scholarly journals Psychotic-like experiences? Trajectories and typologies of hallucinations and delusions from early adolescence to early adulthood in a population-based sample of Irish youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
H. Coughlan ◽  
N. Humphries ◽  
M.C. Clarke ◽  
C. Healy ◽  
M. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Spiritual Belief ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Hallucinations and delusions that occur in the absence of a psychotic disorder are common in children and adolescents. Longitudinal phenomenological studies exploring these experiences are notably lacking. The objective of the current paper was to explore the phenomenology and characteristics of hallucinations and delusions from early adolescence to early adulthood. Methods: Participants were 17 young people aged 18–21 years from the general population, all of whom had a history of childhood hallucinations and/or delusions. Longitudinal data on the phenomenological characteristics and attributions of reported hallucinatory and delusional phenomena spanning nine years were explored using content analysis. Results: Hallucinatory and delusional phenomena were transient for two-thirds of the sample. The remaining one-third reported reoccurring hallucinatory and delusional phenomena into early adulthood. In those, two typologies were identified: (1) Paranormal typology and (2) Pathological typology. The former was characterised by hallucinatory and delusional phenomena that were exclusively grounded in subcultural paranormal or spiritual belief systems and not a source of distress. The latter was characterised by delusion-like beliefs that were enmeshed with individuals’ mood states and a source of distress. The perceived source, the subcultural context and how young people appraised and integrated their experiences differentiated the Paranormal and Pathological typologies. Conclusions: Not all hallucinatory and delusion-like experiences are psychotic-like in nature. To reliably differentiate between pathological and non-pathological hallucinations and delusions, assessments need to explore factors including the phenomenology of individuals’ experiences, how people make sense and appraise them, and the subcultural contexts within which they are experienced.

scholarly journals REINVENTING THE V&A MUSEUM OF CHILDHOOD

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Helen Charman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum

In 2018 the Victoria and Albert Museum launched a capital project to transform the Museum of Childhood from a museum of the social and material history of childhood to a powerhouse of creativity for the young. This paper therefore takes the reinvention of the MoC as a case study to explore the process of change and the key drivers for inculcating and realising the transformed museum. In particular, the process of co-design with and for young people is considered as a mechanism for change in creating future facing museums that speak to the needs of young people in a rapidly changing and complex world.

scholarly journals Social Confidence in Early Adulthood Among Young People With and Without a History of Language Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Durkin ◽  
Umar Toseeb ◽  
Nicola Botting ◽  
Andrew Pickles ◽  
Gina Conti-Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Social Self ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purposes of this study were to test the predictions that lower self-esteem and higher shyness in individuals with a history of language impairment (LI) would continue from adolescence into early adulthood and that those with LI would have lower social self-efficacy in early adulthood. Method Participants were young people with a history of LI and a comparison group of age-matched peers. Both groups were tested at ages 17 and 24 years. Participants completed measures of language ability, nonverbal IQ, shyness, global self-esteem, and (at age 24 years only) social self-efficacy. Results Young adults with LI scored lower than age-matched peers on self-esteem, higher on shyness, and lower on social self-efficacy (medium to large effect sizes). In line with expectations, in the group with LI, language ability in adolescence predicted shyness in young adulthood, which, in turn, was negatively associated with self-esteem. There was also a direct association between language ability in adolescence and self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions Young people with a history of LI are likely to be entering adulthood less socially confident than their peers. Interventions may be desirable for young adults with LI, and the present findings indicate social self-efficacy as a key area of social confidence that calls for practitioners' attention.

A longitudinal study of general practitioner consultations for psychiatric disorders in adolescence

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Smeeton ◽  
Greg Wilkinson ◽  
David Skuse ◽  
John Fry
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses

SynopsisPatterns of psychiatric diagnoses given during adolescence to a group of individuals continuously registered with a single general practitioner in South London over 20 years were analysed first during ‘early adolescence’ and secondly during ‘early adulthood’. Psychiatric diagnoses were found to be relatively common. Of the young adolescents who received a psychiatric diagnosis (almost one in ten of the group), 38% received a psychiatric diagnosis as young adults compared with only 16% of the remainder. Comorbidity was found to be very common – over 50% of young adults with a diagnosis of depression also had a diagnosis of anxiety and phobic neuroses. Young people with problems of a psychological nature therefore deserve more attention, particularly from the primary care team.

scholarly journals Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young adults with a history of transient psychotic experiences: findings from a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Coughlan ◽  
Erin Walton-Ball ◽  
Eleanor Carey ◽  
Colm Healy ◽  
Grace O’Regan-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Abstract BackgroundPsychotic experiences are not uncommon in young people and are associated with both psychopathology and compromised global functioning. Although psychotic experiences are transient for most people who report them, few studies have examined the association between early transient PEs and later functioning in population samples. Additionally, studies using self-report measures of interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodsParticipants were 103 young people from a longitudinal population-based study cohort of mental health in Ireland. They attended for baseline clinical interviews in childhood (age 11-13) and were followed up in young adulthood (age 19-25). Participants who reported psychotic experiences at baseline but not at follow-up were classified as having transient psychotic experiences. Data from both time-points were used to examine the association between transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/ vocational difficulties in young adulthood using poisson regression modelling.ResultsYoung people with a history of transient psychotic experiences reported significantly higher interpersonal (adj IRR: 1.83, 95%ileCI: 1.10- 3.02, p = .02) and educational/vocational (adj IRR: 2.28, 95%ileCI: 1.43- 3.64, p = .001) difficulties during adolescence. However, no significant differences in interpersonal (adj IRR: 0.49, 95%ileCI: 0.10-2.30, p = .37) or educational/vocational (adj IRR: 0.88, 95%ileCI: 0.37-2.08, p = .77) difficulties were found in young adulthood. Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people both with and without a history of transient psychotic experiences decreased between adolescence and young adulthood.ConclusionsYoung people with transient psychotic experiences have increased interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence but these may not persist into the young adult years. This finding indicates that early psychotic experiences may not confer high risk for long-term interpersonal or educational/vocational deficits among young people who experience these phenomena transiently.

scholarly journals Childhood trauma and psychosis - what is the evidence?

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

In the last decade, a substantial number of population-based studies have suggested that childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. In several studies, the effects held after adjusting for a wide range of potentially confounding variables, including genetic liability for psychosis. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis. Possible pathways include relationships between negative perceptions of the self, negative affect, and psychotic symptoms, as well as biological mechanisms such as dysregulated cortisol and increased sensitivity to stress. Psychotic patients with a history of childhood trauma tend to present with a variety of additional problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder, greater substance abuse, higher levels of depression and anxiety, and more frequent suicide attempts. Initial studies suggest that trauma-specific treatments are as beneficial for these patients as for other diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals Childhood adversity and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people with a history of transient psychotic experiences: findings from a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Coughlan ◽  
Erin Walton-Ball ◽  
Eleanor Carey ◽  
Colm Healy ◽  
Grace O’Regan-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Abstract Background: Psychotic experiences in young people have known associations with childhood adversity and functional deficits. However, few studies have focused only on childhood psychotic experiences that remit during adolescence (transient psychotic experiences). Additionally, studies using self-report measures of interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood adversity and transient psychotic experiences and transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods: Participants were 103 young people from a longitudinal population-based study cohort of mental health in Ireland. They attended for clinical interview in childhood (age 11-13) and young adulthood (age 19-25). Data on childhood adversity were collected at baseline. Data on self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties were collected at follow-up. Data on psychotic experiences were collected at both times. Associations between childhood adversity, transient psychotic experiences and self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties were examined. Results: Young people with a history of transient psychotic experiences reported an almost 3.5-fold increase in odds of childhood victimization (OR 3.43 CI 1.21-9.71). They also reported significantly higher interpersonal ( p = 0.03) and educational/vocational ( p = 0.001) difficulties during adolescence. However, no significant differences in interpersonal ( p = 0.91) or educational/vocational ( p = 0.35) difficulties were found in young adulthood. The higher rates of childhood victimization found did not account for any observed differences. Self-reported interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in young people both with and without a history of transient psychotic experiences decreased between adolescence and young adulthood. Conclusions: Young people with transient psychotic experiences have increased interpersonal and educational/vocational difficulties in adolescence but these may not persist into the young adult years. These findings may indicate that early transient psychotic experiences do not confer high risk for persistent interpersonal and/or educational/vocational deficits and young people who experience these phenomena transiently. Thus, psychotic experiences in childhood that remit by young adulthood may not be a strong risk indicator for future functioning deficits, as experienced and/or perceived by individuals themselves.

scholarly journals Child Writing and the Traumatised Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Children's Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trauma And Injury

Texts by young conflict survivors, including the children of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, are worthy of historical and literary consideration on many fronts. How did young people experience, understand, and cope with damage to their bodies? What stigma did they face, and how did they make sense of their changed futures? How did they translate their experiences into prose, and how did they negotiate the meanings that such prose held within their societies? This essay suggests that juvenilia offers a deep well for other fields—trauma studies, the history of childhood, and even disability studies—to consider, and juvenilia studies might also incorporate new theoretical apparatuses that can help elucidate the personal, social, and political implications of young writers’ experiences of trauma and injury. Attention to children’s writing about their injuries may approach the asymptote of their trauma and offer insights for scholars working from numerous disciplinary points of origin. .

scholarly journals Phenomenological characteristics and explanations of unusual perceptual experiences, thoughts and beliefs in a population sample of early adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
H. Coughlan ◽  
C. Healy ◽  
N. Humphries ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
I. Kelleher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
Study Offer

Objectives: Often referred to as psychotic experiences, unusual perceptual experiences, thoughts and beliefs (UPTBs) are not uncommon in youth populations. Phenomenological studies of these experiences are lacking. This study aimed to (1) describe the phenomenological characteristics of UPTBs in a sample of young adolescents and (2) explore how young people made sense of those experiences. Methods: Participants were 53 young people aged 11–13 years from a population-based study of mental health. All met criteria for UPTBs following clinical interviews as part of the study. Documentary data on UPTBs in the form of transcribed notes, recorded during clinical interviews, were analysed using content analysis. Data on UPTBs were coded, organised into categorical themes and quantified using descriptive statistics. Qualitative themes on how participants made sense of their experiences were identified. Results: Participants reported UPTBs across four domains: auditory verbal, auditory non-verbal, non-auditory perceptual experiences and unusual thoughts and beliefs. UPTBs were phenomenologically rich and diverse. Young people sought to make sense of their experiences in multiple ways: normalising them, externalising them by attributing them to paranormal entities and distancing them from psychiatric explanations. Uncertainty about the source of UPTBs was identified as a superordinate theme. Conclusion: Findings from this study offer new insights into the phenomenological qualities and characteristics of UPTBs in young adolescents. They also reveal that early adolescents may not make sense of their experiences within a psychiatric framework. These findings highlight the need to develop a more phenomenologically sensitive and nuanced approach to studying UPTBs in young people.

scholarly journals Maternal diabetes during pregnancy and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring: population based cohort study with 40 years of follow-up

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfu Yu ◽  
Onyebuchi A Arah ◽  
Zeyan Liew ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
Jørn Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective To evaluate the associations between maternal diabetes diagnosed before or during pregnancy and early onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) in offspring during their first four decades of life. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Danish national health registries. Participants All 2 432 000 liveborn children without congenital heart disease in Denmark during 1977-2016. Follow-up began at birth and continued until first time diagnosis of CVD, death, emigration, or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. Exposures for observational studies Pregestational diabetes, including type 1 diabetes (n=22 055) and type 2 diabetes (n=6537), and gestational diabetes (n=26 272). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was early onset CVD (excluding congenital heart diseases) defined by hospital diagnosis. Associations between maternal diabetes and risks of early onset CVD in offspring were studied. Cox regression was used to assess whether a maternal history of CVD or maternal diabetic complications affected these associations. Adjustments were made for calendar year, sex, singleton status, maternal factors (parity, age, smoking, education, cohabitation, residence at childbirth, history of CVD before childbirth), and paternal history of CVD before childbirth. The cumulative incidence was averaged across all individuals, and factors were adjusted while treating deaths from causes other than CVD as competing events. Results During up to 40 years of follow-up, 1153 offspring of mothers with diabetes and 91 311 offspring of mothers who did not have diabetes were diagnosed with CVD. Offspring of mothers with diabetes had a 29% increased overall rate of early onset CVD (hazard ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.37); cumulative incidence among offspring unexposed to maternal diabetes at 40 years of age 13.07% (12.92% to 13.21%), difference in cumulative incidence between exposed and unexposed offspring 4.72% (2.37% to 7.06%)). The sibship design yielded results similar to those of the unpaired design based on the whole cohort. Both pregestational diabetes (1.34 (1.25 to 1.43)) and gestational diabetes (1.19 (1.07 to 1.32)) were associated with increased rates of CVD in offspring. We also observed varied increased rates of specific early onset CVDs, particularly heart failure (1.45 (0.89 to 2.35)), hypertensive disease (1.78 (1.50 to 2.11)), deep vein thrombosis (1.82 (1.38 to 2.41)), and pulmonary embolism (1.91 (1.31 to 2.80)). Increased rates of CVD were seen in different age groups from childhood to early adulthood until age 40 years. The increased rates were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (1.60 (1.25 to 2.05)). A higher incidence of early onset CVD in offspring of mothers with diabetes and comorbid CVD (1.73 (1.36 to 2.20)) was associated with the added influence of comorbid CVD but not due to the interaction between diabetes and CVD on the multiplicative scale (P value for interaction 0.94). Conclusions Children of mothers with diabetes, especially those mothers with a history of CVD or diabetic complications, have increased rates of early onset CVD from childhood to early adulthood. If maternal diabetes does have a causal association with increased CVD rate in offspring, the prevention, screening, and treatment of diabetes in women of childbearing age could help to reduce the risk of CVD in the next generation.

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