scholarly journals Introduction

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
David W. Brokensha
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Comparative Study

Previous listings of African Studies offered at American universities have appeared each year in the Bulletin, the last one being in March 1964. The Editors thank all those who kindly supplied the information on which this summary is based, and they welcome any suggestions for improving the usefulness of this annual presentation or of extending the coverage. Later numbers of the Bulletin will include summaries of African Studies in Canada, Africa, Western Europe, the USSR, and Asia. The summary divides institutions into two main classes. First, there are those with a formally constituted Program, Center, or Committee, where African Studies has some institutionalized existence. Second, there is a group of universities which, while having no formal African Studies Program, nevertheless offer, through their regular departments, courses dealing with Africa. The latter list does not pretend to be exhaustive; there are many other institutions which might have been included, but we have no information on them at the present time. Students who are deciding to which school they should apply might bear in mind such factors as caliber of faculty, availability of fellowships (though the closing date for most applications for 1965/66 is already past), library facilities, other institutions in the vicinity, and research opportunities. Most scholars now agree that the area studies approach cannot exist without the more theoretical comparative approach, so that the presence of certain other scholars becomes very significant: in political science, for example, it would be advantageous to have available faculty who specialize in the comparative study of processes of modernization, or of revolutions, as well as those who concentrate on Africa as an area. Therefore, this guide merely outlines some of the main features of African Study Programs in the United States.

Digital Campaigning across Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-71
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Mobilization ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Digital Campaigning ◽  
The Comparative Study

This chapter examines developments in digital campaigning in comparative perspective. It does so using survey data from Wave 4 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) to measure the extent of digital voter contact occurring in eighteen countries (2011–2015). Based on the understanding that extensive voter mobilization is a key feature of a country’s entry into phase IV digital campaigning, the authors infer which nations have progressed more rapidly through the four phases, and are thus most advanced in their use of digital campaign tools. Using this measure, they find that the United States is the most advanced nation and Thailand the least. They investigate the rankings more systematically using multilevel modeling techniques, and find that presidential elections and higher internet penetration rates are most predictive of higher rates of digital campaign contact. The results are helpful in building expectations about the digital campaign performance of the four national case studies.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION: AN APPROACH FROM A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE VALUE OF EMBRYONIC LIFE UNDER THE ARGENTINE AND U.S. CONSTITUTIONAL CASE LAW

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Zambrano ◽  
Estela B. Sacristán
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Embryonic Life

The paper analyzes the issue of legal interpretation of the Constitution in the light of a comparative approach between the case law of Argentina and the United States about the value attributed to embryonic life.

scholarly journals The Comparability of Perceived Physical and Mental Health Measures Across Immigrants and Natives in the United States

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Maskileyson ◽  
Daniel Seddig ◽  
Eldad Davidov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract The comparative study of perceived physical and mental health in general—and the comparative study of health between the native-born and immigrants, in particular—requires that the groups understand survey questions inquiring about their health in the same way and display similar response patterns. After all, observed differences in perceived health may not reflect true differences but rather cultural bias in the health measures. Research on cross-country measurement equivalence between immigrants and natives on self-reported health measures has received very limited attention to date, resulting in a growing demand for the validation of existing perceived health measures using samples of natives and immigrants and establishing measurement equivalence of health-related assessment tools. This study, therefore, aims to examine measurement equivalence of self-reported physical and mental health indicators between immigrants and natives in the United States. Using pooled data from the 2015–2017 IPUMS Health Surveys, we examine the cross-group measurement equivalence properties of five concepts that are measured by multiple indicators: (1) perceived limitations in activities of daily life; (2) self-reported disability; (3) perceived functional limitations; (4) perceived financial stress; and (5) nonspecific psychological distress. Furthermore, we examine the comparability of these data among respondents of different ethnoracial origins and from different regions of birth, who report few versus many years since migration, their age, gender, and the language used to respond to the interview (e.g., English vs. Spanish). We test for measurement equivalence using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The results reveal that health scales are comparable across the examined groups. This finding allows drawing meaningful conclusions about similarities and differences among natives and immigrants on measures of perceived health in these data.

Vigilantism in Comparative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Good Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Twilight Zone ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself

Vigilantes have arisen at many times in different regions of the world, taking the law into their own hands as defenders, often by force, of their view of the good life against those they see to be its enemies. They have a strong attraction for some commentators and they rouse equally strong hostility in others. For yet others, who attempt to take a broader view, they are a source of deep ambivalence. Academic interest in the phenomenon has grown strongly over recent years, and this has contributed significantly to an increase in knowledge of its distribution beyond the bounds of western Europe, the United States, and particularly in many parts of Africa. Although vigilantes are most commonly male, increased evidence of women’s vigilantism has also come to light in recent years. Vigilantism is difficult to define in rigorous terms, partly because of general problems of comparative study, but there are also special reasons in this case. Vigilantism is not so much a thing in itself as a fundamentally relational phenomenon which only makes sense in relation to the formal institutions of the state. It is in several ways a frontier phenomenon, occupying an awkward borderland between law and illegality. Many of its manifestations are short-lived and unstable, nor is it always what it claims to be. For these reasons, definitions of vigilantism are best treated as an “ideal type,” which real cases may be expected to approximate to or depart from. This approach provides the possibility of comparing different cases of vigilantism and also allows one to explore the differences and similarities between it and other “dwellers in the twilight zone,” such as social bandits, mafias, guerrillas, and resistance movements.

World Englishes and Dialectology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieselotte Anderwald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Morphosyntactic Variation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Comparative Study

This chapter summarizes new approaches to the study of traditional dialects, in particular in Britain and the United States, and discusses how new methods, new results, and new topics of investigation may inform and enrich the study of World Englishes, too. Of particular importance may be the acknowledgement of widespread variability in the ‘homeland’ that is increasingly also historically attested and sociolinguistically described, the study of morphosyntactic variation as an area of language that seems to remain quite stable under settlement conditions, and the comparative study of present-day variability that indicates the breadth (and limits) of variability. In return, results from the comparative study of World Englishes also have the potential to enrich modern dialectology and sociolinguistics.

Ideological parlances on right-wing media in Britain and Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Tuomola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

One of the main themes of alternative right-wing media is a strong anti-immigrant approach, which has allegedly intensified a radical and polarized world-view throughout Europe and the United States. In this article, by comparing two right-wing news sites, I examine whether commonalities in their reporting can be discerned at a transnational level. The focus is on the US-based Breitbart London and the Finnish-language MV-lehti, both founded in 2014. The comparative study approaches the research data by utilizing the method of discourse narratology to examine the similarities and differences between the two in terms of their ideological parlances. The results show that there are indisputable commonalities, with parlances that seek to undermine liberal democracy as an outspoken opponent to strengthen the homogeneous battlefront. Accordingly, right-wing news sites in Europe adhere to the shared ideology, leaning on a strong confrontation between western and Islamic countries.

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