Ideological parlances on right-wing media in Britain and Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Tuomola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

One of the main themes of alternative right-wing media is a strong anti-immigrant approach, which has allegedly intensified a radical and polarized world-view throughout Europe and the United States. In this article, by comparing two right-wing news sites, I examine whether commonalities in their reporting can be discerned at a transnational level. The focus is on the US-based Breitbart London and the Finnish-language MV-lehti, both founded in 2014. The comparative study approaches the research data by utilizing the method of discourse narratology to examine the similarities and differences between the two in terms of their ideological parlances. The results show that there are indisputable commonalities, with parlances that seek to undermine liberal democracy as an outspoken opponent to strengthen the homogeneous battlefront. Accordingly, right-wing news sites in Europe adhere to the shared ideology, leaning on a strong confrontation between western and Islamic countries.

scholarly journals The trade secrets protection in U.S. and in Europe: a comparative study

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Chiara Gaido
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
International Companies

Only by deeply understanding the new laws that govern trade secrets protection in the United States and Europe, companies will be able to effectively protect their own trade secrets. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the similarities and differences between both regulations to give useful guidelines to international companies who deal in both geographical areas. Therefore, the paper will focus first on the economic value of trade secrets and the costs related to cybercrime and cyberespionage. Then, it will analyze the US and EU historical legal backgrounds that brought to the adoption of both laws. Finally, this article will make a comparative analysis of the provisions in each law. Hence, the paper makes potential suggestions for companies that deal in both regimes.

Digital Campaigning across Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-71
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voter Mobilization ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Digital Campaigning ◽  
The Comparative Study

This chapter examines developments in digital campaigning in comparative perspective. It does so using survey data from Wave 4 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) to measure the extent of digital voter contact occurring in eighteen countries (2011–2015). Based on the understanding that extensive voter mobilization is a key feature of a country’s entry into phase IV digital campaigning, the authors infer which nations have progressed more rapidly through the four phases, and are thus most advanced in their use of digital campaign tools. Using this measure, they find that the United States is the most advanced nation and Thailand the least. They investigate the rankings more systematically using multilevel modeling techniques, and find that presidential elections and higher internet penetration rates are most predictive of higher rates of digital campaign contact. The results are helpful in building expectations about the digital campaign performance of the four national case studies.

scholarly journals Introduction

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
David W. Brokensha
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Closing Date ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Comparative Study

Previous listings of African Studies offered at American universities have appeared each year in the Bulletin, the last one being in March 1964. The Editors thank all those who kindly supplied the information on which this summary is based, and they welcome any suggestions for improving the usefulness of this annual presentation or of extending the coverage. Later numbers of the Bulletin will include summaries of African Studies in Canada, Africa, Western Europe, the USSR, and Asia. The summary divides institutions into two main classes. First, there are those with a formally constituted Program, Center, or Committee, where African Studies has some institutionalized existence. Second, there is a group of universities which, while having no formal African Studies Program, nevertheless offer, through their regular departments, courses dealing with Africa. The latter list does not pretend to be exhaustive; there are many other institutions which might have been included, but we have no information on them at the present time. Students who are deciding to which school they should apply might bear in mind such factors as caliber of faculty, availability of fellowships (though the closing date for most applications for 1965/66 is already past), library facilities, other institutions in the vicinity, and research opportunities. Most scholars now agree that the area studies approach cannot exist without the more theoretical comparative approach, so that the presence of certain other scholars becomes very significant: in political science, for example, it would be advantageous to have available faculty who specialize in the comparative study of processes of modernization, or of revolutions, as well as those who concentrate on Africa as an area. Therefore, this guide merely outlines some of the main features of African Study Programs in the United States.

scholarly journals The Comparability of Perceived Physical and Mental Health Measures Across Immigrants and Natives in the United States

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Maskileyson ◽  
Daniel Seddig ◽  
Eldad Davidov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract The comparative study of perceived physical and mental health in general—and the comparative study of health between the native-born and immigrants, in particular—requires that the groups understand survey questions inquiring about their health in the same way and display similar response patterns. After all, observed differences in perceived health may not reflect true differences but rather cultural bias in the health measures. Research on cross-country measurement equivalence between immigrants and natives on self-reported health measures has received very limited attention to date, resulting in a growing demand for the validation of existing perceived health measures using samples of natives and immigrants and establishing measurement equivalence of health-related assessment tools. This study, therefore, aims to examine measurement equivalence of self-reported physical and mental health indicators between immigrants and natives in the United States. Using pooled data from the 2015–2017 IPUMS Health Surveys, we examine the cross-group measurement equivalence properties of five concepts that are measured by multiple indicators: (1) perceived limitations in activities of daily life; (2) self-reported disability; (3) perceived functional limitations; (4) perceived financial stress; and (5) nonspecific psychological distress. Furthermore, we examine the comparability of these data among respondents of different ethnoracial origins and from different regions of birth, who report few versus many years since migration, their age, gender, and the language used to respond to the interview (e.g., English vs. Spanish). We test for measurement equivalence using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The results reveal that health scales are comparable across the examined groups. This finding allows drawing meaningful conclusions about similarities and differences among natives and immigrants on measures of perceived health in these data.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN HISTORIOGRAFI PENDIDIKAN DI AMERIKA SERIKAT, AUSTRALIA, DAN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Hieronymus Purwanta
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
History Learning ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

<p>This article compares historiography of education in United States, Australia, and Indonesia. It aims to understand similarities and differences text book of history learning in high school in three countries. The comparative study focuses on two aspects in historiography of education, i.e. approach and discourse. The result of study shows that in three country use the narrative approach. In Indonesia, beside narrative, the writers of history text book also used structural approach and apply theories, concepts, and generalization from social sciences and humanities. In aspect of discourse, the historiography of education in United States and Australia placed their peoples as subject and main actor in history. In other side, historiography of education in Indonesia placed their peoples as object in any historical act had been done by foreigner.</p><p> </p><p>Artikel ini bermaksud membandingkan historiografi pendidikan di Amerika Serikat, Australia dan Indonesia. Tujuannya adalah untuk memahami persamaan dan perbedaan buku teks pelajaran sejarah yang digunakan untuk siswa SMA di ketiga negara. Kajian komparatif difokuskan pada dua aspek utama dari historiografi pendidikan, yaitu pendekatan dan wacana. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa historiografi pendidikan di ketiga negara menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Di Indonesia, selain naratif, penulis buku teks pelajaran sejarah juga menerapkan pendekatan struktural dengan menggunakan teori, konsep, generalisasi dari ilmu sosial dan humaniora. Dari perspektif wacana, historiografi pendidikan di Amerika Serikat dan Australia menempatkan masyarakatnya sebagai subjek atau pemeran utama dalam sejarah. Di pihak lain, historiografi pendidik-an di Indonesia menempatkan masyarakatnya sebagai objek dari berbagai tindakan historis yang dilakukan bangsa asing.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Interest Relief on Income Tax Debts: Canada Versus the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-986
Author(s):  
Michael H. Lubetsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Tax Court ◽  
The Comparative Study

Subsection 220(3.1) of the Income Tax Act authorizes the minister of national revenue to waive or cancel interest on income tax debts. This power is typically exercised in four circumstances: where interest has accumulated owing to circumstances beyond a taxpayer's control; where the interest has accumulated owing to error or delay by the Canada Revenue Agency; where the accumulated interest causes hardship; or in the context of a voluntary disclosure. South of the border, section 6404 of the Internal Revenue Code authorizes the secretary of the Treasury to "abate" interest on tax debts. As a practical matter, discretionary interest relief under section 6404 is available only in very limited circumstances. The restrictive approach to discretionary interest relief is, however, offset by a greater array of interest-relieving provisions, as well as by the power of the secretary to "compromise" tax liabilities on various grounds, some of which overlap with grounds for interest relief recognized in Canada. This article compares the Canadian and US interest relief regimes, with a view to identifying aspects of the US regime that may merit further consideration in Canada. The differences in the US approach that are of particular interest include • a wider, and arguably more coherent, range of relieving provisions applicable to interest, particularly with regard to interest netting and carrybacks; • the jurisdiction of the United States Tax Court to review refusals to abate interest and/or to accept an offer in compromise; • dealing with situations of hardship and extraordinary circumstances under the aegis of the offer-in-compromise regime, which allows for consideration of the underlying tax liability in addition to the interest, and which also allows for relief to be made conditional on the taxpayer's future compliance with filing and payment obligations; • in certain older cases, a willingness to use interest relief to settle longstanding and complex tax disputes; and • the absence of statutory time limits on the power of the secretary to abate or compromise interest. The comparative study also reveals how Canada and the United States place different weight on policy rationales that underlie interest relief. Canada focuses mainly on ensuring that the consequences of non-compliance for individual taxpayers are fair and equitable. The United States, on the other hand, focuses more on rehabilitating non-compliant taxpayers in the long term, as well as ensuring that interest reflects fair compensation for such taxpayers' use of the public treasury's money—both of which could be given greater attention on this side of the border.

World Englishes and Dialectology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieselotte Anderwald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Morphosyntactic Variation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Comparative Study

This chapter summarizes new approaches to the study of traditional dialects, in particular in Britain and the United States, and discusses how new methods, new results, and new topics of investigation may inform and enrich the study of World Englishes, too. Of particular importance may be the acknowledgement of widespread variability in the ‘homeland’ that is increasingly also historically attested and sociolinguistically described, the study of morphosyntactic variation as an area of language that seems to remain quite stable under settlement conditions, and the comparative study of present-day variability that indicates the breadth (and limits) of variability. In return, results from the comparative study of World Englishes also have the potential to enrich modern dialectology and sociolinguistics.

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