scholarly journals Moderators of Workplace Aggression: The Influences of Social Support and Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Brown ◽  
Jennifer (M.I.) Loh ◽  
Nigel V. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Administrative Employees ◽  
And Training

Reception and administrative employees may be particularly vulnerable to patient aggression in mental health services. This study examined whether satisfaction with social support and primary aggression training moderated the effects of perceived aggression on psychological distress and somatic symptoms in a sample of 101 employees. The biophysical model of threat and challenge, the stressor-stress-strain model, and the stress-buffering hypothesis served as theoretical frameworks. Results showed perceived aggression correlated positively with psychological distress, but not with somatic symptoms. Significant interactions were found for social support (buffering effect) and training (interaction effect) for somatic symptoms, but not for psychological distress. It is suggested that, for somatic symptoms, the moderation effects of social support and training on perceived aggression involve similar mechanisms (increased knowledge, self-esteem, perceived control, coping capacity). These findings provide support for the benefits of staff training and the incorporation of knowledge-based components in training programs.

scholarly journals Cultural Distance, Acculturative Stress, Functional Social Support, and Psychological Adaptation of International Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Ladum ◽  
Gary J. Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
International Students ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Unmet Expectations

This study examined how cultural distance, acculturative stress, and social support interacted to influence emotional responses among international students studying in the northern part of Cyprus. Acculturation models and the stress-buffering hypothesis served as theoretical frameworks. The research questions involved understanding whether international students experienced more negative emotional responses compared to students from the home culture and whether social support moderated acculturative stress and reactions to being in the northern part of Cyprus. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined differences in emotional reactions between home and international students while hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the moderation hypotheses. ANOVA results indicated that Turkish-Cypriots had more positive emotional responses than international students to being in the host culture. Results did not support social support as a moderator for either international students’ acculturative stress or their emotional reactions. However, results suggested that unmet expectations, less financial satisfaction, and less social support predicted acculturative stress, while being in a relationship, higher Turkish proficiency, unmet expectations, and higher acculturative stress predicted more negative emotional responses. These results may help universities design programs to support psychological adaptation among international students, which could ultimately facilitate student retention.

Social Support Moderates the Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Psychological Distress Among Israeli Nurses

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412094559
Author(s):  
Maya Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Distress Scale

Based on the stress-buffering model, the current study sought to examine the moderating role of perceived social support in the association between death anxiety and psychological distress among nurses. Select variables found in previous studies to correlate with psychological distress served in the current study as covariates to control for their relationship with psychological distress among nurses. These include gender, years of professional experience, self-rated health, self-efficacy, and self-defined burnout. Structured questionnaires were administered to a sample of 795 professionally active nurses in Israel. Psychological distress was assessed by the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), death anxiety was assessed by a single item scale designed by Abdel-Khalek, and perceived social support was assessed by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The research findings show that higher levels of death anxiety were associated with higher levels of psychological distress only among nurses with lower levels of perceived social support. The study indicates that in order to reduce the level of distress experienced by nurses it is important to take action to reduce their death anxiety and enhance their social support mechanisms.

Stress-buffering versus support erosion: Comparison of causal models of the relationship between social support and psychological distress in military spouses.

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Ross ◽  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Benjamin O. Emmert-Aronson ◽  
Timothy A. Brown ◽  
Jordana Muroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
Military Spouses ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Meaning and Process of Pain Acceptance. Perceptions of Women Living with Arthritis and Fibromyalgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L LaChapelle ◽  
Susan Lavoie ◽  
Ainsley Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Pain Acceptance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Components

BACKGROUND: Within the past 10 years, cognitive-behavioural pain management models have moved beyond the traditional focus on coping strategies and perceived control over pain, to incorporate mindfulness-and acceptance-based approaches. Pain acceptance is the process of giving up the struggle with pain and learning to live life despite pain. Acceptance is associated with lower levels of pain, disability and psychological distress. Relatively little is known, however, about how patients arrive at a state of acceptance without the aid of therapy.OBJECTIVES: To explore personal definitions of acceptance and the factors that facilitate or hinder acceptance.METHODS: Eleven focus groups, involving a total of 45 women with arthritis and fibromyalgia, were conducted.RESULTS: The qualitative analysis revealed that, while the women rejected the word ‘acceptance’, they did agree with the main components of existing research definitions. The women’s responses revealed that acceptance was a process of realizations and acknowledgements, including realizing that the pain was not normal and help was needed, receiving a diagnosis, acknowledging that there was no cure and realizing that they needed to redefine ‘normal’. Diagnosis, social support, educating self and others, and self-care were factors that promoted acceptance. Struggling to retain a prepain identity, negative impacts on relationships, others not accepting their pain and the unspoken message that the pain was ‘all in their head’ were barriers to acceptance.CONCLUSION: The implications of these findings, distinctions between the diagnostic groups and recommendations regarding how health professionals can facilitate the process of acceptance are discussed.

The Effect of Cyberbullying on Young People’s Wellbeing and Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of the Social Environment. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sutton ◽  
Debra J Rickwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is a relatively recent phenomenon, whose growth parallels that of modern communication technology. Research in this area has found that young people are highly vulnerable to experiencing cyberbullying and methods of reducing the negative impacts need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE In this study, the stress-buffering model has been applied, and it is predicted that social support and loneliness, two proximal elements of a young person’s social environment, will moderate the effects of cyberbullying on young people’s wellbeing and psychological distress. METHODS A computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) was administered to a nationally representative community sample of 4065 Australian young people aged 12 to 25 years. Measures included in this survey captured young people’s attitudes and experiences pertaining to their wellbeing, psychological distress, degree of social support, loneliness and exposure to cyberbullying. RESULTS Findings revealed that in this sample, cyberbullying prevalence is high, with 51% experiencing lifetime prevalence and 11% in the past month. Results from a series of ANOVAs indicated significant, but negligible, age and gender differences for cyberbullying, wellbeing, and psychological distress. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the social environment did not moderate the relationship between cyberbullying and wellbeing and distress. CONCLUSIONS The significant but negligible nature of these findings highlights the necessity for further research in this field, focusing specifically on examining other aspects of the social environment which may buffer this relationship.

Social support, social pressures and psychological distress during unemployment

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ullah ◽  
Michael Banks ◽  
Peter Warr
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Perceived Pressure ◽  
Employment Commitment

SynopsisA sample of 1150 unemployed 17 year-olds, containing blacks and whites, males and females, was obtained from 11 urban regions in England. Social support was measured in respect of five different forms of help from others. Measures were also obtained of psychological distress, perceived pressure from others to obtain a job, employment commitment, contact with other young people, and contact with other unemployed young people. Two forms of social support (having someone to turn to for help with money, and having someone to suggest interesting things to do) were significantly associated with measures of distress, as were perceived pressure to obtain a job and employment commitment, but not contact with other unemployed young people. The association between distress and having someone to turn to for help with money was greater for those perceiving pressure from others to obtain a job than those not perceiving pressure. Also, the association between distress and having someone to turn to when feeling low was greater for those with a high employment commitment than for those with a low one. Other associations between support and distress were found to be affected by sex and ethnic differences in the sample. The results are discussed in the light of a stress-buffering model of social support; and the need to disaggregate social support into its component parts is emphasized.

Relationships among Social Support, Perceived Control, and Psychological Distress in Late Life

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Nemeroff ◽  
Elizabeth Midlarsky ◽  
Joseph F. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Late Life

Somatization among older primary care attenders

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SHEEHAN ◽  
C. BASS ◽  
R. BRIGGS ◽  
R. JACOBY
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Frequent Attenders ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Poor Social Support

Background. The importance of somatization among older primary care attenders is unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence, persistence and associations of somatization among older primary care attenders, and the associations of frequent attendance.Method. One hundred and forty primary care attenders over 65 years were rated twice, 10 months apart, on measures of somatization, psychiatric status, physical health and attendance.Results. The syndrome of GMS hypochondriacal neurosis had a prevalence of 5% but was transient. Somatized symptoms and attributions were persistent and associated with depression, physical illness and perceived poor social support. Frequent attenders (top third) had higher rates of depression, physical illness and somatic symptoms, and lower perceived support.Conclusion. Somatization is common among older primary care attenders and has similar correlates to younger primary care somatizers. Psychological distress among older primary care attenders is associated with frequent attendance. Improved recognition should result in benefits to patients and services.

Interpersonal Stress and Poor Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette M. Aanes ◽  
Maurice B. Mittelmark ◽  
Jørn Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated whether the lack of social connectedness, as measured by the subjective feeling of loneliness, mediates the well-known relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Furthermore, a relationship between interpersonal stress and somatic symptoms was hypothesized. The study sample included 3,268 women and 3,220 men in Western Norway. The main findings were that interpersonal stress was significantly related to psychological distress as well as to somatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly via paths mediated by loneliness. The size of the indirect effects varied, suggesting that the importance of loneliness as a possible mediator differs for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms. In the case of depressive symptoms, more than 75% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness, while in the case of somatic symptoms just over 40% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness. This study supports the hypotheses that social connectedness mediates a relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. The study also provides the first link between interpersonal stress, as measured by the Bergen Social Relationships Scale, and somatic symptoms, extending earlier research on the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress.

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