Policy Maps of City Councils and Policy Outcomes: A Developmental Analysis

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Eulau ◽  
Robert Eyestone

In spite of common challenges stemming from the common environment shared by all cities in a metropolitan region, continued and even increasing social and economic differentiation among and within cities rather than ho-mogenization and integration are the most significant features of the contemporary metropolitan scene.1 Cities within the same metropolitan region are not only maintaining but also developing distinct and unique “public life styles.” Urban sociology and urban geography have raised a multitude of questions and given a multitude of answers in seeking to account for the fact that cities facing basically similar challenges from the environment react so differently to these challenges. Most relevant research deals with the problem of differentiation and its effects on the development of cities in terms of historical settlement patterns, economic location and growth, or geographical space distribution.3But differences in municipal life styles may also be the result of differences in public policies deliberately pursued by local governments in the metropolitan area. If this is so, the common pressures from the environment are evidently interpreted differently in the process of public decision-making that seeks to cope with them. It would seem, then, that metropolitan cities are in different stages of policy development. Leaving aside momentarily the meaning of “stages of policy development,” we can ask a number of questions that may shed light on the relationship between environmental pressures and public policies designed to meet these pressures.

2016 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sandra Cortés Chávez ◽  
Héctor Sepúlveda Serrano

ResumenDesde 2006 el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile, a través de las Secretarías Regionales de Vivienda y Urbanismo, implementa el Programa Quiero mi Barrio, destinado al mejoramiento urbano y social de barrios vulnerables. A fines de 2009, en la Región Metropolitana, egresan los primeros 12 barrios intervenidos, surgiendo el interés por medir el nivel de satisfacción de los vecinos y vecinas con los resultados de la intervención, para lo cual se desarrolla una investigación durante el segundo semestre de 2011, que busca definir un modelo de evaluación de satisfacción con los resultados del Programa.El presente artículo informa de la metodología definida para la medición de la satisfacción y los resultados obtenidos, en el que se manifiesta el alto nivel de satisfacción que el Programa Quiero Mi Barrio alcanza entre los vecinos y vecinas, así como la verificación de que las expectativas eran superiores a los logros alcanzados en la intervención del Programa.La investigación indagó respecto de la identificación de variables asociadasal nivel de satisfacción. Mediante el análisis de componentes principalesaplicado a la evaluación de la caracterización de barrio, se identifican seisfactores, cinco de los cuales expresan diferencias significativas con el nivel desatisfacción, a excepción del factor conflictividad.Palabras clave: políticas públicas, nivel de satisfacción de vecinos y vecinas, Programa Quiero Mi Barrio, intervención barrial, sociología urbana. Measuring the satisfaction level in neighbors in relation to the outcomes of Quiero mi Barrio Program in ChileAbstractSince 2006, the Chilean Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, through theRegional Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development, implementsQuiero mi Barrio (I love my neighborhood) Program, intended for improving vulnerable neighborhoods in urban and social terms.In late 2009, the first 12 targeted neighborhoods graduated in the Metropolitan Region, which generated interest in measuring the level of satisfaction of residents in relation to the intervention outcomes. To that end, a research took place during the second half of 2011 to define a model for evaluating this level of satisfaction.This article informs about the methodology defined for measuringsatisfaction and outcomes and the high level of satisfaction that this Program generated in neighbors. It also verifies that expectations were higher than the achievements of the program intervention.The research explored the identification of variables associated withsatisfaction. An analysis of the main components applied to the evaluationof a neighborhood characterization identified six factors and five of themexpressed significant differences in the level of satisfaction, except for thefactor related to conflict.Keywords: public policies, neighbors’ level of satisfaction, Quiero Mi BarrioProgram, neighborhood intervention, urban sociology. Medição do nível de satisfação de vizinhos com os resultados do Programa Quero meu Bairro no ChileResumoDesde 2006, o Ministério de Vivenda e Urbanismo do Chile, através dasSecretarias Regionais de Habitação e Urbanismo implementa o programaQuero o meu Bairro, destinado ao melhoramento urbano e social dos bairros vulneráveis.No final de 2009, na Região Metropolitana, graduam-se os primeiros 12bairros intervindos, surgindo o interesse em medir o nível de satisfação dos vizinhos com os resultados da intervenção, para os quais se desenvolve uma investigação durante a segunda metade do ano 2011, que procura definir um modelo da avaliação de satisfação com os resultados do programa.Este artigo informa da metodologia definida para medir a satisfação eos resultados obtidos, no qual se manifesta o alto nível de satisfação queo programa Quero meu Bairro alcança entre os vizinhos, assim como averificação de que as expectativas foram superiores aos logros realizadospela intervenção do programa.A pesquisa investigou a respeito da identificação de variáveis associadas ao nível de satisfação. Através da análise de componentes principais aplicado à avaliação de caracterização do bairro, identificam-se seis fatores, dos quais cinco expressam diferenças significativas com o nível de satisfação, com exceção do fator conflito.Palavras-chave: políticas públicas, nível de satisfação de vizinhos, Programa Quero meu Bairro, a intervenção do bairro, sociologia urbana.


Author(s):  
Robert A Greer ◽  
Tyler A Scott

Abstract The widespread proliferation of special districts and their role in producing and delivering public goods and services has been well documented. Each new entity further fragments government authority, and thus their autonomy is a critical determinant of how local governance systems function. Existing theories of special district autonomy emphasize formal institutional attributes such as election structure and state restrictions. We argue that this approach does not fully incorporate how relational dynamics such as functional interdependence, interest alignment, and social capital affect how special districts fit within regional polycentric governance systems. We propose a Network Autonomy Framework for local governments that focuses on relational dynamics between co-located1 governments and demonstrate an example of how this framework can be applied to a metropolitan region. By understanding how co-located governments relate to one another, we can gain a deeper understanding of special districts’ role in local governance systems and advance propositions as to how they will affect a variety of local policy outcomes.


2016 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sandra Cortés Chávez ◽  
Héctor Sepúlveda Serrano

ResumenDesde 2006 el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile, a través de las Secretarías Regionales de Vivienda y Urbanismo, implementa el Programa Quiero mi Barrio, destinado al mejoramiento urbano y social de barrios vulnerables. A fines de 2009, en la Región Metropolitana, egresan los primeros 12 barrios intervenidos, surgiendo el interés por medir el nivel de satisfacción de los vecinos y vecinas con los resultados de la intervención, para lo cual se desarrolla una investigación durante el segundo semestre de 2011, que busca definir un modelo de evaluación de satisfacción con los resultados del Programa.El presente artículo informa de la metodología definida para la medición de la satisfacción y los resultados obtenidos, en el que se manifiesta el alto nivel de satisfacción que el Programa Quiero Mi Barrio alcanza entre los vecinos y vecinas, así como la verificación de que las expectativas eran superiores a los logros alcanzados en la intervención del Programa.La investigación indagó respecto de la identificación de variables asociadasal nivel de satisfacción. Mediante el análisis de componentes principalesaplicado a la evaluación de la caracterización de barrio, se identifican seisfactores, cinco de los cuales expresan diferencias significativas con el nivel desatisfacción, a excepción del factor conflictividad.Palabras clave: políticas públicas, nivel de satisfacción de vecinos y vecinas, Programa Quiero Mi Barrio, intervención barrial, sociología urbana. Measuring the satisfaction level in neighbors in relation to the outcomes of Quiero mi Barrio Program in ChileAbstractSince 2006, the Chilean Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, through theRegional Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development, implementsQuiero mi Barrio (I love my neighborhood) Program, intended for improving vulnerable neighborhoods in urban and social terms.In late 2009, the first 12 targeted neighborhoods graduated in the Metropolitan Region, which generated interest in measuring the level of satisfaction of residents in relation to the intervention outcomes. To that end, a research took place during the second half of 2011 to define a model for evaluating this level of satisfaction.This article informs about the methodology defined for measuringsatisfaction and outcomes and the high level of satisfaction that this Program generated in neighbors. It also verifies that expectations were higher than the achievements of the program intervention.The research explored the identification of variables associated withsatisfaction. An analysis of the main components applied to the evaluationof a neighborhood characterization identified six factors and five of themexpressed significant differences in the level of satisfaction, except for thefactor related to conflict.Keywords: public policies, neighbors’ level of satisfaction, Quiero Mi BarrioProgram, neighborhood intervention, urban sociology. Medição do nível de satisfação de vizinhos com os resultados do Programa Quero meu Bairro no ChileResumoDesde 2006, o Ministério de Vivenda e Urbanismo do Chile, através dasSecretarias Regionais de Habitação e Urbanismo implementa o programaQuero o meu Bairro, destinado ao melhoramento urbano e social dos bairros vulneráveis.No final de 2009, na Região Metropolitana, graduam-se os primeiros 12bairros intervindos, surgindo o interesse em medir o nível de satisfação dos vizinhos com os resultados da intervenção, para os quais se desenvolve uma investigação durante a segunda metade do ano 2011, que procura definir um modelo da avaliação de satisfação com os resultados do programa.Este artigo informa da metodologia definida para medir a satisfação eos resultados obtidos, no qual se manifesta o alto nível de satisfação queo programa Quero meu Bairro alcança entre os vizinhos, assim como averificação de que as expectativas foram superiores aos logros realizadospela intervenção do programa.A pesquisa investigou a respeito da identificação de variáveis associadas ao nível de satisfação. Através da análise de componentes principais aplicado à avaliação de caracterização do bairro, identificam-se seis fatores, dos quais cinco expressam diferenças significativas com o nível de satisfação, com exceção do fator conflito.Palavras-chave: políticas públicas, nível de satisfação de vizinhos, Programa Quero meu Bairro, a intervenção do bairro, sociologia urbana.


e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Beata Zofia Filipiak ◽  
Marek Dylewski

AbstractThe purpose of the article is analysis of participatory budgets as a tool for shaping decisions of local communities on the use of public funds. The authors ask the question of whether the current practice of using the participatory budget is actually a growing trend in local government finances or, after the initial euphoria resulting from participation, society ceased to notice the real possibilities of influencing the directions of public expenditures as an opportunity to legislate public policies implemented. It is expected that the conducted research will allow us to evaluate the participatory budget and indicate whether this tool practically acts as a stimulus for changes in the scope of tasks under public policies. The authors analyzed and evaluated the announced competitions for projects as part of the procedure for elaborating participatory budgeting for selected LGUs. Then, they carried out an in-depth analysis of the data used to assess real social participation in the process of establishing social policies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
EMIL MARKVART ◽  
◽  
DMITRY V. MASLOV ◽  
TATYANA B. LAVROVA ◽  
◽  
...  

The existing approaches to quality assessment, based on ranking and rating, perform a control function but do not give government bodies at various levels, local governments, and public sector organizations the necessary tools to improve their performance. The article is devoted to one of the modern models of quality management in the field of public administration – the European model for improving the activities of public sector organizations through the self-assessment – the Common Assessment Framework (CAF model) and the possibilities of its implementation in Russia.


2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Catarina Sjölin ◽  
Helen Edwards

Misconduct in Public Office (MiPO) covers a wide and varied range of conduct. Beyond the defendant’s public office, there is no unifying conduct or result. A conviction for MiPO could represent putting pressure on a council official to move the route of a proposed road, or a police officer abusing his/her position for sexual gain. Sexual misconduct prosecuted as MiPO falls outside the usual regime for prosecuting and sentencing sexual offences, both obscuring the conduct by the label of MiPO and avoiding sexual offence specific consequences. To examine what kind of sexual offending MiPO has been covering, we analysed newspaper reports and appellate decisions since 2002. This enabled us to identify the conduct MiPO was being used to cover at charge, plea and conviction (or acquittal) stages. We found a significant amount of sexual misconduct being prosecuted as MiPO. We then analysed the sexual conduct to determine the “wrongs” involved, identifying particular categories. This enabled us to propose a new sexual offence (based on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 offences that are not founded on lack of consent), which marks the sexual wrong and enables a focus on the defendant’s abuse of position rather than the victim’s vulnerability. This article outlines the basis for our proposal to the Law Commission for reform of the common law offence of MiPO (as our second response to their consultations). Currently at the stage of Policy Development, the Commission aims to publish its report later this year.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deserai A. Crow ◽  
Elizabeth A. Albright

Disasters can serve as focusing events that increase agenda attention related to issues of disaster response, recovery, and preparedness. Increased agenda attention can lead to policy changes and organisational learning. The degree and type of learning that occurs within a government organization after a disaster may matter to policy outcomes related to individual, household, and community-level risks and resilience. Local governments are the first line of disaster response but also bear the burden of performing long-term disaster recovery and planning for future events. Crow and Albright present the first framework for understanding if, how, and to what effect communities and local governments learn after a disaster strikes. Drawing from analyses conducted over a five-year period following extreme flooding in Colorado, USA, Community Disaster Recovery: Moving from Vulnerability to Resilience presents a framework of community-level learning after disaster and the factors that catalyse policy change towards resilience.


Author(s):  
Marjorie Rafaela Lima Do Vale ◽  
Anna Farmer ◽  
Rebecca Gokiert ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Katerina Maximova

Purpose: To describe (i) nutrition policies in childcare centres, (ii) the resources and processes used to enable policy implementation, and (iii) the association between policy implementation and childcare centres’ or administrators’ characteristics. Methods: Between October 2018 and June 2019 a web-based survey that addressed nutrition policy, policy implementation, and sociodemographic characteristics was sent to eligible childcare programs (centre-based and provided meals) in the Edmonton (Alberta) metropolitan region. The survey was pretested and pilot tested. Statistical tests examined the relationship between policy implementation with centres’ and administrators’ characteristics. Results: Of 312 childcare centres that received the survey invitation, 43 completed it. The majority of centres had a nutrition policy in place (94%). On average, centres had about 9 of the 17 implementation resources and processes assessed. Most often administrators reported actively encouraging the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 35; 87%) and least often writing evaluation reports of the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 9; 22%). Administrator’s education level was associated with implementation total score (p = 0.009; Kruskal-Wallis). Conclusion: Most childcare centres had a nutrition policy in place, but many lacked resources and processes to enable policy implementation. Additional support is required to improve nutrition policy development and implementation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (83) ◽  
pp. 580-599
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante

Abstract The 1988 federal Constitution introduced a complex and innovative institutional arrangement that not only reestablished political rights and democratic procedures, but also reinforced decentralization as a fundamental guideline for policy implementation in Brazil. As a result, municipalities have become pivotal actors in the policymaking process. Scholars of Latin American politics have given much emphasis to the causes and determinants of decentralization, but not much has been done toward a more general understanding of how this increased decentralization has affected policymaker behavior and policy outcomes. This paper aims to do exactly that. Specifically, it investigates how institutional arrangements and electoral competition affect local government performance. The theoretical basis is the electoral democratic theory that broadly highlights elections as instruments of citizen control in retrospective and prospective voting approaches. The research employs a large-N cross sub-national analysis based on a dataset of electoral, partisan, socioeconomic and public financial information collected from over 5500 municipalities. Local governments’ performance, our dependent variables, are synthetic indicators formulated from 2009 nationwide surveys on public education, health, housing and welfare services. The OLS regression results confirm the hypothesis that politics variables do matter in how politicians make decisions and implement policy under the new Brazilian democratic Era. The empirical evidences suggest that electoral competition does not present a direct effect on government performance, however, ideology and citizen participation do. Therefore, this paper helps to expand our understanding of a political system’s impact on public policy outputs, which is extremely important not only for academic purpose but also to support policymakers’ decisions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (-) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Vitalii ZIANKO ◽  
Tetiana NECHYPORENKO

The paper is devoted to the implementation of regional budget policy in Ukraine. The main vectors of budget policy development as a component of socio-economic policy at the local level are highlighted. Within the framework of the declared budget policy, the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of local (regional) budgets are considered. The interpretation of the definitions of "budget" and "policy" is presented, and the author's definition of the essence of the budget policy of the region is offered. The conceptual dominants of budget policy, the implementation of which takes place through the budget mechanism, are studied. It is proved that budget policy is an important lever of influence and a real reflection of the tactics and strategy of public authorities and local governments in the budget sphere. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the implementation of regional budget policy directly depends on the sequence of steps aimed at increasing the level of competitiveness of the regions and overcoming the existing regional disparities. On the basis of generalization of thematic researches and practice the offers concerning application of levers of budgetary regulation which define a level of efficiency of budgetary policy of region are formulated. It is stated that the content of the budget policy of the region should be to determine the course, tasks and activities of the state and local governments in the field of formation and use of budget funds. Full implementation of the budget policy of the region stimulates the functioning of economic activity of administrative-territorial units, promotes rational budget planning, as well as the effective filling, distribution and use of local financial resources.


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