Attachment and Commitment in Dyadic Friendships: Mediating Roles of Satisfaction, Quality of Alternatives, and Investment Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Man Chow ◽  
Cin Cin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Investment Size ◽  
Dyadic Friendships ◽  
Mediation Processes

This study integrated the investment model and attachment theory to examine: (1) whether the link between friendship attachment and commitment would be mediated by relationship features of satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investment size; and (2) whether these mediation processes would function at the intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) levels. The sample included 120 pairs of same-sex friends (78 pairs of women). Data were analysed with the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM). Mediated actor effects suggest that individuals high in attachment avoidance are less satisfied with and invest less in their current friendship; these in turn, lead them to show less commitment. Furthermore, individuals high in attachment anxiety invest more in their current friendship, which in turn leads to higher commitment. Mediated partner effects suggest that individuals high in attachment avoidance have a friend who feels less satisfied with, invests less, and shows low commitment in their current friendship. The current study demonstrated that a dyadic design is useful in illustrating the dynamics of commitment between close friends.

scholarly journals Effects of Attachment Representations, Rumination, and Trait Depression on Co-Rumination in Friendships: A Dyadic Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Homa ◽  
Chong Man Chow
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Partner Effect ◽  
Dyadic Friendships

The current study addressed whether attachment, rumination, and trait depression were predictive of co-rumination in dyadic friendships. The final sample consisted of 205 pairs of same-sex friends (Mage = 18.93 years, SD = 1.31) and 135 (66%) of the dyads were female. Results revealed that an individual's attachment avoidance was significantly related to their own (actor effect) and their friend's (partner effect) co-rumination. Gender moderated the (1) effect of attachment avoidance on co-rumination at the actor and partner levels and (2) effect of attachment anxiety on co-rumination at the partner level. Furthermore, an interaction emerged between friendship duration and trait depression on co-rumination at the actor level. Considering the adjustment trade-offs of co-rumination (e.g., closer friendship quality accompanied with greater levels of depression and anxiety), it is important to understand the predictors of co-rumination and the consequences of it in order to effectively apply intervention efforts.

Perceptions of Sex Offenders’ Partners: Associated with Perceptions of Offenders and Influenced by Attachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Martens ◽  
Jessica L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Little research exists on how partners of sex offenders are perceived. Using attachment theory, we hypothesised that one's attachment would generalise to perceptions of sexual offenders and their partners. One hundred and six British adults’ attachment styles were assessed, as well as perceptions of sex offenders and their partners. Generally, perceivers’ attachment avoidance was associated with positive perceptions of both partners and offenders, while attachment anxiety was associated with negative perceptions of partners but positive perceptions of sex offenders. Perceptions of sex offenders and their partners were highly correlated and negative in nature, and sex offenders were more negatively perceived.

scholarly journals Coach–Athlete Attachment and the Subjective Well-Being of Athletes: A Multiple-Mediation Model Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4675
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Peng ◽  
Jiaxi Zhang ◽  
Luming Zhao ◽  
Peng Fang ◽  
Yongcong Shao
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aims to explore how coach–athlete attachment affects the subjective well-being (SWB) of athletes and is primarily focused on the confirmation of the mediating roles of athletes’ perceived coach support and self-esteem in the relationship between them. A total of 179 Chinese athletes participated in this study, in which they responded to questions comprising a coach–athlete attachment scale, a perceived coach support measurement, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and SWB measures. The results suggest that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance significantly predict SWB in athletes. The effects of attachment anxiety on SWB are partially mediated by perceived coach support and self-esteem, and the effects of attachment avoidance on SWB are completely mediated by perceived coach support and self-esteem. Moreover, a chain mediating effect was found: coach–athlete attachment → perceived coach support → self-esteem → SWB. These findings extend the conclusions of prior reports and shed light on how coach–athlete attachment influences the athlete’s well-being.

scholarly journals Considering Attachment and Partner Perceptions in the Prediction of Physical and Emotional Sexual Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Stine Øverup ◽  
Carrie V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Partner Satisfaction ◽  
Partner Perceptions

Introduction. Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding sexual satisfaction; generally, research suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with decreased sexual satisfaction. Given their different working models of self and other, perceptions of the partner’s level of satisfaction may differentially influence people’s own perceptions of satisfaction based on their attachment avoidance and anxiety. Aims. Across two studies, we sought to examine the predictive value of attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as perceptions of partner satisfaction in predicting physical and emotional satisfaction after sexual interactions. Methods. Participants (Study 1 = 52, and Study 2 = 144) completed a one-time survey containing a measure of attachment, and then reported on their physical and emotional sexual satisfaction after each sexual interaction over the course of 2-3 weeks. Main Outcome Measures. The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised was completed during a one-time survey, ratings of personal physical and emotional sexual satisfaction (Study 1 and 2) as well as perceptions of partner’s physical and emotional satisfaction were completed after sexual interactions (Study 2). Results. Greater attachment avoidance was associated with lesser physical and emotional satisfaction. Moreover, when perceiving the partner to be emotionally satisfied, people with more attachment avoidance reported less emotional satisfaction for themselves. For greater attachment anxiety, greater perceived partner satisfaction (physical and emotional) predicted greater personal satisfaction of both types. Conclusion. The findings support attachment theory as a valuable lens through which to study sexual satisfaction. Moreover, the results suggest that it is important to consider perceptions of partner sexual satisfaction in understanding the sexual satisfaction people who demonstrate attachment anxiety and avoidance.

scholarly journals Loyalty, Investment Model and New Media - A Correlation Study in Banking Services in Montenegro

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Bojana Femić-Radosavović ◽  
Milorad Jovović
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Online Word Of Mouth ◽  
Investment Size

Abstract In this paper we perceived causal relationship between loyalty, satisfaction, quality of the alternatives, investment size, and new media through online word of mouth in banking services in Montenegro. Obtained empirical results substantiated validity of the set hypothetical frame, i.e. meaningfulness of the conceptual model that is set.

The role of attachment avoidance and defensive fight in aggression

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1490
Author(s):  
Gery C. Karantzas ◽  
Nicolas Kambouropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Relationship Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Attachment insecurity (i.e., levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance) is associated with interpersonal violence and aggression. However, evidence suggests that the associations are more consistent for attachment anxiety than for attachment avoidance. This raises questions as to whether there are particular moderators that may help to explain the lack of consistency in findings for attachment avoidance. In this article, we focus on a novel moderator regarding the association between attachment avoidance and aggression. Drawing on attachment theory, the aggression literature, and research into systems of threat detection, we suggest that the association between attachment avoidance and aggression may reflect a defensive fight (DF) response in situations of high relationship threat. Across two studies (Study 1, a self-report cross-sectional design; N = 128; Study 2, a cross-sectional experimental design, N = 126), we tested the extent that DF moderated the association between attachment avoidance and aggression under perceived relationship threat. In line with our suggestion, a three-way interaction was found across both studies between attachment avoidance, relationship threat, and DF. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the study of interpersonal aggression from an attachment theory perspective.

Gender Differences in Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Under Attachment-Relevant Contexts

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Valdez ◽  
Michelle M. Lilly ◽  
David A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Attachment theory has been one of the leading theoretical frameworks in the last few decades for explaining physical violence within romantic relationships. In this study, the authors examined differences in attachment patterns and attitudinal acceptance of violence perpetrated in romantic relationships among men and women. The Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence questionnaire was developed to measure acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) under attachment-relevant contexts of abandonment, as well as other contexts identified in the literature. Results indicated that men with higher degrees of attachment anxiety were more accepting of both maleand female-perpetrated IPV under contexts of abandonment, and men with higher degrees of attachment avoidance were more accepting of female-perpetrated IPV under contexts of abandonment. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Attachment style, thought suppression, self-compassion and depression: Testing a serial mediation model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245056
Author(s):  
Clara V. Murray ◽  
Juno Irma-Louise Jacobs ◽  
Adam J. Rock ◽  
Gavin I. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Attachment anxiety has been consistently linked with increased vulnerability to depression, and hyperactivating emotion regulation strategies (e.g., rumination) have been shown to mediate this relationship. Investigations of mediators of the attachment avoidance to depression relationship have yielded inconsistent findings, and the nature of this relationship remains to be clarified. There is evidence to suggest that the constructs of thought suppression and self-compassion are associated with attachment avoidance and also with depressive symptomology. In order to further clarify the nature of this relationship, the present study tested a serial mediation model, whereby it was hypothesised that thought suppression and self-compassion were serial mediators of the relationship between attachment avoidance and depression. One hundred and forty-eight participants completed an online composite questionnaire consisting of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Questionnaire, the White Bear Suppression Inventory, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Initial results supported the hypothesised serial mediation model (Model A); that is, higher attachment avoidance predicted higher thought suppression, higher thought suppression predicted lower levels of self-compassion and lower levels of self-compassion predicted higher depression. However, this model was no longer significant following the inclusion of attachment anxiety as a covariate within the post-hoc analysis. A second, post-hoc serial mediation model was tested (Model B), with the only difference being that attachment anxiety replaced attachment avoidance as the independent variable. This model was significant, with and without the inclusion of attachment avoidance as a covariate. The study provides evidence for the central role of thought suppression and self-compassion as mechanisms underlying the relationship between insecure attachment and depression, and indicates that these factors operate in opposing directions. The findings are discussed in terms of explicating some of the processes through which insecure attachment confers vulnerability to depression. The implications of the observed degree of shared variance between the two attachment dimensions suggests these constructs may be more appropriately considered overlapping, rather than orthogonal.

Relational models and engagement: an attachment theory perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinta Byrne ◽  
Lumina Albert ◽  
Steven Manning ◽  
Rosemond Desir
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Relational Framework

Purpose Researchers have explored contextual antecedents influencing engagement at work; yet, theory and empirical evidence suggest some individuals are more or less engaged than others. Using a relational framework based on attachment theory, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that relational models influence engagement through their influence on psychological availability and psychological safety. Study 1 examined whether attachment influences variability in engagement. Study 2 examined whether these effects could be replicated, and whether attachment influences engagement via individuals’ psychological availability and safety. Design/methodology/approach Two field studies using online self-report surveys (Study 1 n=203; Study 2 n=709). Findings Attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety were independently associated with lower levels of engagement, and psychological conditions mediated these relationships. Research limitations/implications Relational models explain predictable variability in engagement. Employees’ ability to engage may be constrained or facilitated by their stable relational models of attachment. Originality/value The study is one of the few examining individual differences in engagement.

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