The Slow Decrease of Active Substance Candidates for Substitution in the Framework of the European Pesticide Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Diane C. ROBIN ◽  
Patrice A. MARCHAND
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Slow Decrease ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Pesticide Regulation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Protection Commission

The specific status of active substance candidates for substitution (CfS) is detailed by Article 24 of plant protection Commission Regulation EC No 1107/2009 (PPP Regulation). The criteria of candidates for substitution are now clearly defined: low acceptable daily intake/acute reference dose/acceptable operator exposure level or two persistent, bio-accumulative or toxic criteria, or by nature of the critical effects: non-active isomers, carcinogen 1A/1B, toxic for reproduction 1A/1B or endocrine disruption properties, with these later properties now being well characterised. The total number of active substances CfS has been in constant evolution since 2011, with the first batch of candidates for substitution being published in 2015 and updated since then. After a slow decrease, growth is again observed, with another list of active substances being granted this status. CfS are substances targeted by the PPP Regulation that are supposed to be cancelled or non-renewed at the active substance level or substituted at the market authorisation level. CfS are also supposed to be replaced by substances with better toxicological profiles. However, after five years of implementation of the status, their number, which is intended to decrease, remains high, at sixty residual CfS. We exhibit here their evolution.

Expansion of the Low-Risk Substances in the Framework of the European Pesticide Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Diane C. Robin ◽  
Patrice A. Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Part D ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Pesticide Regulation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Initial List ◽  
Protection Commission

Abstract Signed in 2009, the plant protection Commission Regulation EC No 1107/2009 created a new category of active substances, the low-risk substances, with specific status defined in Article 22. The initial and specific criteria, not suitable for microorganisms and natural substances, were modified in 2018, and the first low-risk substance, allocating Part D of Regulation EC No 540/2011, was granted in the same year. Since then, thirty-three low-risk substances have been granted with this specific status through approvals and renewals, while a larger list of potential low-risk substances from already-approved active substances was published. This list is only exploited during renewals, and this process would take another five years to complete. After four years of the implementation of this status, the number of such substances is still low, but is intended to increase slowly. Two more low-risk substances are already pending in 2021, which will bring the number of low-risk substances to thirty-five, while the initial list of potential low-risk substances (only renewals) included fifty-seven substances.

scholarly journals Shadow Zones: Transparency and Pesticides Regulation in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 243-272
Author(s):  
Olivia HAMLYN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn recent years, pesticides have captured the attention of both policymakers and the general public. A particular focus has been the transparency of the EU-level procedure for approving active substances, spurred by controversies surrounding the active substance glyphosate. Active substances are the ingredient in pesticides with the pesticidal effect. Once an active substance is approved at EU level, the pesticide containing that active substance must be authorised by each Member State. For this purpose, the EU's 2009 Plant Protection Product Regulation divides Member States into three zones—Northern, Central, and Southern—within which, zonal rapporteur Member States evaluate applications for authorisation. National authorisation decisions are based on these zonal evaluations. This novel system governing pesticides is under-researched. Furthermore, unlike active substance approval, the transparency of pesticide authorisation escapes public and policy scrutiny. Drawing on empirical research conducted for the European Parliament, this article evaluates the transparency of the zonal pesticide authorisation procedure. It thus contributes to the literature on transparency a detailed exploration of transparency in a highly complex, decentred, and polycentric risk regulation regime. While it finds that the zonal pesticide authorisation procedure, generally speaking, does not operate transparently, it argues further that levels of transparency within the regime as a whole may vary significantly depending on multiple different factors. It introduces the concept of ‘chiaroscuro regulation’ to characterise and understand these varying levels of transparency across different elements of the regime and considers some of its implications.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of working conditions under use of anilinopyrimidine fungicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-678
Author(s):  
Valerii N. Rakitskii ◽  
Valentina I. Antipova ◽  
Gleb V. Masaltsev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Introduction. An assortment of fungicides in agriculture is constantly being updated due to creating new highly effective but moderately toxic pesticide formulations that minimize the risks for those working with them. The study aimed to research working conditions and assess the risk for workers during the application of pyrimethanil-based plant protection products in agriculture using various technologies. Materials and methods. Working conditions when using preparations based on pyrimethanil separately or in a mixture (pyrimethanil+fluopyram) in field conditions: during ground boom spraying of field crops; air blast spraying of horticultural crops; knapsack spraying of sheltered ground tomato (greenhouse), field and horticultural crops in individual subsidiary plots (PSP). Air samples of the working area were gathered in the breathing zone of those working with pesticides (operators and users) using PU-4E aspiration devices coupled with filters. Before and after work, swab samples were taken from common areas of the operator’s and user’s skin, and pyrimethanil and fluopyram were identified in air and swab samples. Total risk for the complex (inhalation and dermal) exposure (SFsum) was calculated by summing the safety factors of pesticide inhalation (SFinh) and dermal (SFd) income of pesticides (MU 1.2.3017-12). The absorbed dose risk (SFab) was determined by the ratio of the absorbed exposure dose of pesticides and the permissible daily exposure level for the operator (PDELO, mg/kg) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI, mg/kg bw). Results. The established safety factors when assessing the complex effect of pyrimethanil by exposure (SFexp - 0.08-0.11) and by absorbed dose (SFad - 0.002-0.007) allow considering the health risks for workers and consumers as permissible, subject to strict adherence to regulations and safety measures. Conclusion. The obtained results are the basis for recommending pyrimethanil-based formulations for use in agricultural production in Russia.

scholarly journals Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Matyjaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

Toxicokinetic mixture effects of co-formulants and active substances in plant protection products in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S237
Author(s):  
M. Karaca ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
C.T. Willenbockel ◽  
P. Marx-Stoelting ◽  
D. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Active Substances

XVIII.—The Physical Properties of Mixed Solutions of Independent Optically - Active Substances

1907 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Clerk Ranken ◽  
W. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Mixed Solutions ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Optically Active Substances

The two systems containing one of a pair of optically-active stereoisomers and an independent optically-active substance present many points of interest and importance, but have not hitherto been investigated with any degree of completeness. What is known about them may fairly be said to consist of a series of isolated facts. The present communication also contributes a few more isolated observations, and is, in reality, a preliminary to a more systematic examination of the whole subject.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.

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