scholarly journals Metallicity-Dependent Transformations for Red Giants with Synthetic Colours of UBV and ugr

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karaali ◽  
E. Yaz Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

AbstractWe present metallicity-dependent transformation equations between UBV and SDSS ugr colours for red giants with synthetic data. The ranges of the colours used for the transformations are 0.400 ≤ (B − V)0 ≤ 1.460, −0.085 ≤ (U − B)0 ≤ 1.868, 0.291 ≤ (g − r)0 ≤ 1.326, and 1.030 ≤ (u − g)0 ≤ 3.316 mag, and cover almost all the observational colours of red giants. We applied the transformation equations to six clusters with different metallicities and compared the resulting (u − g)0 colours with those estimated by the calibration of the fiducial sequences of the clusters. The mean and standard deviation of the residuals for all clusters are <Δ(u − g)0> = −0.01 and σ(u − g)0 = 0.07 mag, respectively. We showed that interstellar reddening plays an important role on the derived colours. The transformations can be applied to clusters as well as to field stars. They can be used to extend the colour range of the red giants in the clusters which are restricted due to the saturation of the SDSS data.

Higher Order Perturbation Analysis of Stochastic Thermal Systems With Correlated Uncertain Properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Perturbation Methods ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Perturbation ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Correlated Parameters

How the behavior of thermal systems depends on uncertainties in properties and boundary conditions is an important aspect of simulation. This dependence is usually judged by the statistics of the response, i.e., the mean response and its standard deviation which are often determined by perturbation methods, ranging from 1st to 3rd order. The aim of this paper is to be a tutorial for those interested in estimating uncertainties by summarizing the author’s experience in using higher order perturbation analysis for thermal problems, detailing the underlying assumptions, and presenting several examples. Problems involving correlated parameters, which occur in almost all thermal experiments, are also treated. It is shown that the scale of correlation has a strong effect upon the statistics of the response and that such correlation should not be ignored. It is recommended that the 1st order estimates of the standard deviation and 2nd order estimates of the mean response be used when characterizing thermal systems with random variables, regardless of the degree of correlation.

scholarly journals Carbon Cycle Uncertainty in REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2889-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Enting ◽  
P. J. Rayner ◽  
P. Ciais
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Full Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Characterisation of estimates of regional carbon budgets and processes is inherently a statistical task. In full form this means that almost all quantities used or produced are realizations or instances of probability distributions. We usually compress the description of these distributions by using some kind of location parameter (e.g. the mean) and some measure of spread or uncertainty (e.g. the standard deviation). Characterising and calculating these uncertainties, and their structure in space and time, is as important as the location parameter, but uncertainties are both hard to calculate and hard to interpret. In this paper we describe the various classes of uncertainty that arise in a process like RECCAP and describe how they interact in formal estimation procedures. We also point out the impact these uncertainties will have on the various RECCAP synthesis activities.

scholarly journals Absolute-Magnitude Calibration for Red Giants Based on Colour–Magnitude Diagrams of Galactic Clusters: I. Calibration in V and B–V

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karaali ◽  
S. Bilir ◽  
E. Yaz Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Galactic Clusters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractWe present an absolute-magnitude calibration for red giants using the colour–magnitude diagrams of six Galactic clusters with different metallicities: M92, M13, M5, 47 Tuc, M67 and NGC 6791. The combination of the absolute magnitude offset from the fiducial of giant sequence of the cluster M5 with the corresponding metallicity offset provides a calibration estimation for the absolute magnitude of red giants for a given (B – V)0 colour. The calibration is defined in the colour interval 0.75 ≤ (B – V)0 ≤ 1.50 mag and it covers the metal licity interval −2.15 > [Fe/H]≤+0.37 dex. 91% of the absolute magnitude residuals obtained by the application of the procedure to another set of Galactic clusters lie in the interval −0.40 < ΔM≤+0.40 mag. The mean and the standard deviation of the residuals are 0.05 and 0.19 mag, respectively. We fitted the absolute magnitude also to metallicity and age for a limited sub-sample of (B – V)0 colour, just to test the effect of age in absolute-magnitude calibration. Comparison of the mean and the standard deviation of the residuals evaluated by this procedure with the corresponding ones provided by the procedure where the absolute magnitude fitted to a third degree polynomial of metallicity show that the age parameter may be omitted in absolute magnitude estimation of red giants. The derived relations are applicable to stars older than 4 Gyr, the age of the youngest calibrating cluster.

scholarly journals RECCAP uncertainty

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1829-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Enting ◽  
P. J. Rayner ◽  
P. Ciais
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Estimation Procedures ◽  
Full Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Characterisation of regional carbon budgets and processes (the overall task addressed in this series of articles) is inherently a statistical task. In full form this means that almost all quantities used or produced are realizations or instances of probability distributions. We usually compress the description of these distributions by using some kind of location parameter (e.g. the mean) and some measure of spread or uncertainty (e.g. the standard deviation). Characterising and calculating these uncertainties, and their structure in space and time, is as important as the location parameter but uncertainties are both harder to calculate and harder to interpret. In this paper we describe the various classes of uncertainty that arise in a process like RECCAP and describe how they interact in formal estimation procedures. We also point out the impact these uncertainties will have on the various RECCAP synthesis activities.

scholarly journals Absolute Magnitude Calibration for Giants Based on the Colour–Magnitude Diagrams of Galactic Clusters. II. Calibration with SDSS

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karaali ◽  
S. Bilir ◽  
E. Yaz Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Galactic Clusters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Red Giant ◽  
Absolute Magnitudes

AbstractWe present an absolute magnitude calibration for red giants with the colour–magnitude diagrams of six Galactic clusters with different metallicities, i.e. M92, M13, M3, M71, NGC 6791, and NGC 2158. The combination of the absolute magnitudes of the red giant sequences with the corresponding metallicities provides calibration for absolute magnitude estimation for red giants for a given (g − r)0 colour. The calibration is defined in the colour interval 0.45 ≤ (g − r)0 ≤ 1.30 mag and it covers the metallicity interval −2.15≤[Fe/H]≤ +0.37 dex. The absolute magnitude residuals obtained by the application of the procedure to another set of Galactic clusters lie in the interval −0.28 < ΔM ≤ +0.43 mag. However, the range of 94% of the residuals is shorter, −0.1 < ΔM ≤ +0.4 mag. The mean and the standard deviation of (all) residuals are 0.169 and 0.140 mag, respectively. The derived relations are applicable to stars older than 2 Gyr, the age of the youngest calibrating cluster.

At Least One Standard Deviation Above the Mean

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
M. DAVID MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean

The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Murphy ◽  
M. E Francis ◽  
J. F Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normally Distributed

SummaryThe characteristics of experimental error in measurement of platelet radioactivity have been explored by blind replicate determinations on specimens taken on several days on each of three Walker hounds.Analysis suggests that it is not unreasonable to suppose that error for each sample is normally distributed ; and while there is evidence that the variance is heterogeneous, no systematic relationship has been discovered between the mean and the standard deviation of the determinations on individual samples. Thus, since it would be impracticable for investigators to do replicate determinations as a routine, no improvement over simple unweighted least squares estimation on untransformed data suggests itself.

Evaluation of Low-Dose Gentamicin Once Daily Dosing Regimen at A General Hospital in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ab Rahman A F ◽  
Md Sahak N. ◽  
Ali A. M.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Almost All

Objective: Once daily dosing (ODD) aminoglycoside is gaining wide acceptance as an alternative way of dosing. In our setting it is the regimen of choice whenever gentamicin is indicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of gentamicin ODD in a public hospital in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients on gentamicin ODD who were admitted to Hospital Melaka during January 2002 until March 2010. All adult patients who were on ODD gentamicin with various level of renal function were included in the study. Patients on gentamicin less than 72 hours and pregnant women were excluded. Results: From 110 patients, 75 (68.2%) were male and 35 (31.8%) were female. Indications for ODD gentamicin included pneumonia, 34 (31.0%) neutropenic sepsis, 27 (24.5%) and sepsis, 11 (10.0%). The mean dose and duration of gentamicin was 3.2 mg/kg/day and 7 days, respectively. Almost all patients were on gentamicin combined with other antibiotics. Clinical cure based on fever resolution was found in 89.1% of patients treated with ODD. Resolution of fever took an average of 48 hours after initiation of therapy. The evaluation for bacteriologic cure could not be performed because of insufficient data on culture and sensitivity. Out of 38 patients with analyzable serum creatinine data, four patients might have developed nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our setting, lower dosages of ODD gentamicin when used in combination with other antibiotics seemed to be effective and safe in treating most gram negative infections.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

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