Systematics of North American Petasites (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). III. A taxonomic revision

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Cherniawsky ◽  
Randall J Bayer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Single Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Isozyme Analyses ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
High Degree

Petasites Mill. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) is a taxonomically difficult genus of polygamodioecious, perennial herbs with a widespread distribution across North America. As many as 10 species and as few as two species (Petasites sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) A. Gray and Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries with three varieties), with one hybrid taxon, have been recognized previously. Considerable taxonomic controversy has surrounded the genus as a result of a conservative floral morphology and a high degree of polymorphism in leaf morphology. Additionally, a number of intergrading leaf forms among those with rather consistent taxonomic characteristics across various treatments have contributed to the taxonomic ambivalence surrounding Petasites. Our taxonomic revision of North American Petasites is based on results obtained from recent multivariate morphometric and isozyme analyses. These data have indicated that taxa of Petasites are not sufficiently differentiated, morphologically or isozymically, from one another to warrant the recognition of separate species. Therefore, Petasites is circumscribed as a single species containing three varietal taxa and one hybrid taxon between two of the varieties. Although our circumscription of P. sagittatus is in accordance with most previous circumscriptions, we have removed it from the rank of species to varietal status under P. frigidus. The new combination Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus (Banks ex Pursh) Cherniawsky is proposed. Subsequent to the new status of one of its parental taxa (P. frigidus var. sagittatus), the new combination for Petasites ×vitifolius (Greene) Bogle is proposed: Petasites frigidus var. ×vitifolius (Greene) Cherniawsky. The three entities of the frigidus complex are united under one polymorphic taxon, P. frigidus var. frigidus and the circumscription and name of Petasites frigidus var.palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. is in accordance with previous authors. A complete list of synonymy and a key to the taxa of Petasites is presented together with distribution maps.Key words: Petasites, Asteraceae, Senecioneae, North America, taxonomic revision.

On the presence of North American clubmoss Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodiaceae) in China: An intercontinental disjunction or misidentification

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Xian-Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
North American ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North

The North American shining clubmoss, Huperzia lucidula, was originally thought to be endemic to North America. However it was reported from China by Ren Chang Ching in 1981, and hence was believed to have a disjunct distribution in North America and Asia. Since then, in all Chinese literature H. lucidula has been described as a disjunct taxon, although in North American literature it has nearly always only been reported from eastern North America. The studies on the Chinese taxon are at present insufficient to address this taxonomical and biogeographical disparity. In this study we have attempted to unravel this issue using integrative morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study included a thorough examination of specimens from the entire distribution range of H. lucidula in the USA, Canada and China following field collections. Molecular study included Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetical analyses of three chloroplast markers: the genes rbcL and matK and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer. The results showed distinct morphological differences between the North American and Chinese taxa, sufficient to recognize them as separate species. The molecular results corroborated these findings and supported the separation of the two taxa. Based on our results, the Chinese taxon is neither a variant of H. lucidula nor sister to it and therefore the supposed disjunct distribution of H. lucidula is erroneous and a result of misidentification. The Chinese taxon that was firstly reported by Ching as H. lucidula var. asiatica has been elevated to the species rank and a new combination has been made.

scholarly journals Generic revision of the Holocystitidae of North America (Diploporita, Echinodermata) based on universal elemental homology

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Sheffield ◽  
Colin D. Sumrall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Oral Plate ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
Oral Area

AbstractThe Holocystites Fauna is an enigmatic group of North American diploporitans that presents a rare window into unusual middle Silurian echinoderm communities. Multiple systematic revisions have subdivided holocystitids on the basis of presumed differences in oral area plating and respiratory structures. However, these differences were based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the homologous elements of the oral area and the taphonomic process; taphonomic disarticulation of the oral area formed the basis for the erection of Pentacystis and Osgoodicystis as separate genera, and Osgoodicystis is interpreted as the junior synonym of Pentacystis. Holocystitids show a conservative peristomial bordering plate pattern that is shared among all described genera. The peristome is bordered by seven interradially positioned oral plates as is typical for oral plate–bearing blastozoans. A second open circlet of facetal plates lies distal to the oral plates; five of these facetal plates bear facets for feeding appendages (lost on the A ambulacrum in some taxa), while two lateral facets (present in all taxa except Pustulocystis) do not. Holocystitid taxa show minor modifications to this basic peristomial bordering plate pattern. As thecal morphologies are highly variable within populations, taxonomic revision of holocystitids is based on modifications of the plating of the oral area.

Additions to the Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) flora of Ontario, Canada, and a checklist of North American Mallomonas species

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Electron Microscopical

Twenty-three species and varieties of the chrysophyte Mallomonas (Mallomonadaceae) are reported from Ontario lakes and ponds. Identifications were based on electron microscopical details of siliceous scale and bristle structure and include seven taxa not previously reported from North America (M. peronoides (Harris) Momeu & Péterfi, M. alata f. hualvensis Asmund, Cronberg & Dürrschmidt, M. costata Durrschmidt, M. canina Kristiansen, M. pillula f. exannulata Harris, M. pumilio var. pumilio Harris & Bradley emend. Asmund, Cronberg & Dürrschmidt, M. pumilio var. munda Asmund, Cronberg & Dürrschmidt). Included also are several little-known species that have been reported only once or twice from North America. Mallomonas canina Kristiansen has many similarities with M. hindonii Nicholls and might be combined with it should examination of more material from other localities show there is a case for synonomy. Bristle structure, as a feature for distinguishing M. papilhsa var. papillosa from var. ellpsoidea, may no longer be supported since var. ellipsoidea bristles were found attached to var. papillosa scales. For consistency within the subgenus Mallomonopsis (sensu Asmund & Kristiansen 1986), the new combination Mallomonas bangladeshica (Tak. & Hay. emend. Wujek & Timpano) Nicholls comb.nov. is proposed. A listing of all North American reports of Mallomonas taxa (totalling 75) has been compiled. Of these, 66 Mallomonas species (and subspecies) have been reported from Ontario.

Phylogeny, taxonomy and biology of mites of the genera Chelacheles and Neochelacheles (Acari : Cheyletidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre V. Bochkov ◽  
Barry M. OConnor
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Species Groups

Taxonomic revision and parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of species in two closely related genera of predaceous Cheyletidae, Chelacheles Baker and Neochelacheles Smiley & Williams, are conducted. Among species of these genera, C. algericus Fain & Bochkov, syn. nov. and C. humilis Rasool, Chaudhri & Akbar, syn. nov. are synonymised with C. strabismus Baker and C. bakeri Attiah, respectively. Six new species are described: C.�aigamuxa, sp. nov.; C. klimovi, sp. nov.; C. seminole, sp. nov.; C. temoak, sp. nov.; N. corpuzrarosae, sp. nov.; and N. mendicus, sp. nov. The genus Chelacheles includes two species-groups, strabismus (seven species) and peritremaculatus (seven species), and two ungrouped species, C. michalskii Samsinak and C. stigmaeoides Barilo. The genus Neochelacheles (three species) is represented by a single species from North America and by two Philippine endemics. New diagnoses of the genera are given as well as descriptions of postembryonic stages of a model species in each genus, a key, and redescriptions for most species. The biology of these mites is briefly discussed. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the associations of some species with polypore bracket fungi have arisen independently in the genera Chelacheles and Neochelacheles.

Metamelanea and Stromatella, new Genera of Lichinaceae

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Henssen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
The Alps

AbstractThe new generic names Metamelanea Henssen and Strotnatella Henssen are described inthe Lichinaceae. They are denned by the developmental morphology of the ascocarp and thallus structure. In both genera the thallus is subfruticose, and the cyanobiont a single-celled member of the Chroococcales. The genus Metamelanea is based on the type species M.umbonata Henssen, newly described from the Alps, and M. melambola (Tuck.) Henssen comb, nov., found in North America. The genus Strotnatella is based on the single species, S. bermudana (Riddle) Henssen, formerly Psorotichia bermudana Riddle. The new genera are compared with species of other genera of the Lichinaceae: Gyrocollema, Lecidopyrenopsis and Porocyphus; some micrographs of Lecidopyrenopsis corticola Vainio. are also included. The new combination Porocyphus ocellatus(Th. Fr.) Henssen is made; Pyrenopsis triptococcus Nyl. is selected as lectotype of Pyrenopsis subgen. Cladopsis Nyl. (syn. Cladopsis (Nyl) Hue).

scholarly journals The Genus Pachyma (Syn. Wolfiporia) Reinstated and Species Clarification of the Cultivated Medicinal Mushroom “Fuling” in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wu ◽  
Shou-Jian Li ◽  
Cai-Hong Dong ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai ◽  
Viktor Papp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
East Asian ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Wide Range

The fungus “Fuling” has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2000 years, and its sclerotia have a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-aging etc. This prized medicinal mushroom also known as “Hoelen” is resurrected from a piece of pre-Linnean scientific literature. Fries treated it as Pachyma hoelen Fr. and mentioned that it was cultivated on pine trees in China. However, this name had been almost forgotten, and Poria cocos (syn. Wolfiporia cocos), originally described from North America, and known as “Tuckahoe” has been applied to “Fuling” in most publications. Although Merrill mentioned a 100 years ago that Asian Pachyma hoelen and North American P. cocos are similar but different, no comprehensive taxonomical studies have been carried out on the East Asian Pachyma hoelen and its related species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination on both the sclerotia and the basidiocarps which are very seldomly developed, the East Asian samples of Pachyma hoelen including sclerotia, commercial strains for cultivation and fruiting bodies, nested in a strongly supported, homogeneous lineage which clearly separated from the lineages of North American Wolfiporia cocos and other species. So we confirm that the widely cultivated “Fuling” Pachyma hoelen in East Asia is not conspecific with the North American Wolfiporia cocos. Based on the changes in Art. 59 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the generic name Pachyma, which was sanctioned by Fries, has nomenclatural priority (ICN, Art. F.3.1), and this name well represents the economically important stage of the generic type. So we propose to use Pachyma rather than Wolfiporia, and subsequently Pachyma hoelen and Pachyma cocos are the valid names for “Fuling” in East Asia and “Tuckahoe” in North America, respectively. In addition, a new combination, Pachyma pseudococos, is proposed. Furthermore, it seems that Pachyma cocos is a species complex, and that three species exist in North America.

CERATOZETIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Western North America ◽  
North American Arctic

AbstractThe Ceratozetidae of arctic western North America, represented by 12 species in 9 genera, are discussed. A new genus, Cyrtozetes, and species, Cyrtozetes denaliensis, are proposed, and Trichoribates copperminensis Hammer, T. polaris Hammer, Svalbardia paludicola Thor, Iugoribates gracilis Sellnick, Diapterobates notatus (Thorell) both adults and immatures, D. variabilis Hammer, Sphaerozetes arcticus Hammer, Fuscozetes sellnicki Hammer, Melanozetes longisetosus Hammer, and Ceratozetes spitsbergensis Thor and C. parvulus Sellnick are redescribed. Immatures of T. polaris, S. paludicola, F. sellnicki, and M. longisetosus are described. Distribution records of Ceratozetes gracilis (Michael) in the western North American arctic are listed. The new combination, Cyrtozetes shiranensis (Aoki and Fujikawa), is proposed.

Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) of eastern North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2873 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA M. REHAN ◽  
CORY S. SHEFFIELD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Species Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
A New Species

DNA barcoding is used to verify characters to morphologically differentiate genetically distinct species of eastern North American small carpenter bees, Ceratina. Here we reveal that the common eastern North American species, Ceratina dupla s. l., is actually three separate species based on fixed differences in DNA barcode sequences and morphological characters. This study adds a new species, C. mikmaqi Rehan & Sheffield, to the Ceratina dupla species-group of eastern North America, and raises another form, C. floridana formerly C. dupla floridana, to full species. Temporal niche partitioning between C. dupla and C. mikmaqi and geographic isolation of C. floridana further support the division of the C. dupla s. l. group into three species. A diagnosis and description of the new species are provided, as is a key for eastern North American species of Ceratina.

A taxonomic revision of Caloplaca herbidella and C. furfuracea

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf ARUP ◽  
Elin ÅKELIUS
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Grey Colour ◽  
New Distribution

AbstractCaloplaca herbidella (Hue) H. Magn. and C. furfuracea H. Magn. are two isidiate, epiphytic species in the large genus Caloplaca. Caloplaca herbidella in a strict sense is normally grey and fertile with thick, somewhat coralloid isidia, but orange, sterile forms with thin isidia also occur. Caloplaca furfuracea is superficially similar morphologically to C. herbidella s. str. but has thinner, more granular isidia and generally a darker grey colour. Doubts have been raised as to whether C. furfuracea should be acknowledged as a proper species or incorporated in C. herbidella. Using morphometric methods and molecular analysis of the nrITS DNA gene we show that C. herbidella and C. furfuracea are two clearly separated species. Furthermore, the mainly sterile, orange form of C. herbidella can be regarded as a separate species that is here described as C. coralliza Arup & Åkelius. All three species are described in detail, including photographs and notes on their ecology. Finally, new distribution maps for Europe show that C. herbidella and C. coralliza are widespread in Europe, but the latter is probably less common than the former. Caloplaca furfuracea is clearly very rare in Europe with only few collections from Switzerland and Sweden, but seems to be more common in North America.

RECOGNITION OF ILYBIUS VITTIGER (GYLLENHAL, 1827), NEW COMBINATION, IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Larson ◽  
Robert E. Roughley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe species Dytiscus vittiger Gyllenhal, 1827 is transferred from the genus Agabus Leach sensu lat. to Ilybius Erichson. The species is recorded from the western arctic regions of North America for the first time. A full description of the species and comparisons with other North American members of the genus are provided.

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