Effects of nutrient variability in corn and xylanase inclusion on broiler performance, nutrient utilisation, and volatile fatty acid profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Williams ◽  
H. V. Masey O'Neill ◽  
T. York ◽  
J.T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Nutrient Variability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of the trial was to determine the impact of corn source and xylanase on broiler performance, digestibility, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles. Six corn samples were obtained from different regions of the US. Twelve treatments were derived using corn source, with each corn diet being fed with or without xylanase. Three dietary phases were used throughout the trial, starter (d 1–18), grower (d 19–31), and finisher (d 32–41). On d 18 and 41, ileal and excreta contents were collected for the determination of ileal digestible energy (IDE), ileal energy and nitrogen digestibility coefficients (IEDC and INDC), apparent metabolisable energy (AME), and caecal VFA profiles. Day 18 body weight (BW) was affected by corn source and varied between 724 and 764g (P = 0.001). For d 31 BW, there was an interaction of corn source with xylanase (P = 0.001), with the effect of xylanase being inconsistent. The effect of xylanase on feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase depended on corn source (interactive term, P = 0.021). Xylanase reduced (P = 0.026) FCR during the finisher phase (1.943 vs. 1.992). Variation of corn source influenced digestibility on all evaluated parameters. A range of 152 and 213 kcal/kg for IDE was observed on d 18 and 41, respectively (P = 0.005 and 0.001). The range of AME was 176 kcal/kg on d 18 of age which increased to 194 kcal/kg on d 41. Nitrogen digestibility was influenced by corn source, with an observed range of 4.4 and 6.1% for d 18 and 41, respectively, amongst all corn sources (P = 0.001). Xylanase increased (P = 0.031) the concentration of butyrate in the caecum on d 18. On d 41, an interaction between corn source and xylanase was observed with isovalerate in the caecal contents (P = 0.038). These data demonstrate the impact of varying corn nutrient profiles on nutrient utilisation and growth performance.

A combination of xylanase, amylase and protease influences growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and protein digestive dynamics in broiler chickens offered maize-, sorghum- and wheat-based diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Liu ◽  
D. J. Cadogan ◽  
A. Péron ◽  
H. H. Truong ◽  
P. H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Enzyme Combination ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

In order to examine the influence of an enzyme combination of xylanase, amylase and protease on growth performance and energy utilisation in boiler chickens offered maize-, sorghum- and wheat-based diets and also determine the impact of exogenous enzymes on digestive dynamics of starch and protein in the small intestine and their relativity to broiler performance, a 3 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments were offered to 288 male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 27 days post-hatch. Apparent digestibility coefficients of starch, protein and fat in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum were determined at Day 27. The digestion rates of starch, protein and energy were predicted by using exponential mathematical models to fit apparent digestibility coefficients with mean retention times in each small intestinal segment. Sorghum-based diets supported the highest weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed intake (P < 0.05) but feed conversion ratios (FCR) were similar across all three grain-based diets (P > 0.10). There were significant interactions between grain type and enzyme supplementation in FCR and the enzyme combination significantly improved FCR in maize-based diets only (P < 0.01). The enzyme combination significantly increased apparent metabolisable energy (AME) in all three grain-based diets (P < 0.05) and increased nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) in maize- and wheat-based diets (P < 0.05). Wheat-based diets had the lowest N retention (P < 0.01), relative gizzard weight (P < 0.001) and highest gizzard pH (P < 0.05). There were significant grain × enzyme supplementation interactions for starch (P < 0.01) and N (P < 0.05) digestibility coefficients in the four small intestinal segments. Starch digestibility responses to the enzyme combination were most pronounced in wheat-based diets with significant improvement in all segments. The enzyme combination significantly retarded starch digestion rates (P < 0.05) but did not influence protein (N) digestion rates (P > 0.25). In conclusion, feed conversion of sorghum-based diet (1.475) was significantly more efficient than those based on maize (1.518) and wheat (1.532) in non-supplemented diets. The enzyme combination significantly improved energy utilisation (AME) in all three grain-based diets and improved feed conversion efficiency in maize-based diets.

scholarly journals The determination of volatile fatty acids in the caecum of the conscious rabbit

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Parker ◽  
R. T. Mcmillan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Conscious Rabbit

1. A method of obtaining dialysed samples from the caecum of the conscious rabbit is described.2. Values for total volatile fatty acid content and for molar proportions of individual volatile fatty acids in dialysate samples were in good agreement with those obtained from caecal material.3. The volatile fatty acid level in the caecum throughout the day was determined using two groups of animals, one group fed ad lib. and the other group on a restricted food intake. These results indicated a marked diurnal fluctuation in volatile fatty acid level in the caecum of rabbits fed once/d which was not evident in those fed ad lib.

scholarly journals Rapid protein disappearance rates along the small intestine advantage poultry performance and influence the post-enteral availability of amino acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1031-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha H. Truong ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Amy F. Moss ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
Sonia Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA foundation diet, an intermediate blend and a summit diet were formulated with different levels of soyabean meal, casein and crystalline amino acids to compare ‘slow’ and ‘rapid’ protein diets. The diets were offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 d post-hatch and assessed parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein (N) in four small intestinal segments. Digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of sixteen amino acids in three small intestinal segments and amino acid concentrations in plasma from portal and systemic circulations from the foundation and summit diets were determined. The dietary transition significantly accelerated protein (N) disappearance rates in the distal jejunum and ileum. The transition from foundation to summit diets significantly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the ileum and disappearance rates in all four small intestinal segments. These starch responses were associated with significant enhancements in nutrient utilisation. The dietary transition linearly increased digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the majority of cases. The summit diet increased plasma concentrations of five amino acids but decreased those of four amino acids relative to the foundation diet to significant extents. Plasma concentrations of free amino acids were higher in the portal than systemic circulations. Rapid protein disappearance rates advantaged poultry performance and influenced post-enteral availability of amino acids. If the underlying mechanisms are to be identified, further research into the impact of protein digestive dynamics on broiler performance is required but appears justified.

scholarly journals Determination of volatile fatty acids clearance in intact ruminal digesta

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
João Chrysostomo de Resende ◽  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
André Rodrigues da Cunha Barreto-Vianna ◽  
Juliano Vogas Peixoto ◽  
Gregório Correia Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Over Time

Cannulated cows were allocated to a cross-over design to evaluate the technique for determination of volatile fatty acid (VFA) clearance by infusion of marker solution into intact ruminal digesta, and verify the technique sensibility to the variation in the diet. Animals received diet of forage or forage plus concentrate and infusion of valeric acid and Cr-EDTA solution into intact or evacuated ruminal digesta. The total fractional rate of VFA clearance (FRVFAC) was estimated by the exponential decay of valerate over time. The passage FRVFAC to the omasum was assumed as the decay in ruminal Cr concentration and the absorption FRVFAC was estimated by the difference. The total FRVFAC and absorption did not differ between techniques. The passage FRVFAC, however, was lower when the marker solution was added into the evacuated digesta, probably reflecting the destabilization of the rumen environment during the evacuation and the largest volume of fluid observed in animals with evacuated digesta. In conclusion, the infusion of marker solution into intact digesta with homogenization performed by ruminal motility could be usable for the VFA ruminal clearance determination since it seems to cause lesser disturbance in the ruminal environment.

scholarly journals Effect of the macroalgaeAsparagopsis taxiformison methane production and the rumen microbiome assemblage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Michelle Roque ◽  
Charles Garrett Brooke ◽  
Joshua Ladau ◽  
Tamsen Polley ◽  
Lyndsey Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Us

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent studies using batch-fermentation suggest that the red macroalgaeAsparagopsis taxiformismight reduce methane (CH4) emission from beef cattle by up to ~99% when added to rhodes grass hay, a common feed in the Australian beef industry. These experiments have shown significant reductions in methane without compromising other fermentation parameters (i.e. volatile fatty acid production) withA. taxiformisorganic matter (OM) inclusion rates of up to 5%. In the study presented here,A. taxiformiswas evaluated for its ability to reduce methane production from dairy cattle fed a mixed ration widely utilized in California; the largest milk producer in the US.ResultsFermentation in a semi-continuousin-vitrorumen system suggests thatA. taxiformiscan reduce methane production from enteric fermentation in dairy cattle by 95% when added at a 5% OM inclusion rate without any obvious negative impacts on volatile fatty acid production. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing showed that seaweed amendment effects rumen microbiome communities consistent with the Anna Karenina hypothesis, with increased beta-diversity, over time scales of approximately three days. The relative abundance of methanogens in the fermentation vessels amended withA. taxiformisdecreased significantly compared to control vessels, but this reduction in methanogen abundance was only significant when averaged over the course of the experiment. Alternatively, significant reductions of methane in theA. taxiformisamended vessels was measured in the early stages of the experiment. This suggests thatA. taxiformishas an immediate effect on the metabolic functionality of rumen methanogens whereas its impact on microbiome assemblage, specifically methanogen abundance, is delayed.ConclusionsThe methane reducing effect ofA. taxiformisduring rumen fermentation makes this macroalgae a promising candidate as a biotic methane mitigation strategy in the largest milk producing state in the US. But its effectin-vivo(i.e. in dairy cattle) remains to be investigated in animal trials. Furthermore, to obtain a holistic understanding of the biochemistry responsible for the significant reduction of methane, gene expression profiles of the rumen microbiome and the host animal are warranted.

Effect of lipid supplementation on digestion of nutrients in steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
N.J. Choi ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J.D. Wood ◽  
N.D. Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Lipid Supplementation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

Lipids are commonly used in ruminant diets to increase the energy density of the ration and increasingly to manipulate the fatty acid (FA) composition of the final product (meat or milk). However, lipids may have negative effects on rumen function and in particular on the extent of carbohydrate digestion, which is accompanied by alterations in volatile fatty acid proportions, towards less acetate and more propionate. These alternations are more pronounced for lipids high in polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly linolenic acid (18:3n-3; found in linseed). However, there is some evidence to suggest that the opposite is true for longer chain C20 FAs, found in fish oil (Doreau and Chilliard, 1996). This experiment has examined the impact of lipid sources differing in their FA composition (saturated compared polyunsaturated FA) on digestion of nutrients in the rumen and small intestine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document