Posvetni latinski natpisi na crkvi sv. Ivana od Birnja

Within the archaeological-historical complex at the hillfort of Biranj (Kaštel Lukšić), the ancient church of St. John the Baptist stands out in particular as a cultural entity. Three architectural phases (Romanesque, Late Gothic, and Modern period) can be perceived in its present appearance. The façade of the church bears a group of late medieval inscriptions in Latin: a donative inscription on the lintel, dated 1444 and also by the reign of the Venetian Doge Francesco Foscari (today placed in the interior of the church), as well as four consecratory inscriptions from the same time on the corners of the church. They were placed by donors (church juspatronatus) on the structure of the church on the occasion of the dedication of the thoroughly renovated original church of St. John, which had been built in the Romanesque period, at the end of the 12th or in the early 13th century, as the endowment of the Ostrog free villagers. From the donative inscription on the lintel it is learned that the ruinous Romanesque church was renovated from the foundations up by the juspatronus and plebanus Grgur Nikolin, the archpresbyter and canon of the Trogir diocese, in the name of a personal vow and the vows of all the juspatroni of St. John of Biranj. The four consecratory inscriptions with the text + Christus venit in pace et Deus homo factus est on the corners of the Late Gothic church from the same period are particularly interesting. On the basis of the contents it is hypothesized that they represent some kind of reminiscence of the possible original epigraphic dedications from the period of the construction of the Romanesque church at the end of the 12th century or in the early decades of the 13th century. The inscriptions and the sacred structure to which they belong are considered in the framework of the site as a cultural-historical complex and multi-century religious shrine and are analyzed in terms of the formal and contextual epigraphic traits. Their context is explored in the framework of the historical and religious-spiritual conditions related to the specific area in the period of the developed (12th and 13th centuries) and late Middle Ages (middle of the 15th century).

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“Making the face beautiful”(feature on medieval beauty products)

Prilozi za knjizevnost i jezik istoriju i folklor ◽

10.2298/pkjif2086073r ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Radivoj Radic

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Medical Texts ◽

Medieval Medicine ◽

15Th Century ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

The Face ◽

Bad Breath ◽

Ambivalent Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

Beauty Products

In the Middle Ages, people had an ambivalent relationship to the beauty products: some were fully supportive of the attempts to beautify oneself, while the others, first and foremost the representatives of the church, frowned upon this notion. This feature represents a show?case of the advice and recipes for beautification from two medical collections created in the late Middle Ages. These are the Byzantine medical treatise (dating from 11th to 14th century) and the collection of Serbian medieval medicine, the so-called Hodoch Code (dating from the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century). The treatise is focusing more on the practical advice than theoretical knowledge, and its greatest part is dedicated to pharmacology. Hodoch Code (Hodoski zbornik) is in fact a therapeutic collection, and it consists of diverse medical texts. These collections contain the advice how to make one?s face white, hair black or blond, but most certainly rich in volume, as well as recipes for treating facial lines, warts, freckles, cracked lips or bad breath.

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New architectural monument of Middle Age found near Zhornivka village on Irpin river (Ruslan Orlov’s research in 1991–1992)

Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area ◽

10.33402/mdapv.2019-23-199-156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 199-256

Author(s):

Denis Elshin ◽

Serhii Pavlenko ◽

Oleksii Starodub

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Middle Age ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

13Th Century ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

General Plan ◽

Architectural Monument ◽

The One ◽

North And South ◽

The Church

In 1991–1992 in expedition led by R. Orlov the excavations of a multilayer site was carried out. It was located in Kyjevo-Svjatoshyn district of Kyiv region at 1,6 km from eastern part of Zhornivka village in a direction on South-East. The objects of Zarubynetska culture, the household pits and a Middle Age dwelling, the remains of the foundation of stone cult building, remains of brick sarcophagus near this building, burials on church cemetery dated by Middle Age and Modern Age times were discovered on the site place. In December 2017, during revision of materials at the workplace of R. Orlov in Department of ancient and medieval archeology, A. Borisov found three drawings, made on tracing paper: general plan of the site in Church Place, combined plan of excavation conducted in 1991–1992 and plan of the apse of cult building. It also contained some artifacts, probably selected from the general collection for the creation of illustrations, and in a separate package – anthropological materials from several graves of the medieval cemetery. Single-apse church of the moderate size was constructed using the bar bricks with grooves on its surface. By its features, this brick is very close to the material of the repairs and alterations which were made to certain Kievan churches constructed during the Premongol period. One of the burials cut into the ruins included the types of the ornaments which are limiting the date of destruction of the church to the 13th century. In the course of the excavations, the architectural type of the church was defined as the one without internal buttresses. However the revision of the field records gives the ground for possible remodelling of the cross-in-square church with 4 pillars. The results of these investigations were not published by the author for unknown reasons. In spring of 2019, complex of sites near Zhornivka village was re-examined. In an area of about 5,4 hectares numerous ceramic materials of XVII–XVIII centuries were recorded. They indicate existence here of large settlement in Late Middle Ages, which probably occupied the whole territory of cape-like outlier, bounded from north and south by deep ravines. In 2019 on September, 30 could be a 70th anniversary of Ruslan Orlov. The publishing of the investigation results of 1991–1992 is a best way for honoring memory of researcher on our opinion. Key words: Zhornivka village, Irpin river, multilayer site, hilltop fortified settlement, Zarubynetska culture, Old Rus time, Middle Age, church, cemetery, monastery.

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Resilience and adaptation to volcanoes in Late Middle Ages in Lipari island (Aeolian, Italy)

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-8648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. VO549

Author(s):

Maria Clara Martinelli ◽

Marco Manni ◽

Mauro Coltelli

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Historical Documents ◽

13Th Century ◽

The North ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

12Th Century ◽

History Of ◽

Monte Rosa ◽

Roman Age

Volcanic activity resumed during early Middle Ages times at Lipari following at least 6000 years of quiescence. This phenomenon occurred in a social context that had continuously developed from prehistoric times to the Roman age and was burdened by a demographic crisis that involved the archipelago between the 6th and 11th century AD. The rare archaeological records relating to the 6th - 11th centuries suggest abrupt changes in the population of the islands. The medieval sources are rich in religious and fantastic references to volcanic events linked to Lipari and Vulcano, testifying the uneasy condition for the human communities. This work concerns the resilience and adaptation of the communities to volcanic activity during the Late Middle Ages in Lipari. Starting from 1083 the Aeolian archipelago was involved in a repopulation program, implemented in 1095 by the Constitutum and organized by the Benedictine Monastery with the annexed S. Bartolomeo Cathedral on the castle. From the 13th century the volcanic phenomena, strictly limited to the northern sector of the island, did not interfere as previously with the anthropic activities. The Monastery will be enlarged in the Norman phase during the first half of the 12th century with the construction of the cloister. New historical documents relating to the 1264, report news of fires and land movements on Lipari. Recent age determinations obtained for the obsidian flow of Rocche Rosse at 1220 ± 30 AD (archaeomagnetic dating) and for an obsidian block of the Lami pyroclastic cone at 1243 ± 190 (fission-track dating) allow to define the age of the last phase of activity of the Monte Pilato-Lami-Rocche Rosse complex, and to associate it the events reported on 1264’s historical documents. This work makes in comparison volcanological, archaeological and historical dates and described an updated summary of one of the lesser known phases of the history of the archipelago. The main consequence of the medieval volcanic activity at Lipari caused a clear division of the territory with the population confined in the southeast quadrant, protected to the north by Serra and Monte Rosa which represented a natural orographic barrier.

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Churches Built in the Caves of Lasta (Wällo Province, Ethiopia): A Chronology

Aethiopica ◽

10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.857 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 25-64

Author(s):

Michael Gervers

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Church Architecture ◽

Full Width ◽

East Side ◽

The South ◽

13Th Century ◽

Royal Power ◽

15Th Century ◽

12Th Century ◽

The Church

The five churches of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos, Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm, Ǝmäkina Lǝdätä Maryam, Walye Iyäsus and Žämmädu Maryam are all built in caves in the massif of Abunä Yosef, situated in the Lasta region of Wollo. Changes in their architectural forms suggest that they were constructed over a period of several hundred years in the order listed and as such represent a significant chronological model against which many of Ethiopia’s rock-hewn churches may be compared. Until the publication of this paper, it has been universally accepted that the church of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos was built in the second half of the 12th century under the sponsorship of an eponymous king. Aspects of the church’s architecture, namely the absence of a raised space reserved for the priesthood before the triumphal arch (the bema), of any sign of a chancel barrier around it, of western service rooms, of a vestibule and narthex, and of the presence of a reading platform (representative of the Coptic ambo), of a full-width open western bay (allowing for a ‘return aisle’), and of arches carrying the aisle ceilings, all point to a date of construction around the mid-13th century. In fact, the closest parallels to Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos may be found in Lalibäla’s second group of monolithic churches, Amanuʾel and Libanos. Closely associated also is the church of Gännätä Maryam. A painting of the Maiestas Domini in the south-east side room (pastophorion) of the latter suggests that the room served as an extension of the sanctuary. By the end of the 13th century, as witnessed by Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm and the other churches built in caves, the full-width sanctuary becomes a characteristic which endures throughout 14th- and 15th -century Ethiopian church architecture. Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos and Gännätä Maryam stand on the cusp of a major liturgical change which coincides with the transfer of royal power from the Zagwe dynasty to their Solomonic successors, who sought legitimacy by following Coptic practices.

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The Common People and Material Relics of Antiquity the Afterlife of Ancient Coins in the Territory of Present-Day Poland in the Medieval and Modern Periods

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization ◽

10.12797/saac.21.2017.21.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 275-297

Author(s):

Mateusz Bogucki ◽

Arkadiusz Dymowski ◽

Grzegorz Śnieżko

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Common People ◽

Religious Context ◽

John The Baptist ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

Modern Period ◽

Roman Coins ◽

The Common ◽

Written Sources ◽

Silver Platter

Ancient coinage, almost exclusively Roman denarii from the 1st or 2nd century AD, constitutes a small percentage of hoards and other assemblages dated (with the latest coins present) to either the Middle Ages or to the modern period in the territory of present-day Poland. Such finds can be seen as strongly indicating that ancient coinage did function as means of payment at that time. This hypothesis is further supported by written sources. Moreover, ancient coins have also been recorded at other sites in medieval and modern period contexts e.g. in burial sites, which are less easy to interpret than hoards. Finds often include pierced coins and others showing suspension loops, which suggests they may have been used as amulets, jewellery or devotional medals. Other finds, such as Roman coins placed in alms boxes in modern period churches in Silesia, also point to a religious context. At the same time, written sources attest that at least since the Late Middle Ages, Roman denarii were known to common people as ‘St John’s pennies’. The name is associated with a Christian interpretation of the image of the emperor’s head on the coin, resembling that of John the Baptist on a silver platter.

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K stavebním proměnám venkovského domu v pozdním středověku a raném novověku: příklad ze Zbečna u Křivoklátu / Structural changes of a rural house in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period: An example from Zbečno, Central Bohemia

Archeologické rozhledy ◽

10.35686/ar.2020.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 607-648

Author(s):

Jan Kypta ◽

◽

Filip Laval ◽

Zdeněk Neustupný ◽

Barbara Marethová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Structural Changes ◽

18Th Century ◽

Early Modern Period ◽

13Th Century ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

Modern Period ◽

Complex Construction ◽

The Village

Extraordinarily valuable house no. 22 in the village of Zbečno (Rakovník district) underwent complex construction development in the Early Modern period. The oldest preserved structures date from the 16th century, and significant reconstruction work took place in the 18th century. However, the origin of the house is substantially older. The article presents the comprehensive results of an archaeological excavation performed in a pair of living rooms and in the courtyard of the homestead. In the stratified layers beneath today’s floors, it was possible to distinguish the remains of three consecutive medieval houses, the internal layout of which corresponded to the floor plan of today’s house. Two of these houses were destroyed by fire. Pottery dates the construction of the earliest house to the period between the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. Although the current walls are slightly shifted in plan from the medieval development stages, the orientation of the main dispositional axes has not changed.

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