A new perspective on women’s care burden and employment in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Çisel Ekiz Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Household Members

Abstract Women’s intra-household care burden is one of the main reasons behind women’s low employment rates in Turkey. Many empirical studies have tested this relationship by focusing on the existence of dependent household members, if any. They have largely overlooked the use of care services and the time spent on caring for dependent household members to evaluate women’s care burden. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between women’s care burden and employment prospects and status in Turkey from the perspective of access to care services and the time dimension of the care burden. This relationship is analyzed through the logit model by using latest available data from the 2014–2015 Time Use Survey. The article shows that the time spent by women caring for dependent household members, and access to care services, are the most important factors influencing women’s employment probability in Turkey. Benefiting from informal childcare services increases the employment probability of women approximately twenty-seven times, while benefiting from formal childcare services increases two times and informal adult-care services 2.6 times. Ensuring the accessibility of institutional care services improves women’s employment status by enabling women’s transition from part-time to full-time jobs, and from unskilled to professional jobs.

Ethnic Differences in Women's Employment

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Holdsworth ◽  
Angela Dale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This paper uses the 1 per cent household file from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) for the 1991 Census and the ONS Longitudinal Study (LS) to explore variations in patterns of employment and occupational attainment among women from different ethnic groups. The analysis of the SARs focuses on the impact of lifecycle events on women's employment status and economic activity. The presence of a partner is identified as having the greatest impact on Pakinstani and Bangladeshi women's employment, while the presence of a pre-school child is most significant for White women's economic activity. White women also have a higher rate of part-time worlding than all other ethnic groups. These patterns are for malised in two models, one for economic activity and a second for full-time/part-time work. The LS is used to investigate the impact of these employment patterns on women's occupational attainment over a ten-year period. The analysis demonstrates that, while minority ethnic women in nonmanual occupations have similar longitudinal occupational profiles to White women, those in manual occupations fare worse than their White counterparts, despite the fact that a larger propotion of minority ethnic women are in fill-time employment.

scholarly journals Research Note: Gender Differences in Employment During the COVID-19 Epidemic

Demography ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Villarreal ◽  
Wei-hsin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on gender disparities in three employment outcomes: labor force participation, full-time employment, and unemployment. Using data from the monthly Current Population Survey, in this research note we test individual fixed-effects models to examine the employment status of women relative to that of men in the nine months following the onset of the epidemic in March of 2020. We also test separate models to examine differences between women and men based on the presence of young children. Because the economic effects of the epidemic coincided with the summer months, when women's employment often declines, we account for seasonality in women's employment status. After doing so, we find that women's full-time employment did not decline significantly relative to that of men during the months following the beginning of the epidemic. Gender gaps in unemployment and labor force participation did increase, however, in the early and later months of the year, respectively. Our findings regarding women's labor force participation and employment have implications for our understanding of the long-term effects of the health crisis on other demographic outcomes.

scholarly journals Household extension and employment among Asian immigrant women in the US

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehye Kang ◽  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Child Care Assistance ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Care Assistance

To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women's employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Further, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance – especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in each of these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.

scholarly journals Developing a Community Engaged Sickle Cell Disease Center: An Initial Data Analysis of Healthcare Utilization Rates and Perspectives of Key Informants.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannatu Tunga-Lergo
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Acute Care Services

Background: The mortality rate of individuals with Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most prevalent genetic disease in the United States, has been has been increasing at 1% per year. It has been declared a global and national public health priority by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As a complex chronic and acute condition, preventive care and patient management of SCD requires a patient-centered, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary approach; unfortunately, few SCD treatment centers use this approach. Moreover, individuals with SCD are at the intersectionality of race and socioeconomics and thus face additional barriers to access to quality care, which may ultimately result in higher utilization of acute care services, especially during the transitioning period from pediatric to adult care. Greater acute care utilization has been found to be associated with higher mortality rate and severely compromised health related quality of life; thus, it is important to assessing needs of SCD patients as they relate to access to care. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary needs assessment for the development of a community engaged SCD center. This study also aimed to determine if frequency of acute care utilization was associated with age and insurance type, to provide surveillance data, and to identify opportunities to address barriers to access to care from key informant (local and cross-institutional) perspectives. Method: A retrospective cohort study of SCD related emergency department (ED), inpatient hospitalization, and outpatient clinic utilization encounters, which occurred from 09/01/2012-06/01/2019, was queried from UF Health's Integrated Data Repository (IDR). Quantitative analysis, frequencies, proportions, and Pearson Chi-square inference, were conducted on the administrative data received. Further, key informant interviews of stakeholders in Alachua County, FL and Yale New Haven Health's Adult Sickle Cell Program, New Haven, CT were performed. An iterative qualitative thematic analysis of their perspectives was conducted. Result: There were 27,932 total encounters that were stratified by age and payer type. The average length of hospitalization stay was .71 +/- 3.84. The 18-30-year-olds had the highest proportion of ED utilization (34.7%), hospitalizations (32.1%), and outpatient clinic utilization (26.4%). This was followed by the 31-45-year-olds with 20.4% of ED utilizations, 22% of hospitalizations, and 20.5% of outpatient clinic utilizations. Those with public health insurance accounted for 74% of ED encounters, 81% of hospitalizations, and 82% of outpatient encounters. Common themes and subthemes from key informant interviews included: champion, transition of care, pain management, bias, patient and family education, provider knowledge, social worker, multidisciplinary/comprehensive care, mental health, education, and employment. Conclusion: Among adults with SCD in the UF Health system, younger adults (e.g., those who are transitioning into adult care) and those with public insurance utilized acute care services at greater proportions, indicating a need to identify and address possible barriers to access to care.

scholarly journals Household Extension and Employment Among Asian Immigrant Women in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehye Kang ◽  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Child Care Assistance ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Care Assistance

To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women’s employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first-generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Furthermore, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance—especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults and employment, but only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.

Glamour and Aspiration: Women's Employment and the Establishment of Midlands ATV, 1956–68

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Murray
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Television News ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Television Production ◽  
News Broadcasts ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Status Of Women

This article uses an extant collection of television news inserts and other television ephemera to examine women's employment at Midlands ATV. Focusing on the years between the first Midlands News broadcasts in 1956 until major contract changes across the ITV network in 1968, it examines the jobs women did during this formative period and their chances for promotion. In particular it suggests that contemporary ideas of glamour and their influence in screen culture maintained a significant influence in shaping women's employment. This connection between glamorous television aesthetics and female employees as the embodiment of glamour, especially on screen, did leave women vulnerable to redundancy as ‘frivolity’ in television was increasingly criticised in the mid-1960s. However, this article argues that the precarious status of women in the industry should not undermine historical appreciation of the value of their work in the establishing of television in Britain. Setting this study of Midlands ATV within the growing number of studies into women's employment in television, there are certain points of comparison with women's experience at the BBC and in networked ITV current affairs programmes. However, while the historical contours of television production are broadly comparable, there are clear distinctions, such as the employment of a female newscaster, Pat Cox, between 1956 and 1965. Such distinctions also suggest that regional news teams were experimenting with the development of a vernacular television news style that requires further study.

Sexual Division in Parenting: A Normative Context That Hinders Co-Responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110380
Author(s):  
José María García-de-Diego ◽  
Livia García-Faroldi
Keyword(s):  
Child Rearing ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.

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