scholarly journals Increasing the Quality and Availability of Evidence-based Treatment for Tobacco Dependence through Unified Certification of Tobacco Treatment Specialists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Sheffer ◽  
Thomas Payne ◽  
Jamie S. Ostroff ◽  
Denise Jolicoeur ◽  
Michael Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Quality Evidence

Each year, tobacco use causes over 6 million deaths and is responsible for hundreds of billions of dollars in health care and economic costs in the world (WHO, 2011). If current trends continue, tobacco is expected to kill over 1 billion people in the 21st century, making it one of the single greatest causes of preventable death and disease in history (WHO, 2011). Long-term abstinence from tobacco use dramatically improves individuals’ health, reduces the incidence of tobacco-related disease, and is clearly responsible for saving lives (Anthonisen et al., 2005). Most tobacco users express a desire to achieve long-term abstinence from tobacco use and make numerous unsuccessful quit attempts over the course of many years (Borland, Partos, Yong, Cummings, & Hyland, 2012; CDC, 2011). Evidence-based treatments for tobacco use and dependence greatly improve the chances that quit attempts result in long-term abstinence (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Chambless et al., 1998; Compas, Haaga, Keefe, Leitenberg, & Williams, 1998; Fiore et al., 2008; Zwar et al., 2004). Increasing the availability of high-quality evidence-based treatment for tobacco use and dependence will make it more likely that tobacco users use evidence-based treatments and that quit attempts translate into long-term abstinence. The professionalisation of treatment for tobacco dependence by the development of a rigorous, unified Tobacco Treatment Specialist (TTS) certification process will increase the availability of high-quality evidence-based treatment for tobacco use and dependence for all tobacco users.

New terminology for the treatment of tobacco dependence: a proposal for debate

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Wolff ◽  
John R. Hughes ◽  
Susan S. Woods
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence

Tobacco dependence is characterised as a chronic, relapsing disorder that typically requires multiple quit attempts before successful, long-term abstinence is achieved (Steinberg, Foulds, Richardson, Burke, & Shah, 2006). Best practice, evidence-based treatment includes multiple-session counselling and pharmacotherapy, or the combination of both (Fiore et al., 2008). The field has moved past the notion that tobacco dependence is simply a bad habit, a vice, or a moral deficiency that can be overcome by willpower or education alone (Mars & Ling, 2008). However, the language used in discussing treatment has not always been consistent with this evidence. Some words and phrases used lend themselves to varied meanings, and could lead to significant misunderstanding not only among professionals in the field, but also among the general public (O'Brien, 2010; Davis, 1992; Perkins, 1999; Hughes, 2013). In this paper, we discuss some commonly used, problematic terminology, and suggest more appropriate terms (Table 1).

scholarly journals TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN EPISTEMIC AND MORAL VALUES IN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal Khosrowi
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract:Proponents of evidence-based policy (EBP) call for public policy to be informed by high-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials. This methodological preference aims to promote several epistemic values, e.g. rigour, unbiasedness, precision, and the ability to obtain causal conclusions. I argue that there is a trade-off between these epistemic values and several non-epistemic, moral and political values. This is because the evidence afforded by standard EBP methods is differentially useful for pursuing different moral and political values. I expand on how this challenges ideals of value-freedom and -neutrality in EBP, and offer suggestions for how EBP methodology might be revised.

Clinical studies of incidental intracranial meningiomas—towards high-quality evidence-based practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-674
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman I. Islim ◽  
Christopher P. Millward ◽  
Kirsty J. Martin-McGill ◽  
Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona ◽  
Thomas Santarius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Intracranial Meningiomas ◽  
Quality Evidence

Addressing the information needs of older patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Harris ◽  
Antony Bayer ◽  
Win Tadd
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Quality Evidence

The availability of high-quality, evidence-based, clearly communicated, user-focused information is central to the new NHS. Reliable information empowers patients and their families and enables them to become more knowledgeable about their care and condition following consultation and diagnosis or before a therapeutic intervention. It is an integral part of clinical governance and the clinical risk framework.

Organizing and delivering treatment for ADHD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Coghill ◽  
Marina Danckaerts
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Ongoing Care ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Quality Evidence

Following diagnosis, all children with ADHD will require some form of intervention, and most will require treatment over a relatively prolonged period of time. Whilst there are now several high-quality evidence-based guidelines for the management of ADHD, these are often difficult to operationalize into routine clinical practice and as a consequence studies report considerable variations in care at local, national, and international levels. We describe a structured, but flexible, approach to the organization and delivery of ADHD treatments that aims to optimize care and reduce variation in practice. This pathway pays particular attention to optimizing care through careful consideration of the initial targets for treatment and choice of first treatment, initiation and titration of medication treatments, monitoring ongoing care and identifying adverse events, and the adjustment and switching of treatments when outcomes are not optimal.

Evidence-based treatment and conceptualization of autism spectrum disorder: Emotion regulation, social impairment, and anxiety as targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Patriquin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Adults With Asd

The goal of this special issue is to highlight innovative evidence-based treatments and conceptualizations of emotion regulation difficulties, social impairment, and anxiety in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The issue is organized into these three highly linked constructs. Targeting these constructs effectively will help to ensure positive outcomes for youth and adults with ASD. It is clear that continued research is needed that creatively addresses emotion regulation problems, social impairment, and anxiety in ASD.

Asthma guidelines: which is the best of three?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
Andrew Booth
Keyword(s):  
Health Professional ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Asthma Guideline ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Quality Evidence

Andrew Booth offers a comprehensive look into national and international guidelines surrounding the diagnosis and management of asthma National and international guidelines provide evidence-based advice on the diagnosis and management of asthma. There are now three potential asthma guidelines to follow, each taking its own unique, and sometimes conflicting direction, creating a total of over 700 pages of high-quality evidence. A puzzle is thus presented to the busy health professional: which guideline do I follow? This article compares and contrasts two national and one international asthma guideline, focusing particularly on diagnosis and pharmacological management. Mortality from asthma is increasing in the UK, making the need for a conjoined guideline more urgent than ever.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Comparison of Robotic and Open Radical Prostatectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2228-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Lowrance ◽  
Tatum V. Tarin ◽  
Shahrokh F. Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Retropubic Prostatectomy ◽  
Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Quality Evidence

The rapid adoption of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has occurred despite a lack of high-quality evidence demonstrating its oncologic advantages, safety, or cost effectiveness compared with open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORP). This review examines the current literature comparing ORP and RALP, focusing on perioperative, oncologic, functional, and economic outcomes.

scholarly journals Is percutaneous image-guided renal tumour ablation ready for prime time?

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1114) ◽  
pp. 20200284
Author(s):  
Roberto Luigi Cazzato ◽  
Julien Garnon ◽  
Pierre De Marini ◽  
Pierre Auloge ◽  
Guillaume Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
First Line ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Quality Evidence

In the last few decades, thermal ablation (TA) techniques have been increasingly applied to treat small localised renal cell carcinomas. Despite this trend, there is still an underuse of TA compared to surgery and a substantial lack of high-quality evidence derived from large, prospective, randomised controlled trials comparing the long-term oncologic outcomes of TA and surgery. Therefore, in this narrative review, we assess published guidelines and recent literature concerning the diagnosis and management of kidney-confined renal cell carcinoma to understand whether percutaneous image-guided TA is ready to be proposed as a first-line treatment.

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