Lythrum salicaria(Purple Loosestrife) Control with Herbicides: Multiyear Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Jon E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Broadleaf Species

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of 14 herbicide treatments for purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicariaL.) control over a period of 10 yr. The study commenced in 2000/2001 at four wetland locations in Nebraska. The evaluated herbicides included: glyphosate at 2.2 and 3.4 kg ha−1; 2,4-D dimethylamine at 1.4 and 2.8 kg ae ha−1; triclopyr at 1.3 and 2.1 kg ae ha−1; imazapyr at 1.1 and 1.7 kg ae ha−1; metsulfuron at 0.042 and 0.084 ai kg ha−1; fosamine at 13.5 and 22.4 kg ai ha−1; triclopyr at 1.3 kg ae ha−1plus 2,4-D amine at 1.4 ae kg ha−1; and metsulfuron at 0.042 kg ai ha−1plus 2,4-D amine at 1.4 kg ae ha−1. Some treatments provided excellent control (90%) that lasted only one season, while others suppressedL. salicariagrowth for multiple seasons, depending on the location and the age ofL. salicariastand. Application of higher rates of glyphosate, imazapyr, and metsulfuron consistently provided excellent control (≥90%) ofL. salicariathat lasted 360 d after treatment at most locations. Application of fosamine and the lower rate of 2,4-D amine provided the leastL. salicariacontrol at most locations. The older theL. salicariastand, the more multiple applications of herbicides were needed to completely controlL. salicaria. Generally, there were higher percentages of grasses in the 2,4-D-, triclopyr-, and metsulfuron-treated plots compared with higher percentages of broadleaf species in the glyphosate- and imazapyr-treated plots at each location.

scholarly journals Evaluation of triclopyr triethylamine for the control of wetland weeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
P.D. Champion ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
E.C. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Apium Nodiflorum

Several experiments evaluating the susceptibility of aquatic and wetland weeds to triclopyr TEA were carried out using potted plants Seedlings of grey willow (Salix cinerea) alder (Alnus glutinosa) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and cuttings of crack willow (S fragilis) primrose willow (Ludwigia peploides) water celery (Apium nodiflorum) water cress (Nasturtium officinale) and monkey musk (Mimulus guttatus) were collected in the field and grown in cultivation At least 2 months after potting up triclopyr TEA was applied to run off at rates between 025 and 5 v/v This resulted in excellent control of all weeds at all rates except for purple loosestrife which was not controlled well at the lowest rate

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

Effect ofGalerucellaspp. on survival of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) roots and crowns

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
David W. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Galerucella Calmariensis ◽  
Galerucella Pusilla ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Severe Leaf

Starch levels, used as a measure of plant stress, were not consistently reduced in root or crown tissue of purple loosestrife plants after 2 yr of severeGalerucella calmariensisorGalerucella pusilla(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) defoliation. Early in the season, defoliation fromGalerucellaspp. approached 100%, but the majority ofLythrum salicariaplants regrew by the end of August, resulting in an average reduction of 81% of the aboveground biomass compared to the control. The stress imposed byGalerucellaspp. defoliation was less than that achieved from more severe stress imposed by mechanical shoot clipping at 2- or 4-wk intervals from June to October. Both shoot-clipping treatments killed the majority of plants after one growing season.Galerucellaspp. feeding reduced plant stature, which may reduce competitiveness. However, considering the extensive carbohydrate reserves present in the large woody crowns ofLythrum salicaria, it will require in excess of 2 yr of consistent, severe leaf defoliation to cause plant mortality. A combination of stresses, such as winter crown injury, or other biological control agents in addition toGalerucellaleaf defoliation may be required for plant mortality.

Influence of Nontarget Neighbors and Spray Volume on Retention and Efficacy of Triclopyr in Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Brad D. Kinkaid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Target Plant

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of plant density and spray volume on the retention, spray deposition, efficacy, and translocation of the amine salt of triclopyr in purple loosestrife. More spray solution was retained on leaves at 935 Lha−1than at 94 Lha−1at populations of 0, 4, or 8 nontarget neighbors. Spray coverage decreased with decreasing height within the plant canopy when spray cards were placed in the top, middle, and soil surface adjacent to the central target plant. Within a population, spray card coverage generally increased as spray volume increased. Regrowth from the crown was affected by spray volume, and uniform spray coverage of the plant was required for adequate control of vegetative regrowth and was achieved with spray volumes of 374 and 935 L ha−1spray volume. Regrowth of purple loosestrife was greater at 94 Lha−1at all three plant populations indicating that less herbicide penetrated the canopy to reach the basal portion of the plant. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the translocation of radiolabelled triclopyr to roots and crowns of purple loosestrife. Only 0.3 to 1.4% of absorbed14C-labelled material was translocated to roots and crowns. Low spray volumes and dense stands of purple loosestrife would likely result in poor control because inadequate amounts of triclopyr reach the basal portion of the plant and translocate to vegetative propagules.

Winter survival of late emerging purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Jane L. Byron
Keyword(s):  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soltani ◽  
C. Shropshire ◽  
P.H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control

Nine field trials (five with PRE and four with POST herbicides) were conducted in 2006 to 2009 on various Ontario farms with heavy common cocklebur infestations to determine the effectiveness of PRE and POST herbicides for the control of common cocklebur in corn. There was no commercially significant corn injury from the PRE herbicides evaluated. Saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine, applied PRE provided 85, 85, 76, 73 and 67% control of common cocklebur in corn 8 wk after emergence (WAE), respectively. Common cocklebur shoot dry weight was reduced 84, 80, 79, 75 and 68% with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine, saflufenacil and dicamba/atrazine, respectively. There was no effect on corn yield compared with the weedy control with the PRE herbicides evaluated. The application of 2,4-D/atrazine POST resulted in unacceptable injury (28%) in corn. Dicamba/atrazine, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba and mesotrione + atrazine provided up to 98, 95, 90 and 90% control of common cocklebur 8 wk after application (WAA), respectively. All POST herbicide treatments increased corn yield compared with the non-treated control. Saflufenacil and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE and dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba/atrazine or mesotrione + atrazine applied POST have potential to provide good to excellent control of common cocklebur in corn under Ontario environmental conditions.

Isozyme characterization of genetic diversity in Minnesota populations of purple loosestrife,Lythrum salicaria(lythraceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Strefeler ◽  
Elizabeth Darmo ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Elizabeth J. Katovich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

The Biology and Management of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbra H. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems

Purple loosestrife is an invasive, introduced plant that is usually associated with wetland, marshy, or riparian sites. It is found across the northern tier states and provinces in North America. Purple loosestrife affects the diversity of native wetland ecosystems. Infestations lead to severe wildlife habitat degradation, loss of species diversity, and displacement of wildlife-supporting native vegetation, such as cattails and bulrushes. The plant spreads effectively along waterways, and the thick, matted root system can rapidly clog irrigation ditches, resulting in decreased water flow and increased maintenance. Effective management of purple loosestrife along waterways and in riparian areas requires integrating management strategies to prevent further introductions, detecting and eradicating new infestations, and containing and controlling large-scale infestations. Management practices that aid in the control of purple loosestrife include herbicide, physical, and biological practices. Each infestation site should be individually evaluated to determine the appropriate control measure. Factors to be considered include the proximity and type of vegetation on the site, whether the water is flowing or still, and the utilization of the site and the water (domestic, irrigation, recreation, or scenic value).

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