scholarly journals IDENTIFYING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE REPLICABILITY OF OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE DESIGNS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1817-1826
Author(s):  
Rafaella Antoniou ◽  
Romain Pinquié ◽  
Jean-François Boujut ◽  
Amer Ezoji ◽  
Elies Dekoninck
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Assembly Instructions ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Hardware Designs

AbstractOpen-source hardware (OSH) development is a new design paradigm from a commercial perspective. Openly sharing designs of technical products is a step towards democratising access to new technologies for the benefit of individuals and communities in society. At the core of the open-source hardware definition lies the freedom for anyone to replicate the hardware based on the design. Thus, enabling this freedom is a step towards developing a successful OSH. Previous research supposes that a bill of materials and assembly instructions are enough for this. In this study, we question this assumption and investigate what other factors may influence replicability of an OSH. Using data from a survey and interviews with OSH practitioners, we identify and describe these factors, which relate to the documentation, the design and the context of the person replicating the hardware. Using these insights, we present a diagram of the replication process along with questions the person replicating the hardware would ask to check whether an OSH is replicable. Finally, we synthesise this information into practical advice for OSH projects to increase the replicability of the designs they produce, and thus the likelihood of their project's success.

Open-source hardware designs for MRI of mice, rats, and marmosets: Integrated animal holders and radiofrequency coils

2019 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Gilbert ◽  
David J. Schaeffer ◽  
Joseph S. Gati ◽  
L. Martyn Klassen ◽  
Stefan Everling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Radiofrequency Coils ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Hardware Designs

scholarly journals A review of open source ventilators for COVID-19 and future pandemics

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Assembly Instructions ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Future Work

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to overwhelm our medical infrastructure at the regional level causing spikes in mortality rates because of shortages of critical equipment, like ventilators. Fortunately, with the recent development and widespread deployment of small-scale manufacturing technologies like RepRap-class 3-D printers and open source microcontrollers, mass distributed manufacturing of ventilators has the potential to overcome medical supply shortages. In this study, after providing a background on ventilators, the academic literature is reviewed to find the existing and already openly-published, vetted designs for ventilators systems. These articles are analyzed to determine if the designs are open source both in spirit (license) as well as practical details (e.g. possessing accessible design source files, bill of materials, assembly instructions, wiring diagrams, firmware and software as well as operation and calibration instructions). Next, the existing Internet and gray literature are reviewed for open source ventilator projects and designs. The results of this review found that the tested and peer-reviewed systems lacked complete documentation and the open systems that were documented were either at the very early stages of design (sometimes without even a prototype) and were essentially only basically tested (if at all). With the considerably larger motivation of an ongoing pandemic, it is assumed these projects will garner greater attention and resources to make significant progress to reach a functional and easily-replicated system. There is a large amount of future work needed to move open source ventilators up to the level considered scientific-grade equipment, and even further work needed to reach medical-grade hardware. Future work is needed to achieve the potential of this approach by developing policies, updating regulations, and securing funding mechanisms for the development and testing of open source ventilators for both the current COVID19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Why Open Source?: Exploring the Motivations of Using an Open Model for Hardware Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoxuan Li ◽  
Warren Seering ◽  
Joshua David Ramos ◽  
Maria Yang ◽  
David Robert Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Open Model ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Hardware Development ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
A Company

Following the successful adoption of the open source model in the software realm, open source is becoming a new design paradigm in hardware development. Open source models for tangible products are still in its infancy, and many studies are required to demonstrate its application to for-profit product development. It is an alluring question why entrepreneurs decide to use an open model to develop their products under risks and unknowns, such as infringement and community management. The goal of this paper is to investigate the motivations of entrepreneurs of open source hardware companies. The leaders and founders of twenty-three companies were interviewed to understand their motivation and experiences in creating a company based on open source hardware. Based on these interviews, we generated a hierarchical framework to explain these motivations, where each level of the framework has been defined, explained and illustrated with representative quotes. The motivations of open source action are framed by two categories in the paper: 1) Intrinsic Motivation, which describes the motivations of an entrepreneur as an individual, who needs personal satisfaction, enjoyment as well as altruism and reciprocity; 2) Extrinsic Motivation, which describes motivations of an entrepreneur whose identity is as a for-profit company leader.

scholarly journals PrintrLab incubator: A portable and low-cost CO2 incubator based on an open-source 3D printer architecture

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251812
Author(s):  
Arunkumar Arumugam ◽  
Cole Markham ◽  
Saurabh S. Aykar ◽  
Barbara Van Der Pol ◽  
Paula Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Software Application ◽  
G Code ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Controller Board ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Hardware Designs

Growth in open-source hardware designs combined with the decreasing cost of high-quality 3D printers have supported a resurgence of in-house custom lab equipment development. Herein, we describe a low-cost (< $400), open-source CO2 incubator. The system is comprised of a Raspberry Pi computer connected to a 3D printer controller board that has controls for a CO2 sensor, solenoid valve, heater, and thermistors. CO2 is supplied through the sublimation of dry ice stored inside a thermos to create a sustained 5% CO2 supply. The unit is controlled via G-Code commands sent by the Raspberry Pi to the controller board. In addition, we built a custom software application for remote control and used the open-source Grafana dashboard for remote monitoring. Our data show that we can maintain consistent CO2 and temperature levels for over three days without manual interruption. The results from our culture plates and real-time PCR indicate that our incubator performed equally well when compared to a much more expensive commercial CO2 incubator. We have also demonstrated that the antibiotic susceptibility assay can be performed in this low-cost CO2 incubator. Our work also indicates that the system can be connected to incubator chambers of various chamber volumes.

scholarly journals A review of open source ventilators for COVID-19 and future pandemics

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Assembly Instructions ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Future Work

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to overwhelm our medical infrastructure at the regional level causing spikes in mortality rates because of shortages of critical equipment, like ventilators. Fortunately, with the recent development and widespread deployment of small-scale manufacturing technologies like RepRap-class 3-D printers and open source microcontrollers, mass distributed manufacturing of ventilators has the potential to overcome medical supply shortages. In this study, after providing a background on ventilators, the academic literature is reviewed to find the existing and already openly-published, vetted designs for ventilators systems. These articles are analyzed to determine if the designs are open source both in spirit (license) as well as practical details (e.g. possessing accessible design source files, bill of materials, assembly instructions, wiring diagrams, firmware and software as well as operation and calibration instructions). Next, the existing Internet and gray literature are reviewed for open source ventilator projects and designs. The results of this review found that the tested and peer-reviewed systems lacked complete documentation and the open systems that were documented were either at the very early stages of design (sometimes without even a prototype) and were essentially only basically tested (if at all). With the considerably larger motivation of an ongoing pandemic, it is assumed these projects will garner greater attention and resources to make significant progress to reach a functional and easily-replicated system. There is a large amount of future work needed to move open source ventilators up to the level considered scientific-grade equipment, and even further work needed to reach medical-grade hardware. Future work is needed to achieve the potential of this approach by developing policies, updating regulations, and securing funding mechanisms for the development and testing of open source ventilators for both the current COVID19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Exploring Technical Quality Factors That Enhance Mobile Learning Applications Services Using Data Mining Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abu-Al-Aish
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Using Data

Mobile learning (m-learning) has become an increasingly attractive solution for schools and universities that utilize new technologies in their teaching and learning setting. This study investigates the technical factors affecting the development of m-learning applications services from students’ perspectives. It presents a model consisting of twelve technical factors, including content usefulness, scalability, security, functionality, accessibility, interface design, interactivity, reliability, availability, trust, responsiveness, and personalization. To evaluate the model, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to 151 students in Jerash University, Jordan. The results indicate that all technical factors have positive affects on learner satisfaction and overall m-learning applications services, however the data mining analysis revealed that security and scalability factors exert a major impact on student satisfaction with m-learning applications services. This study gives insight for the future of developing and design m-learning applications.

Using Data Mining Techniques with Open Source Software to Evaluate the Various Factors Affecting Academic Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Feras Hanandeh ◽  
Majdi Y. Al-Shannag ◽  
Maha Mahdi Alkhaffaf
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technology Students ◽  
Academic Records ◽  
Information Technology Students ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tools And Techniques

This research paper studies the different factors that could affect the Faculty of Information Technology students' accumulative averages at Jordanian Universities, by verifying the students' information, background and academic records. It also has the objective to reveal how this information will affect the students to obtain high grades in their courses. The information of the students is extracted from the students' records and its attributes are formulated as a huge database. Then, a free open source software (WEKA) which supports data mining tools and techniques are used to decide which attribute(s) will affect the students' accumulative averages. It was found that the most important factor affects the students' accumulative averages, is the student acceptance type. A decision tree model and rules are also built to determine how the students can get high grades in their courses. The overall accuracy of the model was 46.8% which is an accepted rate.

Success of Open Source in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Amrollahi ◽  
Mohammad Khansari ◽  
Amir Manian
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mixed Methodology ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

Open Source approach has been recognized as one of the best methods for software development in developing countries. Previous research however underemphasized different aspects of Open Source Software (OSS) success in context of developing countries compared to western context. In this research the authors use exploratory mixed methodology to study measures of and factors affecting OSS success with emphasize on the social and cultural context of Iran. In the qualitative section of the research 13 interviews with experts of the field have been conducted and the result is reflected in the research model. In the quantitative section, five research hypotheses have been evaluated by using data of 109 Iranian projects from sourceforge.net repository. The results indicate that the license type and use of project management tools may affect the success of OSS. The authors finally conclude that OSS research especially in the field of OSS success may lead to different findings in different contexts.

Success of Open Source in Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Amrollahi ◽  
Mohammad Khansari ◽  
Amir Manian
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

Open Source approach has been recognized as one of the best methods for software development in developing countries. Previous research however underemphasized different aspects of Open Source Software (OSS) success in context of developing countries compared to western context. In this research the authors use exploratory mixed methodology to study measures of and factors affecting OSS success with emphasize on the social and cultural context of Iran. In the qualitative section of the research 13 interviews with experts of the field have been conducted and the result is reflected in the research model. In the quantitative section, five research hypotheses have been evaluated by using data of 109 Iranian projects from sourceforge.net repository. The results indicate that the license type and use of project management tools may affect the success of OSS. The authors finally conclude that OSS research especially in the field of OSS success may lead to different findings in different contexts.

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