scholarly journals Generic revision of the Holocystitidae of North America (Diploporita, Echinodermata) based on universal elemental homology

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Sheffield ◽  
Colin D. Sumrall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Oral Plate ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
Oral Area

AbstractThe Holocystites Fauna is an enigmatic group of North American diploporitans that presents a rare window into unusual middle Silurian echinoderm communities. Multiple systematic revisions have subdivided holocystitids on the basis of presumed differences in oral area plating and respiratory structures. However, these differences were based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the homologous elements of the oral area and the taphonomic process; taphonomic disarticulation of the oral area formed the basis for the erection of Pentacystis and Osgoodicystis as separate genera, and Osgoodicystis is interpreted as the junior synonym of Pentacystis. Holocystitids show a conservative peristomial bordering plate pattern that is shared among all described genera. The peristome is bordered by seven interradially positioned oral plates as is typical for oral plate–bearing blastozoans. A second open circlet of facetal plates lies distal to the oral plates; five of these facetal plates bear facets for feeding appendages (lost on the A ambulacrum in some taxa), while two lateral facets (present in all taxa except Pustulocystis) do not. Holocystitid taxa show minor modifications to this basic peristomial bordering plate pattern. As thecal morphologies are highly variable within populations, taxonomic revision of holocystitids is based on modifications of the plating of the oral area.

Taxonomic review of Angarotipula Savchenko, (Diptera: Tipulidae) in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenja Brodo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
First Instar ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shared Character

AbstractIn this paper, Angarotipula Savchenko, 1961 (Diptera: Tipulidae) is redescribed and differentiated from other genera in Tipulidae and subgenera of Tipula Linnaeus, 1758, where this taxon was previously placed. Angarotipula tumidicornis (Lundström, 1907) is synonymised with Angarotipula parrioides (Alexander, 1919) (new synonym), the latter is a junior synonym. A lectotype is designated for A. tumidicornis. The female and first instar of Angarotipula illustris (Doane, 1901) and the pupa of A. tumidicornis are described and illustrated for the first time. Keys to adults, larvae, and pupae of the two North American species are presented. A close relationship between Angarotipula and Prionocera Loew, 1844 is suggested based on shared character states.

Systematics of North American Petasites (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). III. A taxonomic revision

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Cherniawsky ◽  
Randall J Bayer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Single Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Isozyme Analyses ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
High Degree

Petasites Mill. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) is a taxonomically difficult genus of polygamodioecious, perennial herbs with a widespread distribution across North America. As many as 10 species and as few as two species (Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A. Gray and Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries with three varieties), with one hybrid taxon, have been recognized previously. Considerable taxonomic controversy has surrounded the genus as a result of a conservative floral morphology and a high degree of polymorphism in leaf morphology. Additionally, a number of intergrading leaf forms among those with rather consistent taxonomic characteristics across various treatments have contributed to the taxonomic ambivalence surrounding Petasites. Our taxonomic revision of North American Petasites is based on results obtained from recent multivariate morphometric and isozyme analyses. These data have indicated that taxa of Petasites are not sufficiently differentiated, morphologically or isozymically, from one another to warrant the recognition of separate species. Therefore, Petasites is circumscribed as a single species containing three varietal taxa and one hybrid taxon between two of the varieties. Although our circumscription of P. sagittatus is in accordance with most previous circumscriptions, we have removed it from the rank of species to varietal status under P. frigidus. The new combination Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) Cherniawsky is proposed. Subsequent to the new status of one of its parental taxa (P. frigidus var. sagittatus), the new combination for Petasites ×vitifolius (Greene) Bogle is proposed: Petasites frigidus var. ×vitifolius (Greene) Cherniawsky. The three entities of the frigidus complex are united under one polymorphic taxon, P. frigidus var. frigidus and the circumscription and name of Petasites frigidus var.palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. is in accordance with previous authors. A complete list of synonymy and a key to the taxa of Petasites is presented together with distribution maps.Key words: Petasites, Asteraceae, Senecioneae, North America, taxonomic revision.

Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3318 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko MUTANEN ◽  
LEIF AARVIK ◽  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS Landry ◽  
ANDREAS H. SEGERER ◽  
OLE KARSHOLT
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Differences

DNA barcodes of European tortricid moths identified as Epinotia nisella (Clerck, 1759) were found to comprise two ge-netically distinct clusters. These coincided with E. nisella and E. cinereana (Haworth, 1811) (sp. rev.), the latter havingbeen considered a synonym of the former for several decades. Comparing these DNA barcodes with those of North Amer-ican Epinotia showed that both species are Holarctic. The North American Proteopteryx criddleana Kearfott, 1907 is anew junior synonym of E. cinereana (syn. nov.). The two species also show distinct differences in male and female gen-italia. North American populations of both species show moderate differences in barcodes from their respective Europeanpopulations but there are no morphological differences correlated with the intraspecific barcode clusters. Tortrix petranaHübner, 1813 is considered as a junior synonym of E. cinereana (syn. rev.). Epinotia nisella has several synonyms reflect-ing its highly variable forewing colour pattern. We discuss its variation and the status of the names associated with it. The biology of both species in Europe and North America is summarized. Adults and genitalia are illustrated.

Redescription of Rhabdochona cotti (Nematoda, Rhabdochonidae) from Cottus caeruleomentum (Teleostei, Cottidae) in Maryland, USA, with remarks on the taxonomy of North American Rhabdochona spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Moravec ◽  
Patrick Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Host ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThe nematode Rhabdochona cotti Gustafson, 1949 is redescribed from specimens collected from the intestine of the blue ridge sculpin Cottus caeruleomentum (a new host record), a recently described fish species, from Little Fishing Creek in Maryland, USA. The measurements of these specimens, collected in November 2005, are generally smaller than those reported in the original description of R. cotti, this being probably associated with the nematode’s seasonal maturation cycle or the different host species. As revealed by SEM, the deirids of R. cotti are simple (not bifurcate), in which this species differs from almost all North American congeners. Of these, simple deirids, filamented eggs and a rounded tail tip in females occur only in Rhabdochona longleyi, but it distinctly differs from R. cotti in the smaller number of anterior prostomal teeth (6 vs. 14). Rhabdochona rotundicaudatum is considered a junior synonym of Rhabdochona cascadilla; numerous specimens of the latter were collected from Semotilus atromaculatus, Luxilus cornutus and Notropis rubellus from the type locality (Eramosa River, Ontario, Canada) (unpublished). Rhabdochona paxmani and Rhabdochona salmonis are synonymized with Rhabdochona kisutchi, whereas Rhabdochona californiensis is considered a junior synonym of R. cascadilla. The need of a taxonomic revision of North American species of Rhabdochona is stressed.

Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier) (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae) from Plio-Pleistocene deposits in Africa and Eurasia, with comments on dispersal and the possibility of a New World origin

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Turner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Area Of Origin

African machairodont specimens previously referred to three species of Megantereon are considered to represent a single species in turn argued to be conspecific with the Eurasian species Megantereon cultridens (Cuvier). The area of origin of Megantereon remains unclear, but doubt is expressed about claims for an earliest appearance of the genus in North America. It is probable that the North American species M. hesperus is a junior synonym of M. cultridens.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 1-165
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Godwin ◽  
Jason E. Bond
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽  
America South ◽  
Three New Species

This study documents a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the New World Ummidia species. At the onset of this work the genus comprised 27 species and one subspecies with a cosmopolitan distribution that includes North America, South America, Asia, northern Africa, and Europe; of these species the majority of the nominal diversity can be attributed to the New World where 20 species have been previously described. Ummidia oaxacana (Chamberlin, 1925) is considered a nomen dubium; U. tuobita (Chamberlin, 1917) and U. absoluta (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of U. audouini (Lucas, 1835); the subspecies U. carabivora emarginata (Atkinson, 1886) is considered a junior synonym of U. carabivora (Atkinson, 1886); U. pygmaea (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1945) is considered a junior synonym of U. beatula (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940); U. celsa (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) is considered a junior synonym of U. funerea (Gertsch, 1936); Hebestatis lanthanus (Valerio, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of U. rugosa (Karsch, 1880). Thirty-three new species are described: U. neilgaimani, U. gingoteague, U. rongodwini, U. okefenokee, U. richmond, U. macarthuri, U. colemanae, U. rosillos, U. mercedesburnsae, U. paulacushingae, U. waunekaae, U. gertschi, U. timcotai, U. gabrieli, U. pesiou, U. rodeo, U. huascazaloya, U. anaya, U. cuicatec, U. brandicarlileae, U. riverai, U. frankellerae, U. hondurena, U. yojoa, U. matagalpa, U. carlosviquezi, U. varablanca, U. quepoa, U. cerrohoya, U. quijichacaca, U. tibacuy, U. neblina, U. tunapuna.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Anostomoides (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4646 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-144
Author(s):  
FERNANDO MASSAYUKI ASSEGA ◽  
JOSÉ LUÍS OLIVAN BIRINDELLI
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Longitudinal Stripe ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Dermal Papillae

A taxonomic revision of Anostomoides is herein presented based on a comprehensive revision of specimens deposited in fish collections and the literature. The present revision proposes that A. laticeps is a junior synonym of A. atrianalis, while A. passionis is a junior synonym of Leporinus nattereri, and the latter is thus transferred to Anostomoides, forming the new combination Anostomoides nattereri. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed that examined specimens form two distinct morphotypes, corroborating the validity of both A. atrianalis and A. nattereri. Anostomoides nattereri is distinguished from A. atrianalis by having four branchiostegal rays (vs. three), three pores in infraorbital one (vs. four), 37–39 pored lateral-line scales (vs. 41–44), lower lip with rounded dermal papillae (vs. forming ridges), three dark  rounded midlateral blotches (vs. three or four vertically elongated blotches and/or a faded dark longitudinal stripe), dark lines between scale series on posterior half of body on specimens smaller than 150 mm SL (vs. dark lines absent), a greater body depth (27.6–36.2 % vs. 24.5–38.7% of SL) and smaller interorbital distance (34.4–53.8 % vs. 42.6–67.3 % of HL). Anostomoides nattereri is distributed across several tributaries of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, whereas A. atrianalis is widespread throughout the Amazon, Orinoco, and Essequibo basins. The genus Anostomoides is currently diagnosed based on a combination of non-exclusive characters: upturned or slightly upturned mouth with four premaxillary teeth including symphyseal tooth bicuspid or with blunt cutting edge, remaining teeth slightly tricuspid (with medial cuspid distinctly larger); four dentary teeth, symphyseal tooth with truncate cutting edge (without cusps); second tooth with a single large cusp, and two lateral teeth with three or slightly more small cusps. 

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