DATING OF REMAINS OF THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH SANTA MARIA DI CAMPOGROSSO IN SICILY IN THE LIGHT OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marek Krąpiec ◽  
Sławomir Moździoch ◽  
Ewa Moździoch
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Multidisciplinary Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Bone Remains

ABSTRACT Excavations of the remains of the medieval church of Santa Maria di Campogrosso (Sicily) were conducted by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences as part of scientific cooperation with Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali di Palermo. Based on the records of post-medieval historians, the construction of the church was placed in the second half of the 11th century, which contradicts the findings of architectural historians, who dated the building to the 13th-century and even later. As a result of archaeological excavations carried out in 2015–2018, it was possible to locate unknown fragments of the church’s structure and the remains of the cemetery adjacent to it. The 14C dating carried out for samples obtained from the walls of the existing building as well as from bone remains from the churchyard in combination with stratigraphic information from archaeological trenches and the chronology of coins indicates a high probability of the church construction in the second half of the 12th century and confirms the end of the monastery complex existence at the end of the 13th century.

scholarly journals Remarks on the Proportions and Dimensions Used in the Design of the Medieval Church of Zsámbék

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Krisztina Fehér ◽  
Balázs Halmos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Design Logic

Since the 19th century, the church of Zsámbék was continuously a focus of scholars' interest. The present paper intends to research the church ruins with a new aspect. Using an accurate terrestrial laser scan survey, the geometry of the plan is analysed in order to find proportions among the dimensions. The main goal of the study is to gather information about the design logic of the first masters of the 13th-century Premonstratensian abbey. In addition, our goal was to detect contributions to the 13th-century construction history of the church, that cannot be found in archives of graphic sources. The latest archaeological excavation achieved excellent results concerning several crucial historical points; however, the periodization of the church is still not entirely clarified. From the 19th century, different scholars have proposed various hypotheses about this topic, without consensus.

scholarly journals Problems in the study of the medieval heritage in the Lim valley

Starinar ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Marko Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Stone Block ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Church

Discussing the results of archaeological investigation at two important medieval sites - remains of the monastery of St George at Mazici near Priboj and of the church at Drenova near Prijepolje - the author puts forward his critical observations that make significant revisions to the conclusions suggested by excavators. The remains of a monastery at Mazici have long ago been identified with the monastery of St George in the zupa (district) of Dabar known from early 13th-century records. In the 1310s a monastery of St George is referred to in association with the toponym of Orahovica. After a long gap, the monastery is referred to again several times in the 1600s until its final destruction in 1743, as St George?s at Orahovica or simply Mazic(i). The report following systematic archaeological excavations suggests the unacceptable and unfounded conclusion, with dating and interpretation that the monastery church was built in the 13th century, received additions in the 14th, and was renovated in the 16th-17th centuries when there was a hospital attached to it. Careful analysis of the structural remains and the site?s stratigraphy clearly shows that the monastery was built on the site of a medieval cemetery of a 14th-15th-century date, which means that the church and its buildings cannot be older than the 16th century. The author also argues against the assumed presence of a monastic hospital, the assumption being based upon metal artifacts misinterpreted as "medical instruments" (parchment edge trimmer, compasses, fork!!!). The author?s inference is that the ruins at Mazici are not the remains of the monastery of St George, which should be searched for elsewhere, but possibly the legacy of a 14th-century monastic establishment which was moved there from an as yet unknown location most likely about the middle of the 16th century. The site at Drenova, with remains of a church destroyed by land slide, has been known since the late 19th century when a stone block was found there bearing the opening part of an inscription: "+ Te Criste auctore pontifex...", long believed to date from the 9th-10th century. Following the excavations, but based on this dating the church remains were interpreted as pre- Romanesque, and the interpretation entailed some major historical conclusions. From a more recent and careful analysis, the inscription has been correctly dated to the 6th century. With this dating as his starting-point, the author examines the fieldwork results and suggests that the block is an early-Byzantine spolium probably from the late-antique site of Kolovrat near Prijepolje, reused in the medieval period as a tombstone in the churchyard, where such examples are not lonely. It follows that the inscribed block is not directly relatable to the church remains and that it cannot be used as dating evidence. On the other hand, the church remains show features of the Romanesque-Gothic style of architecture typical of the Pomorje, the Serbian Adriatic coast. According to close analogies found for some elements of its stone decoration, the date of the church could not precede the middle of the 13th century. The question remains open as to who had the church built and what its original function was, that is whether a monastic community center round it. Its founder may be sought for among members of the ruling Nemanjic house, but a church dignitary cannot be ruled out. Anumber of complex issues raised by this site are yet to be resolved, but the study should be relieved of earlier misconceptions. Fresh information about this ruined medieval church should be provided by revision excavations in the future.

Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral: A Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Discoveries made in 1992-93

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Electrical System ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Summary Extensive archaeological excavations were conducted in advance of the installation of a new healing and electrical system for the Cathedral. Trenches were located where new ducts were to be installed below the floor in the Nave, the Choir, the Crypt and the Session Room. These trenches produced evidence for both of the documented 12th century cathedrals which preceded the existing building. The early cathedrals were represented by in situ masonry and decorated fragments of masonry which had been re-used in the thirteenth century works. Traces of activity pre-dating the 13th century were discovered in the west end of the Nave and structural evidence for the internal divisions of the post-Reformation use of the Nave was also recovered. Burials and stray human bones were found in the trenches dug in the Crypt and the Nave. In total 77 burials were excavated, most of which can be reasonably well dated. In the Nave, evidence for burial pre-dating the 12th century cathedral was recovered and it could be seen thai burials were made at sporadic intervals until the 19th century. Apart from the architectural fragments and coffin fittings, finds were scarce. The most significant artefactual discovery consisted of two massive medieval bronze mortars and an iron pestle which had been deposited in a pit in the Crypt, probably during the Reformation.

scholarly journals Conservation of the Church and the Friary of “Santa Maria degli Angeli” in Atella (Potenza, Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Filiberto Lembo ◽  
Francesco Paolo Rosario Marino ◽  
Carmela Cancellara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

Built at the end of XV century and re-built in XVIII, as a consequence of many earthquakes, englobing the precious portal of a previous church of XIII, the complex set up by the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli and the Friary of Minor Friars, expropriated by the unitary Italian State after 1860 and sold to private peoples, had a destiny common to many similar buildings in the south of Italy, becoming farm and agricultural products’ warehouse. Struck again by the earthquake of 1980, it has been the object of partial safeguard works, but is now abandoned and in ruin. Because of its strategic position, in a context very rich of environmental and historical-cultural goods, it could be easily restored and intended to be a youth hotel, fulfilling an investment of great value for the development of the regional culture and economy. Research done through the careful architectural and technological survey of existing building and the design of low-technology works of conservational reconstruction and structural-functional update, demonstrates the feasibility of hypothesis and its sustainability.

scholarly journals Posvetni latinski natpisi na crkvi sv. Ivana od Birnja

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedrana Delonga
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
John The Baptist ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Cultural Entity ◽  
The Church

Within the archaeological-historical complex at the hillfort of Biranj (Kaštel Lukšić), the ancient church of St. John the Baptist stands out in particular as a cultural entity. Three architectural phases (Romanesque, Late Gothic, and Modern period) can be perceived in its present appearance. The façade of the church bears a group of late medieval inscriptions in Latin: a donative inscription on the lintel, dated 1444 and also by the reign of the Venetian Doge Francesco Foscari (today placed in the interior of the church), as well as four consecratory inscriptions from the same time on the corners of the church. They were placed by donors (church juspatronatus) on the structure of the church on the occasion of the dedication of the thoroughly renovated original church of St. John, which had been built in the Romanesque period, at the end of the 12th or in the early 13th century, as the endowment of the Ostrog free villagers. From the donative inscription on the lintel it is learned that the ruinous Romanesque church was renovated from the foundations up by the juspatronus and plebanus Grgur Nikolin, the archpresbyter and canon of the Trogir diocese, in the name of a personal vow and the vows of all the juspatroni of St. John of Biranj. The four consecratory inscriptions with the text + Christus venit in pace et Deus homo factus est on the corners of the Late Gothic church from the same period are particularly interesting. On the basis of the contents it is hypothesized that they represent some kind of reminiscence of the possible original epigraphic dedications from the period of the construction of the Romanesque church at the end of the 12th century or in the early decades of the 13th century. The inscriptions and the sacred structure to which they belong are considered in the framework of the site as a cultural-historical complex and multi-century religious shrine and are analyzed in terms of the formal and contextual epigraphic traits. Their context is explored in the framework of the historical and religious-spiritual conditions related to the specific area in the period of the developed (12th and 13th centuries) and late Middle Ages (middle of the 15th century).

scholarly journals TO GIVE, TO ORDER, AND TO CONFIRM. THE FRENCH PRELATES' POWER IN THE WORLD OF THE 13TH CENTURY CHARTERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
E. A. Shelina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
General Increase ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

As corpora of medieval texts became available online, and platforms for textometric analysis (TXM, among others) were developed in the last decade, it has become possible to explore old historiographical issues from a new perspective. This study explores the actions of medieval dominants and the forces they used to perform those actions. The author unites a corpus of the author unites a corpus of the charters of prelates of the French dioceses from the period following the “documentary revolution”, because the general increase in the number of charters since the 12th century enables the author to work at the level of particular social groups. The charters of bishops and archbishops and the charters of abbots and abbesses of the 13th century were collected from online editions of medieval French cartularies (from the Chartae Galliae, the Cartulaires d'Île-de-France, and the Cartulaire blanc). The author generated lists of the most frequent verbs and nouns in the ablative and examined the most common adverb co-occurrences for the most frequent verbs of the two corpora. As a result of the study, a number of observations were obtained. 1) Along with the group of verbs that denote the activity of creating a charter and of disseminating the information, the most frequent verbs refer to the activities of giving, ordering and confirming in the corpus of bishops. These three main activities were distinguished by analyzing the structure of verb binomials in the corpus. 2) The activities of abbots appear to be different from those of bishops: the verbs of ordering are far less frequent, while the verbs of selling and exchanging are more common. While bishops form the dominant group within the whole society, the activities of the abbots in society are less conspicuous (abbots dominate within their monasteries). 3) The auctoritas, although an important power force that enables the majority of power actions, is not the only one used by prelates: members of the Church acted by voluntas; a large amount of actions requires consent or counsel. Finally, the promise requires the force of fides, etc. 4) The 13th century society was the one where all actions were judged as more or less spiritual, and where the less spiritual power actions and practices of the prelates were also ‘spiritualised’. Although different groups of verbs attract different kinds of adverbs (e.g. one should serve ‘honestly and devotedly’, one possesses ‘peacefully’, one commands and orders ‘firmly and rigorously’), they all have positive connotations. The charters serve to reproduce a system where the spiritual plays a dominant role and where attaining the celestial realm is the central goal of all actions (documents on the exercise of power belong to the same system as theological texts).

Hoddom

Antiquity ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (107) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
C. A. Ralegh Radford
Keyword(s):  
County Council ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

HODDOM lies in Dumfriesshire on the east bank of the Annan, about 10miles from the Solway. The valley, which now carries the main road and the railway from Carlisle to the north, has always been an important line of communication and Hoddom lies at a point where the river is easily passable. The name first appears in records of the 12th century, when the church of Hoddom was claimed as a possession of the See of Glasgow. But the importance of the site is far older as is shown by the magnificent series of crosses, illustrated in this article. The tradition of Glasgow would carry the story of Hoddom even further back, connecting the church with St. Kentigern, the founder of the See. The crosses have been found at various times in and around the site of the demolished parish church. The finest pieces, after a chequered history, unhappily disappeared during the second world war. It has therefore seemed desirable to publish a rather fuller record of the more important monuments, illustrating them with the excellent series of photographs taken by Dr 0. G. S. Crawford in 1936, when they were preserved at Hoddom Castle1. I am much indebted to Dr Crawford, who suggested the prepara- tion of this account and placed at my disposal his series of photographs. At Hoddom I had the assistance of Mr R. C. Reid, who made arrangements with the Dumfriesshire County Council and the Church of Scotland for the removal to the Burgh Museum of Dumfries of the later stones, which still lay in the kirkyard. In the course of unearthing stones half buried in the soil, opportunity was taken to re-examine the masonry of the medieval church. I would express my best thanks to Mr Reid and to all others con- cerned, to Mr A. E. Truckell, Curator of the Burgh Museum, and Miss B. Blanche for assistance in the preparation for publication of the later stones ; the drawings of the later stones are by Miss Blanche. Fig. I is reproduced, by kind permission of the Ashmolean Museum, from the late W. G. Collingwood's original drawing (Northumbrian Crosses of the Pre-Norman Age, fig, 51).

Trinitas, unitas, deitas – a trope for the Sanctus of mass

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Schlager
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Church

The melody for the verses beginning “Trinitas, Unitas, Deitas” has so far been published only from three French sources of the 13th century. Amedee Gastoue gave the melody in the course of his essay ‘Les anciens chants liturgiques des Églises d'Apt et du Comtat’; his transcription was based on the manuscript Apt 6 (No. du fonds 1), a mass-antiphoner of the 12th century used at the church of St.Pierre in Apt, with additions in various hands on the unfoliated leaves after folio CXII at the end of the manuscript, which is where we find Trinitas, Unitas, Deitas, between a troped Kyrie and a Christmas song. Henri Villetard (1907) and Wulf Arlt (1970) published the melody as part of their respective editions and commentaries for the New Year's offices of Sens and Beauvais, from the manuscripts Sens 46 and London, B.L., Egerton 2615, that is, from two sources of the early 13th century whose contents are related, and which may be seen as recensions of a 12th-century exemplar no longer extant.

scholarly journals Churches Built in the Caves of Lasta (Wällo Province, Ethiopia): A Chronology

Aethiopica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 25-64
Author(s):  
Michael Gervers
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Full Width ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Church

The five churches of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos, Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm, Ǝmäkina Lǝdätä Maryam, Walye Iyäsus and Žämmädu Maryam are all built in caves in the massif of Abunä Yosef, situated in the Lasta region of Wollo. Changes in their architectural forms suggest that they were constructed over a period of several hundred years in the order listed and as such represent a significant chronological model against which many of Ethiopia’s rock-hewn churches may be compared. Until the publication of this paper, it has been universally accepted that the church of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos was built in the second half of the 12th century under the sponsorship of an eponymous king. Aspects of the church’s architecture, namely the absence of a raised space reserved for the priesthood before the triumphal arch (the bema), of any sign of a chancel barrier around it, of western service rooms, of a vestibule and narthex, and of the presence of a reading platform (representative of the Coptic ambo), of a full-width open western bay (allowing for a ‘return aisle’), and of arches carrying the aisle ceilings, all point to a date of construction around the mid-13th century. In fact, the closest parallels to Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos may be found in Lalibäla’s second group of monolithic churches, Amanuʾel and Libanos. Closely associated also is the church of Gännätä Maryam. A painting of the Maiestas Domini in the south-east side room (pastophorion) of the latter suggests that the room served as an extension of the sanctuary. By the end of the 13th century, as witnessed by Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm and the other churches built in caves, the full-width sanctuary becomes a characteristic which endures throughout 14th- and 15th -century Ethiopian church architecture. Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos and Gännätä Maryam stand on the cusp of a major liturgical change which coincides with the transfer of royal power from the Zagwe dynasty to their Solomonic successors, who sought legitimacy by following Coptic practices.

scholarly journals Arbizuko eremuaren finkatzea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Erdozia
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

LABURPENA Ez dakigu Sakanako erdigunean dagoen Arbizu herria noiz sortu zen, baina baditugu hainbat eta hainbat datu xiii. mendetik aurrera, Behe Erdi Aroko mende horretan abiapuntua harturik, nola joan zen finkatzen bere herri-eremua ezagutzeko. Lehenik, XVI. mendearen aurreko datuak («Hamarrenaren liburua», «1360ko Etxarri Aranazko Santa Maria elizaren hamarrenak», «1427ko Mendialdeko suen liburua») izanen ditugu aztergai. Eta, jarraian, 1537ko, 1699ko, 1827ko eta 1872ko mugarriztatzeen dokumentuak Arbizuren herri-eremua nola zegoen zehazturik ikusteko. Aipatu dokumentuetako datuak aitzakia harturik, beste datu batzuk, baina bereziki mugarritzeen ingurukoak eta toponimiakoak jorratuko dira. RESUMEN No sabemos cuándo se creó el pueblo de Arbizu, pero contamos desde el siglo XIII con suficientes datos como para poder vislumbrar cómo se fue conformando su término municipal. En primer lugar, he recogido los datos anteriores al siglo XVI («Libro del Rediezmo», «Diezmos de la iglesia Santa María de Etxarri Aranatz de 1360», «Libro de fuegos de la merindad de las Montañas de 1427») y seguidamente he examinado los amojonamientos de 1537, 1699, 1827 y 1872, para entender cómo ha ido conformándose su término municipal. Entre los datos hasta ahora mencionados, también nos hemos hecho eco de otros referidos a los amojonamientos y a la toponimia de la localidad. ABSTRACT Although we do not know for certain when the village of Arbizu was created, we do have sufficient information from the 13th century onwards to see how its municipality gradually took shape. Firstly, I collected the data prior to the 16th century («Book of Second Tithes», «Tithes of the church of Santa María of Etxarri Aranatz of 1360», «Book of hearths (homes) of the administrative and legal district of the Mountains of 1427»”), I then went on to examine the demarcations of 1537, 1699, 1827 and 1872, in order to understand how its municipality took shape. Among the data mentioned up to now, we have also echoed other data referring to the demarcations and to the toponymy of the locality.

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