Cultural Values Versus Cultural Norms as Predictors of Differences in Helping Behaviors and in Emotion Regulation: A Preliminary Nation-Level Test Related to the Leung-Morris Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Helping Strangers ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Strength Of Effects

ABSTRACTLeung and Morris (2015) propose conditions under which values, norms, and schemata drive cultural differences in behavior. They build on past theories about dimensions of situational strength to propose that personal values drive behavior more in weak situations and perceived norms drive behavior more in strong situations. Drawing on this analysis as well as two recent models of cultural tightness-looseness, country-level effects are predicted on the assumption that tighter cultures more frequently create strong situations and looser cultures more frequently create weak situations. Using secondary data, I examine values as well as perceived descriptive norms and injunctive norms relevant to collectivism in relation to two key dependent measures: helping strangers and emotion regulation. The relation of embeddedness values to helping strangers is moderated negatively by tightness (in that high embeddedness reduces helping less in the context of tightness), and its relation to emotion regulation is moderated positively (in that embeddedness increases emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Furthermore, descriptive norms show main effects for both dependent variables that are predominantly unmoderated by tightness. Finally, the link of injunctive norms with emotion regulation is moderated positively by tightness (in that injunctiveness heightens emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Results support the relevance of nation-level tightness to reliance on values and norms, but the strength of effects depends on how it is operationalized.

Understanding and translating Confucian philosophy in the Analects: a sociosemiotic perspective

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Min
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Intercultural Understanding ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confucian Philosophy ◽  
The Analects

Abstract As the representative of Chinese classical works, the Analects represents a source of difficulty in both understanding and interpretation of Confucian philosophy. Confucian philosophy as a philosophy of creativity and otherness is closely related with the social and cultural values in society. Therefore, the study of Confucian philosophy in the Analects cannot be separated from the descriptive study of the effects of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, contexts, language use, and the effects of language use on society. This article attempts to explore how the meaning of Confucian philosophy in the Analects is interpreted and accepted by Western readers through complex social semiotic interactions. The article focuses on the interpretation of Confucian philosophy as a reflection of cultural assumptions, values and prohibitions, and the manipulation of the social semiotic resources in the process of understanding, translation, and acceptance of Confucian philosophy in the Analects through a discussion of its original text, different versions and the reasons behind the social semiotic activities. The article concludes with a consideration of significant social semiotic interactions that influence the translator’s interpretation and reader’s acceptance of Confucian philosophy so as to facilitate intercultural understanding.

scholarly journals Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Cialdini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Normative Appeals ◽  
Normative Message ◽  
Normative Messages

It is widely recognized that communications that activate social norms can be effective in producing societally beneficial conduct. Not so well recognized are the circumstances under which normative information can backfire to produce the opposite of what a communicator intends. There is an understandable, but misguided, tendency to try to mobilize action against a problem by depicting it as regrettably frequent. Information campaigns emphasize that alcohol and drug use is intolerably high, that adolescent suicide rates are alarming, and—most relevant to this article—that rampant polluters are spoiling the environment. Although these claims may be both true and well intentioned, the campaigns' creators have missed something critically important: Within the statement “Many people are doing this undesirable thing” lurks the powerful and undercutting normative message “Many people are doing this.” Only by aligning descriptive norms (what people typically do) with injunctive norms (what people typically approve or disapprove) can one optimize the power of normative appeals. Communicators who fail to recognize the distinction between these two types of norms imperil their persuasive efforts.

Ethnic variation in emotion regulation: do cultural differences end where psychopathology begins?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
E.A. Arens ◽  
N. Balkir ◽  
S. Barnow
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Turkish Patients ◽  
Mental Well Being

IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) via cognitive reappraisal (CR) has been shown to be superior to the use of expressive suppression (ES) in terms of several aspects of mental well-being. However, a cultural perspective suggests that the consequences of ES may be moderated by cultural values (Western/individualistic vs. Eastern/collectivistic values).ObjectiveTo test this hypothesis that ES may be associated with better outcomes in collectivistic cultures (e.g. Turkey) than in individualistic cultures (e.g. Germany) not only in healthy individuals but also in patients with mental disorders.AimThis study aims to gather knowledge to what extent associations of ER strategies and mental health are universal or rather culturally specific.MethodsWe investigated healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) German women and healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 30) Turkish immigrants living in Germany. Groups were compared in terms of frequency of ER strategies (CR and ES) and their consequences for different aspects of mental well-being.ResultsHealthy Turkish immigrants exhibited a greater ER flexibility (frequent use of ES plus frequent use of CR) what was associated with more positive outcomes of ES in Turkish than in German women. None of these differences were found between patient samples, both of which showed a greater use of ES than CR.ConclusionsResults suggest that cultural moderation of ES consequences are associated with a greater ER flexibility in healthy Turkish individuals. Depressed Turkish patients may not profit from ES due to their more rigid use of ES.

Cultural Values found in Kuruntokai Songs

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Eswaran S
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Tamil Literature

Tamil literature is a disciple of Sangam literature and the cultural norms of life. The cultural values found in short songs can be summarized in this article. Kuruntokai compilation of Kuruntokai songs. Kuruntokai songs are excellent. Even in Kuruntokai songs, they are full of rare messages. The cultural values found in kuruntokai songs are created forever. This article is about to be read.

scholarly journals POLA INTERAKSI PEDAGANG KONSINYASI DENGAN PEMILIK WARUNG DI KECAMATAN TONDANO SELATAN, PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romi Mesra ◽  
Yummy Jumiati Marsa ◽  
Mardiati Etika Putri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

The author who is directly involved in the consignment trading process sees so many phenomena that occur, whether it is related to the consignment trader, the shop owner, the emotional relationship between the two, business relationships, character, cultural values, and so on. The research approach used in this study is qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by in-depth interviews and observations. The types of data in this study are: primary data and secondary data. Data analysis techniques in this study use data analysis techniques miles and hubermen, including data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and drawing conclusions and verification (conclusion drawing / verification). The results of this study indicate that there are 7 patterns of interaction between consignment traders and shop owners, namely: making mutually beneficial business agreements, cooperation on the basis of mutual trust, mutual understanding of each other's character, respecting different cultures, disputes for breaking the agreement, lack of openness, and conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Main Effects and Interaction Effects of Bank Ownership Types and Bank Core Capital Category to the Bank NPL Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Fongnawati Budhijono
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Bank Ownership ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Ownership Types

Credit management capability is seen as a crucial aspect for banks sustainability. The variable that is directly related to bank credit risk is a non-performing loan (NPL) which is commonly used to assess the asset quality of a bank. The purpose of this research is to analyze main effects and interaction effects of  bank ownership types and bank core capital category (BUKU) to the bank NPL performance. The study was conducted using secondary data obtained from bank quarterly reports from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) through the website ojk.go.id, bank financial reports, and infobank magazine. Bank’s performance in the classification of bank ownership types and bank core capital category were evaluated with respect to bank’s  NPL which in this case is used as  indicator of the bank’s performance. Tests were performed using TWO WAY ANOVA and  Post Hoc Test. The findings of this study found that the main effect type of bank ownership had a significant effect on the performance of NPL management, the main effect of banks’ BUKU had no significant effect on the performance of NPL management and the interaction effect of bank type and banks’ BUKU had a significant effect on the performance of NPL management.  

scholarly journals REVITALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Iman Hilman ◽  
Nedi Sunaedi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Indigenous Group

Local wisdom that exist nowadays is facing challenge that threaten its preservation, so that it begins to eroded by the development of technology, which has adoption process of innovation and the diffusion of technology adoption. Understanding the local wisdom would be clear that local wisdom becomes important in managing natural resources and conserving environment. The purpose of this research is to revitalize and preserve the local wisdom of the indigenous community at Kampung Kuta, Ciamis Regency, West Java. The benefits of this research will be used for revitalization and preservation of local wisdom and revitalize the values and cultural norms contained in regulating the life of community.The research method and planning that would be applied in this revitalization and  preservation of cultural  is Participatory Planning and Research (PPR) which emphasize on excavate information through thorough inquiry toward local community. Share with the community, to talk about how to empower local community and furthermore to carry out the useful planning for local community.Design of revitalization and preservation of local wisdom; the establisment of local wisdom group with training and learning program; the management of indigenous group continuously; spread widely local wisdom to its supporter with instilling cultural values and local wisdom as a contain of local wisdom; plan regeneration agent and the supporter of local wisdom as a part of inheritance of culture.Revitalization and preservation of local wisdom in educational environment at Kampung Kuta custom produce : cultural tradition management; help and support for cultural development; promoting and introducing cultural tradition to the outside community. Keywords: Revitalization, Conservation, Preservation, Local Wisdom, Environmental Education

scholarly journals Self-Regulated Studying Behavior, and the Social Norms that Influence It

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Eyink ◽  
Benjamin Motz ◽  
Gordon Heltzel ◽  
Torrin Liddell
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
College Course ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Influence Behavior

Teachers use injunctive norms when telling students what they should be doing. But researchers find that sometimes descriptive norms, information about what others are doing, more powerfully influence behavior. Currently, we examine which norm is more effective at increasing self-regulated studying and performance in an online college course. We found injunctive norms increased study behaviors aimed at fulfilling course requirements (completion of assigned activities), but did not improve learning outcomes. Descriptive norms increased behaviors aimed at improving knowledge (ungraded practice with activities after they were due), and improved performance. These results imply norms have a stronger influence over behavior when there is a match between the goal of the behavior (fulfilling course requirements vs. learning goals) and the pull of a stated norm (social approval vs. efficacy). Because the goal of education is learning, this suggests descriptive norms have a greater value for motivating self-regulated study in authentic learning environments.

scholarly journals Home (not so) sweet home

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Rialp-Criado ◽  
Seyed Meysam Zolfaghari Ejlal Manesh ◽  
Øystein Moen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to elaborate on the crucial effects that a seemingly detrimental policy change in Spain has had on the international entrepreneurial activities of domestic renewable energy (RE) firms. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected from nine RE companies in Spain and then triangulated with secondary data and interviews from informants in other local institutions. Findings Domestic RE firms, due to an institutional scape driver action, reacted to an increasingly uncertain and generally more adverse renewable energy policy framework in this country by preferring to internationalise towards foreign markets that had lower political uncertainty than the domestic one. Research limitations/implications This paper complements previous research primarily on firm-specific factors that enhance internationalising firms’ survival and growth through a focus on the impact of a changing institutional-political environment at the home country-level. Practical implications Practitioners in the RE sector should analyse the risk of focusing only on the home market, as it can be too dependent on uncontrolled variations in domestic energy policy. Social implications The findings indicate that a more stable and supportive, long-term perspective in the domestic RE policy is essential for the sustained growth and development of this emerging industry. Originality/value To analyse the strategy by which a number of purposefully selected companies were able to use international expansion as a survival-seeking strategy against a drastic policy-level change in the domestic RE market.

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