scholarly journals Household extension and employment among Asian immigrant women in the US

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehye Kang ◽  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Child Care Assistance ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Care Assistance

To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women's employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Further, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance – especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in each of these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.

scholarly journals Household Extension and Employment Among Asian Immigrant Women in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehye Kang ◽  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Child Care Assistance ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Care Assistance

To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women’s employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first-generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Furthermore, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance—especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults and employment, but only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.

Sexual Division in Parenting: A Normative Context That Hinders Co-Responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110380
Author(s):  
José María García-de-Diego ◽  
Livia García-Faroldi
Keyword(s):  
Child Rearing ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.

A new perspective on women’s care burden and employment in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Çisel Ekiz Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Household Members

Abstract Women’s intra-household care burden is one of the main reasons behind women’s low employment rates in Turkey. Many empirical studies have tested this relationship by focusing on the existence of dependent household members, if any. They have largely overlooked the use of care services and the time spent on caring for dependent household members to evaluate women’s care burden. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between women’s care burden and employment prospects and status in Turkey from the perspective of access to care services and the time dimension of the care burden. This relationship is analyzed through the logit model by using latest available data from the 2014–2015 Time Use Survey. The article shows that the time spent by women caring for dependent household members, and access to care services, are the most important factors influencing women’s employment probability in Turkey. Benefiting from informal childcare services increases the employment probability of women approximately twenty-seven times, while benefiting from formal childcare services increases two times and informal adult-care services 2.6 times. Ensuring the accessibility of institutional care services improves women’s employment status by enabling women’s transition from part-time to full-time jobs, and from unskilled to professional jobs.

The impact of exporting on women's employment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Begum Dikilitas ◽  
Burcu Fazlioglu ◽  
Basak Dalgic
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of exports on women's employment rate for Turkish manufacturing firms over a recent period of 2003–2015.Design/methodology/approachThe authors establish treatment models and use propensity score matching (PSM) techniques together with difference-in-difference methodology.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that starting to export increases women’s employment rate for manufacturing firms. Gains in female employment rates are observed for the firms operating in low and medium low technology intensive sectors, low-wage sectors as well as laborlabor-intensive goods exporting sectors.Originality/valueThe authors complement previous literature by utilizing a rich harmonized firm-level dataset that covers a large number of firms and a recent time period. The authors distinguish between several sub-samples of firms according to technology intensity of the sector in which they operate, wage level and factor intensity of exports and investigate whether or not women gain from trade in terms of employment opportunities.

First-generation circular migrants involved in the upbringing of their grandchildren: the case of Turkish immigrants in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Tezcan
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Intergenerational Conflict ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Arranged Marriages ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Child Care Assistance ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Purposive Sample

AbstractFollowing retirement, older immigrants increasingly tend to engage in circular migration. This back-and-forth movement introduces a variety of challenges affecting the nature of grandparenthood as well as grandparental involvement in the upbringing of grandchildren. For circular migrant grandparents, maintaining intergenerational relationships requires them to overcome not only geographic distances, but also linguistic and cultural differences. In families with circular migrant grandparents, intergenerational conflict often springs from disparate generational exposure to acculturation processes, producing divergent aspirations within the first and second generations regarding the upbringing of the third generation. This study explores how first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents attempt to raise grandchildren who reside in Germany by implementing ‘cultural and instrumental transfers’. This study undertakes a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents (N = 40). The analysis finds that child-care assistance is characterised by intergenerational conflict – rather than solidarity or altruistic support – between the first and second generations. Moreover, through transnational arranged marriages, as a cultural transfer, and inter vivos gifts, as an instrumental transfer, grandparents encourage their grandchildren to return to Turkey permanently.

scholarly journals Trends in Women’s Employment and Poverty Rates in OECD Countries: A Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rense Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Wim Van Lancker ◽  
Diego Collado ◽  
Bea Cantillon
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Very High ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Although employment growth is propagated as being crucial to reduce poverty across EU and OECD countries, the actual impact of employment growth on poverty rates is still unclear. This study presents novel estimates of the association between macro-level trends in women’s employment and trends in poverty, across 15 OECD countries from 1971 to 2013. It does so based on over 2 million household-level observations from the LIS Database, using Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca (KBO) decompositions. The results indicate that an increase of 10% points in women’s employment rate was associated with a reduction of about 1% point of poverty across these countries. In part, this reduction compensated for developments in men’s employment that were associated with higher poverty. However, in the Nordic countries no such poverty association was found, as in these countries women’s employment rates were very high and stable throughout the observation period. In countries that initially showed marked increases in women’s employment, such as the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Canada, and the United States, the initial increases in women’s employment rates were typically followed by a period in which these trends levelled off. Hence, our findings first and foremost suggest that improving gender equality in employment is associated with lower poverty risks. Yet, the results also suggest that the potential of following an employment strategy to (further) reduce poverty in OECD countries has, to a large extent, been depleted.

Economic Exchange or Gender Identities? Housework Division and Wives’ Economic Dependency in Different Contexts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Amit Lazarus ◽  
Maayan Shaby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper explores cross-country variation in the relationship between division of housework and wives’ relative economic contribution. Using ISSP 2012 data from 19 countries, we examined the effect of two contextual factors: women’s employment rates, which we link to economic exchange theories; and gender ideology context, which we link to cultural theories. In line with economic-based theories, economic exchange between housework and paid work occurs in all countries—but only in households which follow normative gender roles. However, and consistent with the cultural-based theory of ‘doing gender’, wives undertake more housework than their spouses in all countries—even if they are the main or sole breadwinners. This universal gendered division of housework is significantly more salient in more conservative countries; as the context turns more conservative, the gender gap becomes more pronounced, and the relationship between paid and unpaid work further removed from the economic logic. In gender egalitarian societies, in contrast, women have more power in negotiating housework responsibilities in non-normative gender role households. In contrast to gender ideology, the cross-country variations in women’s employment did not follow the expectations that derive from the economic exchange theory.

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