scholarly journals ENGAGING END USERS IN AN AI-ENABLED SMART SERVICE DESIGN - THE APPLICATION OF THE SMART SERVICE BLUEPRINT SCAPE (SSBS) FRAMEWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1363-1372
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Yuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
End Users ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Mobility Service ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Smart Service ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Diverse Context ◽  
Service Blueprint

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has expanded in a diverse context, it infiltrates our social lives and is a critical part of algorithmic decision-making. Adopting AI technology, especially AI-enabled design, by end users who are non-AI experts is still limited. The incomprehensible, untransparent decision-making and difficulty of using AI become obstacles which prevent these end users to adopt AI technology. How to design the user experience (UX) based on AI technologies is an interesting topic to explore.This paper investigates how non-AI-expert end users can be engaged in the design process of an AI-enabled application by using a framework called Smart Service Blueprint Scape (SSBS), which aims to establish a bridge between UX and AI systems by mapping and translating AI decisions based on UX. A Dutch mobility service called ‘stUmobiel ’ was taken as a design case study. The goal is to design a reservation platform with stUmobiel end users. Co-creating with case users and assuring them to understand the decision-making and service provisional process of the AI-enabled design is crucial to promote users’ adoption. Furthermore, the concern of AI ethics also arises in the design process and should be discussed in a broader sense.

scholarly journals LHF Connect: a DIY telepresence robot against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-431
Author(s):  
Maria Rosanna Fossati ◽  
Manuel Giuseppe Catalano ◽  
Marina Carbone ◽  
Gianluca Lentini ◽  
Danilo Caporale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
End Users ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Related Product ◽  
Telepresence Robot ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Service Blueprint

This contribution describes a case study of a “do-it-yourself” (DIY) opensource service and related product to help combating the COVID-19 emergency. It illustrates the birth of LHF Connect, a project designed to facilitate communication between patients isolated in COVID-19 hospitals’ ward and their relatives. LHF Connect is a teleoperated robot that can move in autonomy around the hospital. A User Centered Design approach, methods and specific tools helped in managing crucial steps of the design process such as i) the collection of needs coming from the context, stakeholders and end-users; ii) defining the service blueprint; iii) imagining finishing concepts; and iv) managing the communication activities. The initiative has been promoted by a multidisciplinary team of researchers (mainly roboticists with the help of specific competences coming from Design discipline).

Estimating the Optimal Number of Alternatives to Be Explored in Large Design Spaces: A Step Towards Incorporating Decision Making Cost in Design Decision Models

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Changxin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Optimal Evaluation

Exploration of design spaces is an important step in decision-based design. In consumer product development, precise design specifications are not known at the beginning of the design process. It is usually design team’s responsibility to find out the specifications as a part of the design process. This results in large design spaces in consumer product development. Furthermore, market window is usually limited. Thus, it is impractical to examine all possible design alternatives. As part of the design process, design teams need to determine how many alternatives to examine and how much evaluation time should be devoted to examining each alternative. This paper presents a model for estimating the optimal number of alternatives to be explored and the optimal evaluation time for each alternative by incorporating cost of decision-making in the overall design decision model. We also describe a design case study and investigate how characteristics of design task parameters influence the optimal number of alternatives and the optimal evaluation time. Our results indicate that it is difficult to intuitively identify the optimal values of the number of alternatives and the evaluation time for even very simple design tasks. We describe the practical issues that need to be addressed to make these decisions and discuss how the model proposed in this paper can be extended to handle more general cases of design tasks.

Planning of sport and recreational facilities informed by interdisciplinary knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Hjort ◽  
W. Mike Martin ◽  
Jens Troelsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
End Users ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Sport And Recreation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a design strategy that investigates the systematic use of interdisciplinary knowledge through a transparent decision-making process. The study identifies relevant design parameters that should be considered in the development of this design strategy. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data were collected through observations of the design process of two new sport facilities, meetings with sport, well-being and aging experts and through semi-structured interviews with end-users. The development of the proposed design strategy is based on a methodology with elements from “Knowledge to Action (KTA),” “Action research” and a “List of value concepts.” The rigid timetable guaranteed systematic progress, where both knowledge from the end-users and experts were incorporated throughout the decision-making process. Findings The two case studies documented results involving end-users and experts in a systematic way. In conclusion, it was apparent that the use of interdisciplinary collaboration informed the design outcome. Practical implications Based on the two cases, the following advice can be given to the architectural profession: architects should use the KTA model or similar in order to target the search for relevant interdisciplinary knowledge and ensure that relevant evidence is involved in the design process of upcoming projects regarding sport and recreation. Architects should make the design process transparent so that one can see which design decisions have been made through the design process. This must be done to ensure that there is greater coherence between vision and practice. Originality/value The study showed how architects could import knowledge, skills and values from other disciplines such as environmental psychology and active living research to improve the decision-making process of future sport and recreation projects. It was also clear that this design decision process could be made more transparent in the effort to allow the various stakeholders to take ownership of the resulting design outcomes.

scholarly journals PARE0031 AN MHEALTH TOOL FOR SHARED DECISION MAKING FOR PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1301.1-1302
Author(s):  
Y. Koumpouros ◽  
A. Pappa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health System ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
The United States ◽  
End Users ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Evaluation Phase

Background:Patient empowerment is a key element of patient-centred healthcare according to WHO. In the same direction, the Institute of Medicine in the United States supports actions to engage patients in their health care decision in a new patient-centered care model. Patient-centred care models have demonstrated better quality of care as well as potential long-term cost-efficiencies. However, nowadays, many patients are still struggling to become equal partners in care. Patients with chronic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are often referred to as the most under-used resource in the health system. Shared decision making is a collaborative process enabling a clinician and patient to participate jointly in making a health decision about the treatment having discussed the options, benefits and harms, while considering also the patient’s values and experiences.Objectives:The objective of the current research was to design a tool that will facilitate the shared decision making regarding the treatment approach, based on real life evidences from the patient. The focus of the application is on the pain assessment of patients suffering from rheumatism and arthritis. The proposed solution utilizes the latest technological innovations to support patients and clinicians on their decisions and assessment strategy on a more accurate base.Methods:The design process followed a user-centered approach by involving a multidisciplinary team of experts (an mHealth expert, a behavioural scientist, and two physicians). An iterative design process focused on the different end-users (patients and clinicians) and their actual needs on the topic concerned. In each phase, the experts involved the end-users to create a highly usable tool. The aim was to capture and address the whole user experience. An evaluation phase took place for three months.Results:The design team brought the users into every stage of the design process. Twenty patients and three physicians (one pathologist, one general surgeon and an expert in pharmacology and clinical pharmacology) participated and evaluated the modules implemented. The final solution consists of an application running on Android operating system in any smart phone. The final application supports the patient to enter all necessary information about: (i) the pain he/she is feeling, (ii) the medication he/she is receiving, and (iii) his/her life style.Conclusion:After a three months period of continuous use of the application from the participants during the evaluation phase, they reported very encouraging results. In terms of usage, the patients found it user friendly, easy to learn, easy to use, and easily accessible. They also consider it really useful in order to keep track of their progress and assess the treatment and medications they receive relevant to the pain they feel. The physicians involved in the evaluation of the application found it very useful and with significant potential for daily use by clinical staff to evaluate the therapies given to their patients. All users concluded that the developed app can help towards a more accurate and acceptable treatment based on shared decision, exploiting the collected evidences.References:[1]Angelmar R, Bermann BP. Patient empowerment and efficient health outcomes. Financing sustainable healthcare in Europe. 2007:139–162.[2]Hargraves IG, Montori VM, Brito JP, et al. Purposeful SDM: A problem-based approach to caring for patients with shared decision making. Patient Education and Counseling. 102(10), 2019, p. 1786-1792.[3]Légaré F, Stacey D, Brière N, et al. Healthcare providers’ intentions to engage in an interprofessional approach to shared decision-making in home care programs: a mixed methods study.J Interprof Care2013; 27: 214-222[4]McWilliams DF, Walsh DA. Pain mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 Sep-Oct;35 Suppl 107(5):94-101.[5]National Research Council. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2001.[6]Hoffmann TC, Légaré F, Simmons MB, et al. Shared decision making: what do clinicians need to know and why should they bother? Med J Aust 2014; 201 (1): 35-39.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Design space exploration for flexibility assessment and decision making support in integrated industrial building design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Reisinger ◽  
Maximilian Knoll ◽  
Iva Kovacic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Industrial Buildings

AbstractIndustrial buildings play a major role in sustainable development, producing and expending a significant amount of resources, energy and waste. Due to product individualization and accelerating technological advances in manufacturing, industrial buildings strive for highly flexible building structures to accommodate constantly evolving production processes. However, common sustainability assessment tools do not respect flexibility metrics and manufacturing and building design processes run sequentially, neglecting discipline-specific interaction, leading to inflexible solutions. In integrated industrial building design (IIBD), incorporating manufacturing and building disciplines simultaneously, design teams are faced with the choice of multiple conflicting criteria and complex design decisions, opening up a huge design space. To address these issues, this paper presents a parametric design process for efficient design space exploration in IIBD. A state-of-the-art survey and multiple case study are conducted to define four novel flexibility metrics and to develop a unified design space, respecting both building and manufacturing requirements. Based on these results, a parametric design process for automated structural optimization and quantitative flexibility assessment is developed, guiding the decision-making process towards increased sustainability. The proposed framework is tested on a pilot-project of a food and hygiene production, evaluating the design space representation and validating the flexibility metrics. Results confirmed the efficiency of the process that an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm can be implemented in future research to enable multidisciplinary design optimization for flexible industrial building solutions.

scholarly journals Integrating Value Considerations in the Decision Making for the Design of Biorefineries

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2927-2955
Author(s):  
Mar Palmeros Parada ◽  
Lotte Asveld ◽  
Patricia Osseweijer ◽  
John Alexander Posada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Biobased Production

AbstractBiobased production has been promoted as a sustainable alternative to fossil resources. However, controversies over its impact on sustainability highlight societal concerns, value tensions and uncertainties that have not been taken into account during its development. In this work, the consideration of stakeholders’ values in a biorefinery design project is investigated. Value sensitive design (VSD) is a promising approach to the design of technologies with consideration of stakeholders’ values, however, it is not directly applicable for complex systems like biorefineries. Therefore, some elements of VSD, such as the identification of relevant values and their connection to a technology’s features, are brought into biorefinery design practice. Midstream modulation (MM), an approach to promoting the consideration of societal aspects during research and development activities, is applied to promote reflection and value considerations during the design decision making. As result, it is shown that MM interventions during the design process led to new design alternatives in support of stakeholders' values, and allowed to recognize and respond to emerging value tensions within the scope of the project. In this way, the present work shows a novel approach for the technical investigation of VSD, especially for biorefineries. Also, based on this work it is argued that not only reflection, but also flexibility and openness are important for the application of VSD in the context of biorefinery design.

An Advisory Conceptual Design Tool for Mechanical Transmission Systems

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Huang ◽  
F. W. Liou ◽  
J. J. Malyamakkil ◽  
W. F. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Packaging Machine

Abstract This paper presents an advisory conceptual design tool for mechanical transmission systems. Space consideration was taken into account during the design process. A prototype function tree was built in the form of knowledge-based system to transfer a designer’s idea into a set of mechanical components. An advisory expert system was also developed to help a designer in decision making. As an example, a packaging machine is designed using the developed system.

Toward a Reasoning Framework of Design As Synthesis

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Yoshioka ◽  
Tetsuo Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Hypothetical Reasoning ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Design Process Modeling ◽  
Do So

Abstract Most of the previous research efforts for design process modeling had such assumptions as “design as problem solving,” “design as decision making,” and “design by analysis,” and did not explicitly address “design as synthesis.” These views lack notion and understanding about synthesis. Compared with analysis, synthesis is less understood and clarified. This paper discusses our fundamental view on synthesis and approach toward a reasoning framework of design as synthesis. To do so, we observe the designer’s activity and formalize knowledge operations in design processes. From the observation, we propose a hypothetical reasoning framework of design based on multiple model-based reasoning. We discuss the implementation strategy for the framework.

scholarly journals Single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive aggregation operators with applications for material selection in engineering design: case study of cryogenic storage tank

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid ◽  
Muhammad Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Smooth Approximation ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Cryogenic Storage ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Einstein Operations

AbstractSingle-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and their application to material selection in engineering design. Liquid hydrogen is a feasible ingredient for energy storage in a lightweight application due to its high gravimetric power density. Material selection is an essential component in engineering since it meets all of the functional criteria of the object. Materials selection is a time-consuming as well as a critical phase in the design process. Inadequate material(s) selection can have a detrimental impact on a manufacturer’s production, profitability, and credibility. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important tool in the engineering design process that deals with complexities in material selection. However, the existing MCDM techniques often produce conflicting results. To address such problems, an innovative aggregation technique is proposed for material selection in engineering design based on truthness, indeterminacy, and falsity indexes of SVNSs. Taking advantage of SVNSs and smooth approximation with interactive Einstein operations, single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive weighted averaging and geometric operators are proposed. Based on proposed AOs, a robust MCDM approach is proposed for material selection in engineering design. A practical application of the proposed MCDM approach for material selection of cryogenic storage containers is developed. Additionally, the authenticity analysis and comparison analysis are designed to discuss the validity and rationality of the optimal decision.

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