ◽  
Ofer Merin, MD ◽  
Eran Mashiach, MD ◽  
Reuven Kedar, MD ◽  
Shai Schul, MHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Israel Defense Forces ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Emergency medical teams (EMTs) encounter chaos upon arriving at the scene of a disaster. Rescue efforts are utilitarian and focus on providing the technical aspects of medical care in order to save the most lives at the expense of the individual. This often neglects the basic healthcare rights of the patient. The Sphere Project was initiated to develop universal humanitarian standards for disaster response.The increase in the number of EMTs led the World Health Organization (WHO) to organize standards for disaster response. In 2016, the WHO certified the Israel Defense Forces Field Hospital (IDF-FH) as the first to be awarded the highest level of accreditation (EMT-3). This paper presents the IDF-FH’s efforts to protect the patient’s healthcare rights in a disaster zone based on the Sphere Principles.These core Sphere Principles include the right to professional medical treatment; the right to dignity, privacy, and confidentiality; the right for information in an understandable language; the right to informed consent; the obligation to maintain private medical records; the obligation to adhere to universal ethical standards, to respect culture and custom and to care for vulnerable populations; the right to protection from sexual exploitation and violence; and the right to continued treatment.

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